Effects of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides on humoral immunity of chickens and antibody titres after vaccination with infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chicken

Sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups (30 chickens in each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides (CIAMP) on the humoral immune response. Chickens of both groups were fed the same diet. In the treatment group chickens received drinking water supplemented with CIAMP (1 microg/ml) right after hatching. Samples of blood, bursa of Fabricus, spleen and intestine were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 17 of experiment. CIAMP supplementation enhanced the content of IgG and IgM in serum from day 4-10 and day 10-17, respectively, (p < 0.05), IgM-forming cells in bursa of Fabricus and spleen at the age of 7 days (p < 0.05) and IgG-forming cells in bursa of Fabricus at the age of 4 days (p < 0.05). In addition, CIAMP enhanced the IgA-forming cells in caecal tonsils diffuse area at day 4 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CIAMP enhanced the antibody response to infectious bursal disease virus vaccine (IBDV) in chickens 21 days following IBDV vaccine administration (p < 0.05). These results suggested that CIAMP could modulate the humoral immune response of chickens and increased the antibody titres of infectious bursal disease virus vaccine.     

传染性法氏囊病不同代次细胞毒免疫效果的研究

将从山东省东营分离到的1株传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)野毒(暂命名 IBDV SDDY株,经鉴定该株与 IB DV STC株具有较高的同源性)经 SPF 鸡胚传代,然后转为细胞培养,取第 20 代、21 代、25 代毒,以 1 倍剂量(3000TCID50/0.2mL )和5倍剂量不同的免疫剂量,分别在7日龄、14日龄对商品代海蓝褐蛋鸡进行免疫,并于免疫前用 IBD ELISA试剂盒检测 IBDV母源抗体水平,于 35 日龄用传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒 (very virulent In fectious Bursal Disease Virus, vvIBDV )GX 8/99攻毒,在攻毒前再次检测IBDV的抗体水平,攻毒后观察记录各分组鸡的致病率和死亡率,并计算免疫器官体重指数,观察免疫器官的组织损伤情况。试验结果表明:3 代毒都具有较高免疫原性,但是20代毒仍具有较大的毒性,7 日龄接种会引起法氏囊的萎缩,造成持续的组织损伤;21 代毒、25代毒保护率高,无免疫抑制,是比较理想的疫苗来源;7日龄免疫较14日龄免疫更易造成组织损伤和免疫抑制,14日龄免疫较为合适。     

Effects of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides on humoral immunity of chickens and antibody titres after vaccination with infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chicken

Abstract

Sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups (30 chickens in each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides (CIAMP) on the humoral immune response. Chickens of both groups were fed the same diet. In the treatment group chickens received drinking water supplemented with CIAMP (1 µg/ml) right after hatching. Samples of blood, bursa of Fabricus, spleen and intestine were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 17 of experiment. CIAMP supplementation enhanced the content of IgG and IgM in serum from day 4 – 10 and day 10 – 17, respectively, (p < 0.05), IgM-forming cells in bursa of Fabricus and spleen at the age of 7 days (p < 0.05) and IgG-forming cells in bursa of Fabricus at the age of 4 days (p < 0.05). In addition, CIAMP enhanced the IgA-forming cells in caecal tonsils diffuse area at day 4 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CIAMP enhanced the antibody response to infectious bursal disease virus vaccine (IBDV) in chickens 21 days following IBDV vaccine administration (p < 0.05). These results suggested that CIAMP could modulate the humoral immune response of chickens and increased the antibody titres of infectious bursal disease virus vaccine.     

抗IBDV独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其产物生物学特性测定

用纯化的抗IBDV IgG免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞在聚乙二醇（PEG）作用下融合,ELISA法检测筛选,经有限稀释法克隆3次,获得2株（5F₄株,2B₆株）分泌抗IBDV独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,其能诱生Balb/c小鼠产生ELISA抗体效价分别为1∶12 800和1∶25 600的含抗IBDV独特型抗体的腹水。用此独特型抗体与福氏完全佐剂和福氏不完全佐剂乳化制备成抗IBDV独特型抗体疫苗,免疫接种SPF鸡和普通京白公鸡,然后用IBDV强毒株(SD株)2000 ELD50攻毒,SPF鸡免疫组50只,有5只发病、2只死亡;对照组10只全部发病,8只死亡。普通京白鸡免疫组30只,有7只发病, 1只死亡;对照组10只全部发病,6只死亡。经X²检验,SPF鸡X²＝34.15,普通鸡X²＝16.68,查X²值表得X²_(1)0.01＝6.63, SPF鸡X²和普通鸡X2均大于X²_{(1) 0.01}（P＜0.01）,由此表明抗IBDV独特型抗体疫苗具有很好的免疫原性,对易感日龄的SPF鸡和普通鸡均具有极其明显的保护作用。从而证实了抗IBDV独特型抗体疫苗有潜在的研究和应用价值。     

Persistence of Marek''s disease virus in a subpopulation of B cells that is transformed by avian leukosis virus, but not in normal bursal B cells.

Previous studies have described an augmentation of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced lymphoid leukosis in chickens that were coinfected with a serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain, SB-1. As a first step toward understanding the mechanism of this augmentation, we have analyzed the tropism of the MDV for the ALV-transformed B cell. After hatching, chickens were coinfected with ALV and a nonpathogenic strain of MDV, SB-1. Seventy primary and metastatic ALV-induced lymphomas that developed in chickens between 14 and 20 weeks of age were found, with only one exception, to carry SB-1 DNA. The MDV genome was maintained in cell lines derived from the tumors. However, MDV DNA could not be detected in nontransformed bursal B cells from chickens carrying ALV lymphomas. Moreover, during and after the lytic phase of MDV infection, SB-1 DNA was near or below the level of detection in bursal cells, suggesting that MDV most likely infects only a small subpopulation of bursal cells. By contrast, ALV-transformed B cells from MDV-free chickens could be persistently infected with MDV in vitro. These findings indicate that ALV lymphoma cells, unlike nontransformed bursal B cells, are susceptible to persistent MDV infection and can serve as a reservoir of MDV that can potentially influence the physiology of the transformed cell.     

Hymenolepis nana: passive transfer of mouse immunity by T-cell subset of phenotype Lyt-1

Mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from donor mice (BALB/c strain) actively immunized by oral inoculation with Hymenolepis nana eggs were syngeneically transferred by intravenous injection into athymic nude mice previously uninfected. The adoptively immunized recipients were then challenged with 1000 H. nana eggs 2 days after cell transfer. The degree of immunity transferred was assessed by examining cysticercoids developed in the intestinal villi of the recipients on Day 4 of challenge infection. The criterion for success in cell transfer of immunity was the complete rejection of cysticercoids as was generally expected in mice infected previously. The transfer of 1.5 X 10(8) immune mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from donors immunized 4 days before cell collection resulted invariably in the complete rejection of cysticercoids, though not less than this cell dosage. The immunity was passively transferable to recipients by T cells, especially by T-cell subset of phenotype Lyt-1 but not those of phenotype Lyt-2.3 and Lyt-1.2.3. However, 1.5 X 10(8) immune mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from donors immunized 21 days before cell transfer and 1.5 X 10(8) immune spleen cells obtained from donors immunized 4 days before cell transfer had little or no effect on the rejection of cysticercoids.     

Pathogenesis of virus-induced osteopetrosis in the chicken

Infection of chicken embryos with a nondefective avian leukosis virus MAV-2(0) induced bone hyperplasia and profound suppression of bursal and thymic lymphoid cell development within 2- to 3 weeks after hatching. A time-course study of infectivity during embryonal life showed a gradual loss of susceptibility between the 10th day of incubation and hatching. This finding suggests that an embryonal stem cell either before or early after seeding into the bone and primary lymphoid organs is a virus-susceptible target cell. Histologic observations of the bursa indicated only mild damage during the 1st week and severely impaired proliferation of follicular lymphoid cells during subsequent weeks of development. Thus, viral infection conferred a cytostatic rather than a cytolytic effect upon the lymphoid target cell. Infection of stem cells, which are progenitors of lymphoid cells as well as of bone osteoclasts, is compatible with the manifestations of the disease. A model of cellular disorders of the bone and lymphoid tissues is proposed. Adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from adult MAV-2(0)-immunized chickens into histocompatible virus-infected juvenile recipients abrogated the manifestation of osteopetrosis. Passive injection of antiserum containing virus-neutralizing antibodies was also effective. Anti-gp85 viral surface glycoprotein-binding antibodies in sera from adoptively protected chickens receiving immune cells were exclusively of cell donor IgG allotype.     

A novel method to bursectomize avian embryos and obtain quail----chick bursal chimeras. II. Immune response of bursectomized chicks and chimeras and post-natal rejection of the grafted quail bursas

Two methods to bursectomize chick embryos before hemopoietic cell seeding of the bursa of Fabricius were compared in this work: section of the tail region at E3 including the presumptive bursal territory, and selective removal of the bursa at E5. Hatching ability is better with the former method, but survival rate and effectiveness of bursectomy are favored with the second, novel technique. Moreover, selective removal of the bursa at E5 can be followed by in situ engraftment of a quail bursa and construction of quail-chick bursal chimeras. The immune response of bursaless birds and bursal chimeras has been studied. Total absence of the bursa does not prevent a few B cells from differentiating and nonspecific Ig (IgM and/or IgG) from being secreted. As reported previously, bursaless birds, however, are unable to mount an immune response by producing specific antibodies. This immune function is restored by the graft of a quail bursa. The microenvironment of the bursa, although heterospecific, allows the expansion of the B cell population and generates the repertoire of the B cell antigen receptors. This process takes place during late embryonic and early postnatal life because the grafted quail bursal stroma is subjected to immune rejection from 2 to 3 wk after birth in all chimeras, which are, however, perfectly immunocompetent.     

Protective Oral Vaccination against Infectious bursal disease virus Using the Major Viral Antigenic Protein VP2 Produced in Pichia pastoris

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes economically important immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. The self-assembling capsid protein (VP2) from IBDV strain IR01 was expressed in Pichia pastoris resulting in the formation of homomeric, 23-nm infectious bursal disease subviral particles (IBD-SVPs) with a yield of 76 mg/l before and 38 mg/l after purification. Anti-IBDV antibodies were detected in chickens injected with purified IBD-SVPs or fed with either purified IBD-SVPs or inactivated P. pastoris cells containing IBD-VP2 (cell-encapsulated). Challenge studies using the heterologous classical IBDV strain (MB3) showed that intramuscular vaccination with 20 µg purified IBD-SVPs conferred full protection, achieved complete virus clearance and prevented bursal damage and atrophy, compared with only 40% protection, 0–10% virus clearance accompanied by severe atrophy and substantial bursal damage in mock-vaccinated and challenge controls. The commercial IBDV vaccine also conferred full protection and achieved complete virus clearance, albeit with partial bursal atrophy. Oral administration of 500 µg purified IBD-SVPs with and without adjuvant conferred 100% protection but achieved only 60% virus clearance with adjuvant and none without it. Moderate bursal damage was observed in both cases but the inclusion of adjuvant resulted in bursal atrophy similar to that observed with live-attenuated vaccine and parenteral administration of 20 µg purified IBD-SVPs. The oral administration of 250 mg P. pastoris cells containing IBD-VP2 resulted in 100% protection with adjuvant and 60% without, accompanied by moderate bursal damage and atrophy in both groups, whereas 25 mg P. pastoris cells containing IBD-VP2 resulted in 90–100% protection with moderate bursal lesions and severe atrophy. Finally, the oral delivery of 50 µg purified IBD-SVPs achieved 40–60% protection with severe bursal lesions and atrophy. Both oral and parenteral administration of yeast-derived IBD-VP2 can therefore induce a specific and protective immune response against IBDV without affecting the growth rate of chickens.     

Ability of Lactococcus lactis to export viral capsid antigens: a crucial step for development of live vaccines

The food grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis is a potential vehicle for protein delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. As a model, we constructed lactococcal strains producing antigens of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). IBDV infects chickens and causes depletion of B-lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius and subsequent immunosuppression, morbidity, or acute mortality. The two major IBDV antigens, i.e., VP2 and VP3, that form the viral capsid were expressed and targeted to the cytoplasm, the cell wall, or the extracellular compartment of L. lactis. Whereas VP3 was successfully targeted to the three compartments by the use of relevant expression and export vectors, VP2 was recalcitrant to export, thus confirming the difficulty of translocating naturally nonsecreted proteins across the bacterial membrane. This defect could be partly overcome by fusing VP2 to a naturally secreted protein (the staphylococcal nuclease Nuc) that carried VP2 through the membrane. Lactococcal strains producing Nuc-VP2 and VP3 in various bacterial compartments were administered orally to chickens. The chickens did not develop any detectable immune response against VP2 and VP3 but did exhibit an immune response against Nuc when Nuc-VP2 was anchored to the cell wall of lactococci.     

Antigen modulation of the immune response. III. Evaluation of the hypothetical short-lived memory cell

The putative short-lived memory cells, whose existence has been suggested by the results of secondary adoptive transfer experiments, was investigated. On the basis of the following evidences we have concluded that the short-lived memory cell is probably an artifact of the adoptive transfer technique: (a) when immune thoracic duct lymphocytes, known to consist predominantly of long-lived memory cells, were transferred to irradiated recipients and challenged at various times after transfer, approximately 80–90% of the initial response was absent by Day 14 challenge; (b) Preirradiating adoptive recipients with increasing dose of X-irradiation tended to lengthen the observed half life of memory cells; (c) single or multiple treatments of immune donors with 0.3 mg Vinblastin before transfer resulted in neither a depression of the initial secondary response nor an alteration in the rate of decline of the memory potential; (d) reconstitution of irradiated hosts with normal spleen cells one day before transfer of memory cells and challenge resulted in inhibition of the adoptive secondary response; and (e) the transfer of memory cells to antigen free intermediate hosts, in which they were allowed to reside for one day or fourteen days before transfer to irradiated recipients, resulted in only a slight decline in their capacity to respond.We propose that the rapid decline of memory potential in adoptive recipients challenged at various times after transfer is due to modulating effects by the hosts as it recovers from irradiation. These effects may be the result of cell crowding or the loss of irradiation-produced stimulatory factors. The relevance of these findings to adoptive transfer systems in general and the secondary response of intact animals is discussed.     

Characteristics of bursal T lymphocytes induced by infectious bursal disease virus

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an avian lymphotropic virus that causes immunosuppression. When specific-pathogen-free chickens were exposed to a pathogenic strain of IBDV (IM), the virus rapidly destroyed B cells in the bursa of Fabricius. Extensive viral replication was accompanied by an infiltration of T cells in the bursa. We studied the characteristics of intrabursal T lymphocytes in IBDV-infected chickens and examined whether T cells were involved in virus clearance. Flow cytometric analysis of single-cell suspensions of the bursal tissue revealed that T cells were first detectable at 4 days postinoculation (p.i.). At 7 days p.i., 65% of bursal cells were T cells and 7% were B cells. After virus infection, the numbers of bursal T cells expressing activation markers Ia and CD25 were significantly increased (P<0.03). In addition, IBDV-induced bursal T cells produced elevated levels of interleukin-6-like factor and nitric oxide-inducing factor in vitro. Spleen and bursal cells of IBDV-infected chickens had upregulated gamma interferon gene expression in comparison with virus-free chickens. In IBDV-infected chickens, bursal T cells proliferated in vitro upon stimulation with purified IBDV in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.02), whereas virus-specific T-cell expansion was not detected in the spleen. Cyclosporin A treatment, which reduced the number of circulating T cells and compromised T-cell mitogenesis, increased viral burden in the bursae of IBDV-infected chickens. The results suggest that intrabursal T cells and T-cell-mediated responses may be important in viral clearance and promoting recovery from infection.     

Ability of Lactococcus lactis To Export Viral Capsid Antigens: a Crucial Step for Development of Live Vaccines

Thefood grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis is a potential vehicle for protein delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. As a model, we constructed lactococcal strains producing antigens of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). IBDV infects chickens and causes depletion of B-lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius and subsequent immunosuppression, morbidity, or acute mortality. The two major IBDV antigens, i.e., VP2 and VP3, that form the viral capsid were expressed and targeted to the cytoplasm, the cell wall, or the extracellular compartment of L. lactis. Whereas VP3 was successfully targeted to the three compartments by the use of relevant expression and export vectors, VP2 was recalcitrant to export, thus confirming the difficulty of translocating naturally nonsecreted proteins across the bacterial membrane. This defect could be partly overcome by fusing VP2 to a naturally secreted protein (the staphylococcal nuclease Nuc) that carried VP2 through the membrane. Lactococcal strains producing Nuc-VP2 and VP3 in various bacterial compartments were administered orally to chickens. The chickens did not develop any detectable immune response against VP2 and VP3 but did exhibit an immune response against Nuc when Nuc-VP2 was anchored to the cell wall of lactococci.     

Delayed hypersensitivity in mice infected with reovirus. I. Identification of host and viral gene products responsible for the immune response

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) can be demonstrated in mice infected with reovirus by challenging primed animals in the footpad with virus. Maximal responses occur 7 days after immunization with as little as 10(5) viral particles. DTH to reovirus is transferable by lymph node cells and is mediated by T cells as the transfer of reactivity can be abrogated by treatment of cells with anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement. DTH to reovirus is serotype specific, animals infected with reovirus type 1 or 3 only develop DTH responses when challenged with the same serotype with which they were infected. Using recombinant viral clones containing genes from both parental serotypes, we have demonstrated that the S1 gene, the gene encoding the viral hemagglutinin, determines serotype specificity. Furthermore, in adoptive transfer experiments between mice of varying histocompatibility backgrounds, it was found that D or K, IA-IB region identity was required for the transfer of reactivity. These studies demonstrate that specific host and viral genes determine the in vivo cellular immune response to reovirus and should allow a more precise definition of the host cellular immune response to viral antigens.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒 VP2/4/3-ChIL-2融合基因DNA疫苗免疫原性研究

应用重叠延伸剪切技术(splicing by overlapping extension,SOE),经3次PCR将传染性法氏囊病病毒(infectiousbursal disease virus,IBDV)多聚蛋白(VP2/4/3)基因和鸡白细胞介素2(Chicken IL-2,ChIL-2)基因进行融合,定向插入真核表达载体pCI的CMV启动子下游,获得重组质粒pCI-VP2/4/3-IL-2和pCI-IL-2-VP2/4/3。将其制备成DNA疫苗,肌肉注射14日龄非免疫鸡,2周后加强免疫,定期测定鸡抗IBDV血清ELISA抗体效价及病毒中和抗体效价。加强免疫后3周用IBDV标准强毒株攻击,连续观察3天后全部扑杀,计算保护率及囊体比,并进行组织病理学检查。结果表明:1)融合基因重组质粒pCI-VP2/4/3-IL-2、pCI-IL-2-VP2/4/3免疫后能明显增强IBDVDNA疫苗对强毒的攻击保护(保护率分别为83.3%、91.6%),显著高于pCI-VP2/4/3单独免疫对照组(58.3%);2)诱导产生的抗IBDV血清ELISA抗体效价明显增高(P<0.05),同时能提高DNA疫苗诱导产生的中和抗体效价(P<0.05);3)能显著促进鸡外周血液T淋巴细胞增殖反应。上述结果提示:IBDV VP2/4/3与ChIL-2基因融合后发挥了相互协同作用,ChIL-2产生了分子免疫佐剂效应;融合基因DNA疫苗能增强IBDV DNA疫苗的免疫原性,促进了机体特异性免疫应答。     

禽呼肠孤病毒感染对鸡法氏囊及免疫应答的影响

研究LY株禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)感染1日龄SPF鸡后对法氏囊发育影响,对传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)疫苗免疫诱发的抗体的影响,及对强毒株IBDV致病作用的影响。结果表明,LY株ARV感染1日龄SPF鸡可引起法氏囊萎缩和部分淋巴细胞减少,但对增重及AIV和NDV疫苗免疫后抗体滴度却没有显著影响。ARV感染可降低弱毒IBDV疫苗免疫后的抗体反应,但对随后IBDV强毒株攻毒的抵抗力却与对照鸡无显著差异。经IBDV弱毒疫苗免疫后,再接种强毒株IBDV,不会引起死亡,但却仍能显著抑制对AIV、NDV疫苗免疫后的抗体滴度。然而,对于1~7日龄经ARV感染的鸡,IBDV强毒的这种免疫抑制作用又显著低于未经ARV感染的对照鸡。     

Impact of coccidial infection on vaccine- and vvIBDV in lymphoid tissues of SPF chickens as detected by RT-PCR

Background  

This study aimed at investigating a potential effect caused by coccidia on the immune response to vaccine- and very virulent infectious bursal disase virus (vvIBDV) in SPF chickens.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株GX8/99株的致病性

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)超强毒株GX8/99,系1999年从广西一自然发病鸡群采集到.用原始病鸡法氏囊悬液连续3次人工感染SPF鸡后,再取其法氏囊制备悬液,分装,在-70℃保存.以此悬液经卵黄囊接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,测定鸡胚的半数致死量(ELD50).随着鸡的日龄和接种剂量的不同,其致死率有很大差异.对28～30日龄SPF鸡,病毒接种量为200个ELD50时,感染后7日内死亡率最高可达73%～90.5%(11/15和19/21);感染量为20个ELD50时,死亡率亦可达53%～92%(8/15和23/25).以500个ELD50感染28～104日龄的SPF鸡,死亡率均在55.1%～67.2%;甚至113～120日龄的SPF鸡,感染后仍有10%～15%致死率.但128日龄的SPF鸡感染后既不引起死亡也不表现任何症状,但抗体全部转阳.人工接种发病死亡的鸡,其法氏囊的出血程度也随感染量和年龄而异.50日龄鸡接种2000个ELD50后,死亡的鸡100%(12/12)法氏囊严重出血;而40日龄鸡感染200个ELD50后,死亡鸡中仅17%(3/18)发生出血.在2、3、4周龄带有母源抗体的商品代蛋鸡,以2000个ELD50病毒接种后,只引起10%(2/20)、35%(7/20)和35%(7/20)的死亡率.但在5周龄商品代蛋鸡,仅接触感染的致死率可达61.3%(98/160).另一批商品代蛋鸡,在4周龄和5周龄人工接种200个ELD50病毒后,死亡率分别是81.6%～94.3%(62/76～33/35)和93.9%～94%(31/33～47/50).通过总共1200多羽鸡的试验表明,GX-8/99株是一个超强毒IBDV毒株,表现为高死亡率(最高可达94%),易感年龄延长至4月龄,中枢性免疫器官法氏囊出血严重和胸腺明显萎缩.     

Antigenic markers on mouse lymphoid cells: origin of cells mediating immunologic memory

Specific antisera were used for the purification of thymus dependent and thymus independent or bursa equivalent lymphoid cells in the mouse. Spleen cells from mice immune to sheep erythrocytes, a thymus dependent antigen, or to E. coli 055:B5 lipopolysaccharide, a thymus independent antigen, were treated with anti-θ (C3H) serum or anti-MBLA serum and complement prior to their adoptive transfer into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. Syngeneic thymocytes, bone marrow cells, or spleen cells from nonimmune donors were appropriately added to antiserum treated cells prior to transfer. The secondary response to these antigens was assayed in recipient spleens six days after cell transfer. The kinetics of the primary response to SRBC was investigated as to its effect on origin of specific hyper-reactive T or B lymphoid cells.The adoptive response to CPS originated in the B lymphoid cell population. Immunologic memory to CPS was demonstrated in recipients of immune cells, compared to recipients of normal cells, by a five fold increase in antibody forming cells.The IgM and IgG adoptive immune response to high doses of SRBC depended upon an increased number of specifically hyper-reactive T-lymphoid cells to facilitate cooperation between T and B lymphocytes. High doses of SRBC initially stimulated T cell memory but at 42 days after priming an increased number of specifically hyper-reactive B lymphoid cells were present.