利用离体叶片鉴定杨树耐盐潜力

以受体杨树107和转基因杨树18-1的一年生枝条为材料,采用Hoagland营养液水培方法,添加不同浓度的NaCl,检测二者植株生长以及叶中Na＋和K＋含量的变化。结果表明,在0.6%NaCl处理下18-1生根率明显高于107,生物量较大,叶片中Na＋积累量是107的1.45倍左右。以107和18-1离体叶片为材料,NaCl处理下测定其生理活性指标,发现18-1叶盘的失绿速度和相对电导率都显著低于107叶盘。把离体叶片接种在改良MS培养基上,1.2%NaCl处理可使107叶盘几乎停止伸长,细胞大小不再增加;而18-1叶盘培养7天后伸长了近50%。以上结果表明利用离体叶片可以鉴定出不同基因型杨树的耐盐潜力。     

诺丽叶片的离体再生

以诺丽(Morinda citrifolia)叶片为外植体,在添加不同激素种类和浓度的MS培养基上进行离体培养,建立两种离体再生模式:模式Ⅰ为先脱分化愈伤组织,再分化不定根和不定芽;模式Ⅱ为直接培养生根后分化不定芽。结果表明:在模式Ⅰ中,诱导诺丽叶片产生愈伤组织的最优培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+2.0mg·L~(-1)2,4-D;诱导叶片愈伤组织再分化出不定根和不定芽的最优培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.4 mg·L~(-1) NAA或MS+2.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.4 mg·L~(-1) NAA,其中MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.4 mg·L~(-1) NAA生根时间最早为10 d左右,根系较发达,而MS+2.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.4 mg·L~(-1) NAA生根时间在15 d左右,根系发达。在模式Ⅱ中,诱导叶片直接生根长芽的培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.4 mg·L~(-1) NAA。将模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅱ中,完成诺丽叶片离体再生的苗切下后接种到MS+0.2 mg·L~(-1) NAA培养基中诱导生根,15 d左右分化出不定根,45 d获得完整植株。该研究结果为后续的遗传转化和基因改良研究奠定了基础。     

苹果叶片离体培养研究

用帝国、自由、富士、嘎拉、金冠、乔纳金、Ｊｏｎａｓｔｙ、红乔纳金、解放、皇家嘎拉１０个苹果品种的试管苗、切取叶块作离体培养试验。枝条的再生程序是：０．０５ｃｍ＾２大小的叶块,在再生培养基上,黑暗下培养两周时间,首先从叶切块基部的中脉处形成愈伤组织,然后是侧脉和其它部分陆续形成愈伤组织;经两击黑暗处理后,再在光照下培养约两周时间,就能从愈伤组织上开始生出枝条。再生能力的大小受品种基因型所左右,Ｊｏｎ     

果树离体叶片培养再生研究进展

从基本培养基的选择、外植体的选择、培养条件、激素和其它添加物的影响等方面综述了有关的研究成果,并提出了存在问题及今后的研究方向。     

樱桃砧木Colt离体叶片再生

以樱桃砧木Colt试管苗的叶片为外植体,通过先诱导愈伤组织分不定芽以及叶片直接分化不定芽两种途径诱导再生,结果表明,在MS附NAA1．0mg/L、KT3．0mg/L、ZT0．25mg/L培养基中,愈伤诱导率可达100％;诱导的愈伤MS附加NAA0．2mg/L、IAA0．5mg/L、6－BA0．5mg/L、KT1．0mg/L,GA0．5mg/L培养基中,不定芽分化率为21．3％,在MS附加6-BA6．0mg/L、NAA1．0mg/L、GA0．5mg/L中,叶片一叶柄不定芽诱导率可达48．3％。     

樱桃砧木Colt离体叶片再生

以樱桃砧木Colt试管苗的叶片为外植体 ,通过先诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽以及叶片直接分化不定芽两种途径诱导再生。结果表明 :在MS附加NAA 1 0mg/L、KT3 0mg/L、ZT0 2 5mg/L培养基中 ,愈伤诱导率可达 1 0 0 % ;诱导的愈伤在MS附加NAA 0 2mg/L、IAA0 5mg/L、6 BA 0 5mg/L、KT 1 0mg/L、GA 0 5mg/L培养基中 ,不定芽分化率为 2 1 3% ;在MS附加 6 BA 6 0mg/L、NAA 1 0mg/L、GA 0 5mg/L中 ,叶片 -叶柄不定芽诱导率可达 48 3%。     

小麦单倍体叶片的离体培养

采用禾本科植物叶片进行组织培养,诱导 再生植株,目前国内已有成功的报道〔主,”。我们 于1980-1983年对小麦单倍体试管绿苗的叶 片进行离体培养,诱导出愈伤组织,并分化出绿 苗。经移栽加倍,获得结实单株。对其后代经 多代种植观察,表现整齐一致,性状稳定。     

花椰菜叶片离体培养成植株

植物名称:花椰菜(Brassica oleracea Var.botrytis)品种为荷兰雪球。材料类别:叶片。由花椰菜种子经无菌萌发成苗,当幼苗长有2～3片真叶时,取幼嫩叶片作培养材料。培养条件:以修改后的MS培养基为基本培养基,每升附加 NAA 0.005mg,BA 1.0mg,蔗糖 30g,     

枣叶片离体培养再生植株

PlantletRegenerationfromLeavesCulturesofZizyphusiuiubaCHENZong－Li,YANZhi－Lian,QILong（Denyt17mllofmp,You’onl／nll＊,ndy,Yan’as716000）1植物名称枣（凯W…。Wwi）。2材料类别俗名“狗头枣”的无菌试管苗的叶片。3培养条件（l）叶片愈伤组织诱导及继代培养基：MS＋6－BA0．3mg／L（单位下同）＋2,4D20;（2）芽分化培养基：MS＋6－BAI．0＋IBA0．2＋D一泛酸钙1．0十活性发0．5％;（3）芽生长培养基：1／2MS＋6－BA0．2＋IAA0．04＋D一泛酸钙1．0;（4）芽增殖培养基：1／2MS＋6－BA0．4＋IAA0．0…     

应用离体叶片法鉴定棉花种质抗螨性的研究

应用离体叶片法,对9个棉花种质进行了鉴定,试验结果表明;种质间抗生性和忌避性差异显著;同株棉花不同部位的叶片对朱砂叶螨的抗生性无显著性差异。通过对叶螨在不同棉花种质上种群增长动态进行系统聚类,可将9个棉花种质划分为3类:斯字棉825-91、杞县86789、鄂棉314、苏联8911为1类,中棉164、潼南接龙棉、新库861517-2、南农NAC90-2为1类,美棉7-15独立为1类。依据朱砂叶螨在不同种质上的种群增长曲线和高峰期螨量增长倍数,可将9个种质划分为3个类型;斯字棉825-91、新库861517-2为抗性类型,潼南接龙棉、美棉7-15、南农NAC90-2为感性类型,其余为中抗类型。从忌避性看:斯字棉825-91、美棉7-15表现出较高的忌避性。     

Abscisic Acid Reduces Leaf Abscission and Increases Salt Tolerance in Citrus Plants

This paper describes the physiological effects of abscisic acid (ABA) and 100 mM NaCl on citrus plants. Water potential, leaf abscission, ethylene production, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and chloride accumulation in roots and leaves were measured in plants of Salustiana scion [Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck] grafted onto Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf) rootstock. Plants under salt stress accumulated high amounts of chloride, increased ethylene production, and induced leaf abscission. Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rates rapidly dropped after salinization. The addition of 10 mM ABA to the nutrient solution 10 days before the exposure to salt stress reduced ethylene release and leaf abscission. These effects were probably due to a decrease in the accumulation of toxic Cl- ions in leaves. In non-salinized plants, ABA reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation, whereas in salinized plants the treatment slightly increased these two parameters. The results suggest a protective role for ABA in citrus under salinity.     

转基因杨树的抗盐性分析

以转1磷酸甘露糖醇脱氢酶基因的八里庄杨为试材,对获得的杨树转化体进行了不同NaCl梯度的组织培养、水培和盆栽试验。抗盐试验中,转基因八里庄杨比对照的始分化天、分化率、芽头密度、苗高、生长势、生根率明显得到提高;主根数、侧根数、根长的发生数量均较多。结果表明在4‰含盐量的基质上,转基因苗木比对照有更好的抗性。      

Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants

Agricultural productivity worldwide is subject to increasing environmental constraints, particularly to drought and salinity due to their high magnitude of impact and wide distribution. Traditional breeding programs trying to improve abiotic stress tolerance have had some success, but are limited by the multigenic nature of the trait. Tolerant plants such as Craterostigma plantagenium, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Thellungiella halophila and other hardy plants could be valuable tools to dissect the extreme tolerance nature. In the last decade, Arabidopsis thaliana, a genetic model plant, has been extensively used for unravelling the molecular basis of stress tolerance. Arabidopsis also proved to be extremely important for assessing functions for individual stress-associated genes due to the availability of knock-out mutants and its amenability for genetic transformation. In this review, the responses of plants to salt and water stress are described, the regulatory circuits which allow plants to cope with stress are presented, and how the present knowledge can be applied to obtain tolerant plants is discussed.     

Brassinosteroids Confer Tolerance to Salt Stress in Eucalyptus urophylla Plants Enhancing Homeostasis,Antioxidant Metabolism and Leaf Anatomy

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - The sodium ion (Na+) is potentially toxic to plants because it can cause K+/Na+ imbalances, oxidative stress and negatively affect growth. Brassinosteroids...     

植物耐盐性研究进展

土壤盐渍化是影响农业生产和生态环境的严重问题,耕地的减少和淡水资源的不足将迫使人类开发和利用大面积的盐碱地、海岸带和滩涂地带,植物耐盐的机理和耐盐植物的培育研究将成为研究的热点。本文就植物的耐盐性、植物中各种渗透调节剂及植物耐盐相关基因等方面近十年的研究进展作一概要的评价 。     

Salt Tolerance and Crop Potential of Halophytes

Although they represent only 2% of terrestrial plant species, halophytes are present in about half the higher plant families and represent a wide diversity of plant forms. Despite their polyphyletic origins, halophytes appear to have evolved the same basic method of osmotic adjustment: accumulation of inorganic salts, mainly NaCl, in the vacuole and accumulation of organic solutes in the cytoplasm. Differences between halophyte and gly-cophyte ion transport systems are becoming apparent. The pathways by which Na⁺ and Cl^? enters halophyte cells are not well understood but may involve ion channels and pinocytosis, in addition to Na⁺ and Cl^? transporters. Na⁺ uptake into vacuoles requires Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters in the tonoplast and H⁺ ATPases and perhaps PP_i ases to provide the proton motive force. Tonoplast antiporters are constitutive in halophytes, whereas they must be activated by NaCl in salt-tolerant glycophytes, and they may be absent from salt-sensitive glycophytes. Halophyte vacuoles may have a modified lipid composition to prevent leakage of Na⁺ back to the cytoplasm. Becuase of their diversity, halophytes have been regarded as a rich source of potential new crops. Halophytes have been tested as vegetable, forage, and oilseed crops in agronomic field trials. The most productive species yield 10 to 20 ton/ha of biomass on seawater irrigation, equivalent to conventional crops. The oilseed halophyte, Sali-cornia bigelovii, yields 2?t/ha of seed containing 28% oil and 31% protein, similar to soybean yield and seed quality. Halophytes grown on seawater require a leaching fraction to control soil salts, but at lower salinities they outperform conventional crops in yield and water use efficiency. Halophyte forage and seed products can replace conventional ingredients in animal feeding systems, with some restrictions on their use due to high salt content and antinutritional compounds present in some species. Halophytes have applications in recycling saline agricultural wastewater and reclaiming salt-affected soil in arid-zone irrigation districts.     

盐生植物耐盐分子机制的研究进展

盐生植物是研究植物耐盐分子机制和分离耐盐基因的良好材料,可以反映植物对盐胁迫的适应策略。综述盐生植物响应盐胁迫的转录因子、渗透平衡调节、离子平衡调节、氧化还原平衡调节、光合作用调节及代谢变化,反映盐生植物在多个方面适应盐胁迫的策略。此外,还对盐生植物耐盐分子机制的研究前景作了展望。     

转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因植物的耐盐性研究

将山菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（ＢＡＤＨ）基因经农杆菌介导转入草莓、烟草,转基因植株中该基因的转录水平、ＢＡＤＨ活性及耐盐性均明显高于对照,膜的相对电导率和大分子渗漏值说明在盐胁迫下转基因植株的膜结构所受损伤小于对照。