鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原的制备及其免疫保护效果的研究

为制备鼠疫耶尔森氏菌F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原,观察其免疫原性和免疫保护效果,通过疏水层析、阴离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析纯化鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原.用氢氧化铝凝胶吸附制备试验性鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原,皮下接种健康BALB/c小鼠,ELISA检测血清F1-V抗体效价、MTT法测定淋巴细胞增殖能力,进一步用400LD50鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141标准毒株皮下攻毒,观察动物的存活情况.通过三步柱层析纯化获得的鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原纯度达到90%以上.氢氧化铝凝胶吸附的鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠三次,血清抗F1-V抗体效价为1∶(51200±800),对耶尔森氏菌141强毒株攻击的保护率是90%.上述结果表明,制备的鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原具有良好的免疫原性和免疫保护效果,为研制鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白疫苗奠定了基础.     

鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗原的性质研究

鼠疫菌F1抗原是鼠疫亚单位新疫苗最重要的候选抗原,对其性质的充分认识,将有助于抗原制造工艺和新疫苗的开发。F1抗原的性质研究包括:微观结构,一级核苷酸、氨基酸序列,二级结构,高分子聚集形态,以及F1抗原的理化性质。     

中试规模纯化重组鼠疫rF1-V融合蛋白及其免疫原性分析

重组F1-V融合蛋白(rF1-V)是目前在进行临床研究的鼠疫亚单位疫苗的主要成分。本研究摸索了rF1-V的可溶表达条件,并对条件进行了优化和放大,确定的中试发酵工艺为:在重组菌对数生长期中期加入50μmol/LIPTG,25℃诱导表达5h。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、离子交换、疏水相互作用层析和凝胶过滤四步纯化,最终得到纯度为99%、回收率大于20%且各项检测指标合格的蛋白。在此基础上,将蛋白使用氢氧化铝佐剂进行吸附,在小鼠体内进行了免疫原性研究。ELISA测定两次皮下免疫后血清的抗体滴度。比较融合蛋白免疫组(rF1-V)与单一抗原免疫组(rF1、rV)以及联合抗原免疫组(rF1+rV)之间体液免疫反应的差异。结果显示:20μgrF1-V免疫剂量组诱导的抗F1抗体滴度明显高于其他组,抗V抗体滴度与其他组相比没有显著差异。表明本工艺制备的rF1-V抗原有望作为鼠疫亚单位疫苗的主要组分。     

新型鼠疫疫苗F1抗原原液性质的研究

目的新型鼠疫疫苗包含鼠疫减毒菌EV株培养提取的天然F1抗原。研究生理氯化钠溶液中F1抗原的生物与理化性质、结构概况及聚合状态等特性,以期对F1抗原的制备、质量控制及其免疫原性研究提供理论依据。方法①过碘酸-希夫(PAS)染色法、糖蛋白碳水化合物估测试剂盒鉴定F1抗原是否为糖蛋白,蒽酮-硫酸法定量测定F1抗原中多糖含量,基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术测定F1抗原单体相对分子质量并与理论值差异比对,间接证明F1抗原是否糖基化;②高效分子排阻色谱法联用多角度激光散射(HPSEC-MALLS)法研究保存于生理氯化钠溶液中F1抗原的天然聚集状态;③搜索GeneBank获得鼠疫菌F1抗原的核苷酸序列,经DNAStar软件翻译出氨基酸序列,并通过肽段覆盖率验证成熟F1抗原的氨基酸序列,以圆二色谱试验结合K2D2软件推测二级结构,MALDI-TOF-MS测定单体相对分子质量。结果①鉴定出F1抗原单体相对分子质量为15 500的蛋白质,不含有多糖成分;②F1抗原的相对分子质量分布范围在10~6～10~7之间,呈现聚集状态;③F1抗原由149个氨基酸组成,单体相对分子质量为15 500,F1抗原的二级结构以β-sheet为主。结论新型鼠疫疫苗中F1抗原为不含多糖成分的蛋白质,天然状态下F1抗原以高分子聚集态存在,F1抗原单体相对分子质量为15 500,抗原结构性质稳定,与理论结果一致。在制造、检定和免疫学研究中应参考F1抗原的这些特性。     

鼠疫菌F1抗体/抗原酶联免疫诊断试剂盒的应用评价

目的对兰州生物制品研究所有限责任公司研制的鼠疫菌F1抗体酶联免疫诊断试剂盒和鼠疫菌F1抗原酶联免疫诊断试剂盒进行临床应用评价。方法采用双抗原/抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、间接血球凝集试验(IHA)、胶体金免疫层析试验(GICA)3种方法的诊断试剂对比检测云南省地方病防治所中心实验室保藏的和现场采集的血清样品和脏器样品,对血清样品做鼠疫菌F1抗体检测,对脏器样品做鼠疫菌F1抗原检测。结果在358份血清样品中,ELISA试剂检出F1抗体阳性52份(14.52%),IHA试剂检出阳性37份(10.34%),GICA试剂检出阳性45份(12.57%)。ELISA与IHA试剂的符合率为95.23%,与GICA试剂的符合率为96.92%。经统计学χ2检验,ELISA试剂检出F1抗体阳性率高于IHA试剂(χ2=11.53,P=0.000 7),与GICA试剂检出的差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.27,P=0.070 4)。进一步分析滴度差值频数,ELISA试剂检测人血清的敏感性高于IHA试剂的样品占87.5%。在117份脏器样品中,3种试剂均检出F1抗原阳性15份(12.82%),符合率100%。滴度差值频数比较,ELISA试剂检测敏感性高于反向间接血球凝集试验(RIHA)试剂的样品为78.57%。结论兰州生物制品研究所有限责任公司研制的鼠疫菌F1抗体酶联免疫诊断试剂盒和鼠疫菌F1抗原酶联免疫诊断试剂盒性质特异,其敏感性优于IHA试剂盒和GICA试剂条,值得在鼠疫的监测和快速诊断中推广应用。     

泛素与EB病毒核抗原1融合基因的DNA免疫研究

构建了EB病毒核抗原1(EBNA1)基因的表达质粒pCI-EBNA1和泛素(ubiquitin,Ub)与EBNA1融合基因的表达质粒pCI-Ub-EBNA1.间接免疫荧光和Western blot分析表明,两重组质粒转染HeLa细胞后均能瞬时表达.两种质粒DNA肌肉注射免疫Balb/C小鼠后,分别检测小鼠血清抗EBNA1的抗体和特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应,比较单基因与融合基因DNA免疫所诱生免疫应答的强度.结果显示:二者诱生抗体的效率无明显差别,但泛素的融合使得针对EBNA1的特异性CTL反应明显增强.     

抗鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗原单克隆抗体对小鼠的被动免疫保护作用

目的研究抗鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗原单克隆抗体(单抗)被动免疫BALB/c小鼠后的抗鼠疫保护效果,确认鼠疫抗体治疗依据,探索鼠疫免疫学治疗的评价手段。方法将BALB/c小鼠随机分组,用不同剂量的抗鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗原单抗4C6和2D2分别进行免疫,再分别用不同剂量的鼠疫强毒菌攻击,通过小鼠的存活率和存活时间,判定F1单抗免疫小鼠被动保护其抵抗鼠疫强毒菌攻击的有效性和剂量相关性。结果在14 d的观察期内,在100.0 MLD鼠疫强毒菌攻击下,4C6单抗400.0μg组、200.0μg组、100.0μg组、50.0μg组和25.0μg组小鼠的存活率分别为100%、83%、50%、50%和0%,平均存活时间分别为15.00 d、14.67 d、13.00 d、13.50 d和9.67 d;2D2单抗400.0μg组、200.0μg组、100.0μg组、50.0μg组、25.0μg组小鼠的存活率分别为83%、50%、50%、33%和0%,平均存活时间分别为14.83 d、13.33 d、12.67 d、12.33 d和8.00 d。在10.0 MLD鼠疫强毒菌攻击下,4C6单抗50.0μg组、25.0μg组和12.5μg组小鼠的存活率分别为83%、83%和17%,平均存活时间分别为14.17 d、14.50 d、9.83 d;2D2单抗50.0μg组、25.0μg组、12.5μg组小鼠的存活率分别为100%、33%和33%,平均存活时间分别为15.00 d、12.33d和11.67 d。2.0 MLD和1.0 MLD攻击的未免疫对照组小鼠全部死亡,平均存活时间分别为6.1 d和6.7 d。F1抗原单抗的免疫剂量与小鼠的平均存活时间和存活率有比较明显的相关性(P<0.05)。结论用抗鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗原单抗被动免疫小鼠,在受到鼠疫强毒菌攻击时,对小鼠具有免疫保护作用。     

F1-V重组亚单位疫苗对鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141强毒株皮下攻毒保护性的研究

在此实验中, 设计了一种包含2种成分的重组融合蛋白作为疫苗成分来防护鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia)可能产生的生物威胁. 重组F1-V蛋白与铝佐剂结合, 分别以10, 20, 50 mg剂量免疫BALB/C小鼠, 周期为2个月. 检测小鼠血清抗体水平和T辅助细胞的亚型. 免疫后小鼠以25~600 LD₅₀剂量的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141强毒株进行皮下攻毒实验. 结果证明, F1-V重组蛋白在 小鼠体内诱导产生足够保护的免疫应答. 血清IgG水平是产生最终保护力的一个重要因素. 20 μg的免疫剂量可以诱导血清抗体效价高达51200, 使小鼠对400 LD50的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌产生100%的保护. F1-V重组蛋白引发的抗体亚型主要为IgG1类, 说明抗体反应趋向Th2型反应. 流式细胞分析表明, 铝佐剂主要帮助F1-V重组融合蛋白诱导强烈的体液免疫而不是CTL细胞免疫应答.表明F1-V重组亚单位疫苗株有希望成为一种新型的鼠疫疫苗候选株.     

重组鼠疫菌F1抗原的纯化及其在ELISA检测鼠疫免疫中的应用

从表达rF1抗原的大肠杆菌中以Superdex-200凝胶过滤层析纯化rF1抗原,电泳扫描显示纯化率>90%。SDS-PAGE及琼脂免疫双扩散结果显示纯化的rF1抗原具天然F1抗原的活性。将此纯化的rF1抗原用于间接ELISA分析免疫动物血清中抗F1抗体的水平,并与天然F1抗原相比较,证明rF1抗原优于天然F1抗原分析结果,可用于鼠疫的血清学检测。     

含EB病毒核抗原1重组腺病毒的构建及其在小鼠中免疫效果研究

构建含EB病毒核抗原1(ebna1)重组腺病毒疫苗防治鼻咽癌,并为鼻咽癌疫苗的研究提供药效学资料。PCR法扩增B95-8细胞株中ebna1的C-端部分片段,EcoRI和BglⅡ酶切后插入pDC316穿梭质粒,ebna1片段测序比对正确后,与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHG共转染293细胞。收集病变后细胞,通过流式细胞仪和Western blot检测EBNA1在293细胞中的表达。电镜下观察所获得的病毒颗粒大小,TCID50法确定重组腺病毒滴度。以2×108 VP/只的rAd-ebna1免疫BALB/c小鼠。在免疫结束后的第1、2、4和8周检测小鼠体内EBNA1特异性细胞免疫应答的水平变化。结果显示,经PCR扩增获得约900bp ebna1目的片段,测序结果与标准株序列一致,质粒共转染293细胞后,细胞出现病变,获得含EB病毒核抗原1重组腺病毒(rAd-ebna1),流式细胞仪和Western blot检测结果证实,ebna1在细胞中正确转录表达,收获病毒二代滴度可达108 TCID50/mL。rAd-ebna1免疫小鼠后,能够激活EBNA1的CD4+T细胞特异性细胞免疫应答。本实验成功构建了含ebna1片段的重组腺病毒,并具激活CD4+T细胞免疫应答活性。     

Protection against lethal subcutaneous challenge of virulent Y. pestis strain 141 using an F1-V subunit vaccine

In this study, we designed and engineered a two-component recombinant fusion protein antigen as a vaccine candidate against the possible biological threat of Yersinia pestis. The recombinant F1-V pro-tein was formulated with Alhydrogel. A four-time injection with a dosage of 10, 20 and 50 μg/mouse in about two months was adopted for vaccination. Serum antibodies and subclass of T helper cells were measured and analyzed. After the final vaccination, the mice were challenged by 141 strain with 25― 600 LD50. In conclusion, the recombinant vaccine was capable of inducing protective immunity against subcutaneous challenge. The level of serum IgG was supposed to be a main factor that affected the final protection of challenge. 20 μg recombinant protein could induce an endpoint titre of serum IgG as high as 51200, which was enough to afford 100% protection against 400 LD50 virulent 141 challenge. The antibody isotype analysis showed that the vaccine induced predominantly an IgG1 rather than IgG2a response. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Alhydrogel significantly helped induce a stronger humoral immunity instead of CTL cellular response. These findings suggested that the plague F1-V subunit vaccine is promising for the next plague vaccine.     

Protection against lethal subcutaneous challenge of virulent <Emphasis Type="Italic">Y. pestis</Emphasis> strain 141 using an F1-V subunit vaccine

In this study, we designed and engineered a two-component recombinant fusion protein antigen as a vaccine candidate against the possible biological threat of Yersinia pestis. The recombinant F1-V protein was formulated with Alhydrogel. A four-time injection with a dosage of 10, 20 and 50 μg/mouse in about two months was adopted for vaccination. Serum antibodies and subclass of T helper cells were measured and analyzed. After the final vaccination, the mice were challenged by 141 strain with 25–600 LD₅₀. In conclusion, the recombinant vaccine was capable of inducing protective immunity against subcutaneous challenge. The level of serum IgG was supposed to be a main factor that affected the final protection of challenge. 20 μg recombinant protein could induce an endpoint titre of serum IgG as high as 51200, which was enough to afford 100% protection against 400 LD₅₀ virulent 141 challenge. The antibody isotype analysis showed that the vaccine induced predominantly an IgG1 rather than IgG2a response. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Alhydrogel significantly helped induce a stronger humoral immunity instead of CTL cellular response. These findings suggested that the plague F1-V subunit vaccine is promising for the next plague vaccine.     

基于rV270抗原的鼠疫多孔微球疫苗的制备及其免疫保护作用评价

目的：评价生物可降解高分子材料多孔微球作为鼠疫亚单位疫苗佐剂的可行性。方法：制备可生物降解的高分子材料多孔微球,将rV270抗原蛋白吸附到多孔微球中制备微球疫苗,肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,初次免疫后21d加强免疫1次,于初次免疫后第10周用600LD50鼠疫耶尔森氏菌攻毒,攻毒后观察14d。结果：攻毒后,微球疫苗免疫的小鼠全部存活,且健康状况良好,对照组小鼠几乎全部死亡。结论：生物可降解多孔微球可作为免疫佐剂用于鼠疫亚单位疫苗研制。     

A comparison of immunogenicity and protective immunity against experimental plague by intranasal and/or combined with oral immunization of mice with attenuated Salmonella serovar Typhimurium expressing secreted Yersinia pestis F1 and V antigen

We investigated the relative immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant X85MF1 and X85V strains of DeltacyaDeltacrpDeltaasd-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium expressing, respectively, secreted Yersinia pestis F1 and V antigens, following intranasal (i.n.) or i.n. combined with oral immunization for a mouse model. A single i.n. dose of 10(8) CFU of X85MF1 or X85V induced appreciable serum F1- or V-specific IgG titres, although oral immunization did not. Mice i.n. immunized three times (i.n. x 3) with Salmonella achieved the most substantial F1/V-specific IgG titres, as compared with corresponding titres for an oral-primed, i.n.-boosted (twice; oral-i.n. x 2) immunization regimen. The level of V-specific IgG was significantly greater than that of F1-specific IgG (P<0.001). Analysis of the IgG antibodies subclasses revealed comparable levels of V-specific Th-2-type IgG1 and Th-1-type IgG2a, and a predominance of F1-specific Th-1-type IgG2a antibodies. In mice immunized intranasally, X85V stimulated a greater IL-10-secreting-cell response in the lungs than did X85MF1, but impaired the induction of gamma-interferon-secreting cells. A program of i.n. x 3 and/or oral-i.n. x 2 immunization with X85V provided levels of protection against a subsequent lethal challenge with Y. pestis, of, respectively, 60% and 20%, whereas 80% protection was provided following the same immunization but with X85MF1.     

Identification of immunodominant epitope of F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis

The F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis has been identified as one of the major protective antigens of this bacterium. The present study aims to delineate major and minor antigenic sites of F1 antigen. Using algorithmic predictions, five peptide sequences (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) spanning the C-terminal region were identified and synthesized. Antibodies were generated in mice against the peptides, native F1 protein and polymerized F1 antigen using liposomes as mode of immunization. Cross-reactivity between F1 antigen and peptides was tested using both solid and solution phase assays. Similar assays were done with rabbit anti-F1 sera. Competitive inhibition assays using a different combination of antisera and competing antigen identified P2 peptide FFVRSIGSKGGKLAAGKYTDAVTV (142-165) as the immunodominant sequence. The results indicate that this sequence appears to be exposed on the surface of F1 molecule. In a solid phase binding assay, P2 peptide was recognized even at high F1 antisera dilution. However, when antisera raised to different peptides were tested for binding to F1 antigen, antisera to P4 peptide showed maximal immunoreactivity. This implies more accessibility of this region during immobilization on solid surface. There was consistency in the results obtained for different strains of mice as well as for the rabbit antisera. Such a sequence of F1 antigen, which is recognized widely in animals of different genetic background, would be useful for diagnosis and subunit vaccine.     

重组鼠疫菌F1抗原在大肠杆菌中的表达及免疫原性分析

利用基因重组技术,用pET42(b+)质粒在大肠杆菌DE3中表达鼠疫菌F1抗原。经分析rF1抗原基因序列与天然F1抗原结构基因序列完全一致,电泳扫描测其表达量为25%:W estern B lot结果表明,rF1抗原可与F1特异性抗体相互作用,具有天然F1抗原的活性。用镍离子亲和层析纯化rF1抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,在其血清中可检测到高滴度的抗F1抗体。