Le Paléolithique supérieur dans l’île d’Hokkaïdo

Since the discovery of the first Paleolithic site in Hokkaido, we consider that the time in the half more than centuries already passed, and float today. However, our research is still a way. By today, we have not discovered the trace about a Pithecantropines (Homo erectus) and a Paleanthropic man (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) at all in this region. We know that a Neanthropic man (Homo sapiens sapiens) dominated all the continents except Antarctica in the final time of the Pleistocene era. And they passed along the dried shoal which appeared to the north in the same time from the Asian Continent to the Island of Hokkaido, and reached it to this place. The first attainment time is an age which exceeds 20,000-years before a little from the present. We are not checking a fact which exceeds it you to be much. However, the habitants of these beginnings left the trace of the activity of them in large numbers, so that he was wonderful to inside of this island. The studies-of-prehistory research in Hokkaido has little proof of the natural science field concerned on age determination or chronology. This has serious restriction. However, the tephra-chronology of volcanic ashes has played the big role uniquely. The eruption of the Eniwa volcano of the Hokkaido central part is especially a very important index. This volcano blows off ash fall (En-a) in large quantities, and covered all large ranges. This deposited volcanic-ashes layer plays a big role to discernment of an old industry and a recent industry on the cultural chronology. The obsidian from this island and nearby hard shale was used for many industries of this Upper Paleolithic cultures as main materials. Although obsidians in the island where the different four outcrops are known well. This rock was mined in large quantities, and was carried in various places. As well as many examples in the world, we divided this rock, and the human beings of the prehistoric age were demanded for it, and it was often utilized. In it, especially the outcrop of Shirataki was located in the northern part of Hokkaido, and was very important. Large quantities of obsidian from Shirataki outcrop is discovered in a large number of Paleolithic sites within a segment 700 km in diameter at least. It covered the territory in Hokkaido and circulated further also except this island. This fact circulated as important trade materials on stone-tool fabrication among the human-beings groups from whom this island's every place differed. In this time, human beings’ activity in Hokkaido is a clear proof, which was not isolated at all. As for the studies of the prehistorians of Hokkaido distinguish, the exception put the technical process of eight different microblade productions. The technical process of some of them was limited only to the specific narrow area. Or it is proved that other technical processes are widely connected with the human-beings group of the Asian Continent on the contrary. At present, our research grasps the whole second-half Paleolithic culture, and has not yet established the year system edited by locally complete. The oldest industry of this area composed the typical stone tool of second-half Paleolithic culture from the beginning, and was accompanied by the manufacturing technique of a braid and microblade. The feature is the example in which the ruins of Kashiwadai-I were most excellent. These ruins correspond at time older than deposition of the Eniwa volcano tephra. It is located at the chill time in the second half of a Würm glacial period. The second continuing step is an industry of succession newer than this volcano tephra. It is raised as an example with Ôsatsu-16 typical ruins etc. The third phase is an industry of the end term of second-half Paleolithic culture. It is simultaneously located in the dawn of Jōmon culture. The feature of this cultural aspect is a transitional cultural stage which earthenware appears and is called what is called “Sub-Neolithic-Culture”. We can check having passed expansively, while the aspect of this last continues within a short period of time relatively.     

Les échinides du Turonien de la Formation de l’Azilé du bassin côtier gabonais dans la région de Libreville Sud

Study of Turonian echinoids from Gabon store section allowed us to distinguish 10 species belonging to 2 genera: Mecaster pseudofourneli (Péron et Gauthier 1878), Mecaster toucasanus (d’Orbigny, 1854), Mecaster africanus (Coquand, 1862), Mecaster semicavatus (Peron et Gauthier 1880), Mecaster verneuili (Desor, 1847), Mecaster cf. orbignyanus (Desor, 1857), Mecaster palpebratus (Loriol, 1888), Mecaster sp.1, Mecaster sp. 2, Epiaster michelini (Agassiz) 1847. All species are found for the first time in Gabonese coastal basin. The composition and the distribution of echinoids fauna and the sedimentary characteristics indicate a proximal shallow platform deposit environment, with warm water and soft substrate. Two types of depositional environment are suggested: (1) a deep part of the proximal platform, represented by silty limestones and (2) a shallower part of the proximal platform, represented by limestones.     

Baïraki – un site du Paléolithique inférieur sur le territoire de la Plaine d’Europe orientale

The paper presents the preliminary results of five years’ multidisciplinary researches (2010–2014 years) of the new Lower Palaeolithic Bayraki site, situated in the vicinity of Dubossary town in Moldavia, on the high terrace (VII) of the Dniester River. In the Lower and Middle Pleistocene deposits are discovered six layers including lithic artefacts of Lower Palaeolithic character. Two layers (I and II) relate to deposits dated by the Brunhes period and four layers (III, IV, V and VI) are attributed to the Matuyama period. The highest number of artefacts (884 objects) is issue from the layer V (the Jaramillo period), whose lithic industry has an Oldowan character. In other layers are found few flint archaeological objects and sporadic fragments of indeterminable bones. In the layer III is found a fossil horse mandibular (Equus sussenbornensis). At present, this site presents the oldest Low Pleistocene across all East European Plain.     

La technique de débitage au Paléolithique supérieur de l’archipel du Japon

The representative debitage technique is the one of the culture of knife-to-back in the name of the superior Paleolithic of Japan. She/it can be he divided in two, the one of the first half and the one of the second half. The first corresponds at the time of apparition, either to the stage of launching of the technique of debitage laminaire whose debitage didn’t provide elaborate blades being little successive. As for the stage of fortifying of the debitage laminaire, the industries lithic to knife-to-back of the Sugikubo type developed themselves in the oriental Honshû. With regard to the region of Kantô to the second half of the first where the knife-to-back of Moro type mingled equally with those while shaping on the blade. To the recent stage of development, one can note the industry lithic to knife-to-back of Moro type is based on the technical very blady in the western Japan. Succeeding in the second half of the superior Paleolithic that the technique of debitage of Sétoüchi developed itself in this part whose debitage is characterized by the strut oblong in wing, are the transverse blades These gotten supports used especially for making the knife-to-back of Koü type while spilling country-wide. To the second recent half, the technical blade of Sunagawa type took place in all regions of Japan except the inshore regions of the Interior Sea of Séto and the region of Kinki (Kyoto-Osaka).     

Découverte d’une nouvelle faune d’âge cénomanien dans la région de Forthassa (Atlas saharien occidental,Algérie) : Implications biostratigraphiques et paléoenvironnementales

The upper Cretaceous of the eastern part of the Ksour Mountains (Western Saharan Atlas, Algeria) is classically subdivided into three fossiliferous lithostratigraphic formations: El Rhelida (lower Cenomanian), Mdaouer (lower-middle Cenomanian) and Rhoundjaïa (upper Cenomanian-lower Turonian). The western part of the Ksour Mountains, which is less documented and poorly known, is here the subject of a detailed sedimentological and palaeontological study. Near Hassi Djeifa locality (Forthassa) the upper Cretaceous is represented by the upper part of Mdaouer Formation and by the lowermost part of Rhoundjaïa Formation. The deposits attributed to the Mdaouer Formation are composed of reddish or green marlstone intercalated by biolaminated limestone, bioclastic limestone with gastropods and bivalves, and sandstone. The selachians (Mafdetia tibniensis, Baharipristis bastetiae), pycnodontiform fishes, and ostracod fauna (Damonella spp., Ilyocypris? sp., Cypridea sp., Paracypria? sp.) coming from marly beds are studied in detail. The two selachian species (Order of Rajiformes) were so far restricted to the Early Cenomanian of Egypt. Our sedimentological and palaeontological data support a probable Early Cenomanian age of the studied deposits and indicate a coastal plain palaeoenvironment continually influenced by the action of tide.     

Le Paléolithique supérieur de la région centre de l’île de Honshû

Tokai area is situated in the middle of Japan and has various configurations of ground. The eastern area has thick natural layers with volcanic ash which has been supplied from Mt. Fuji. About five chronological stages of Paleolithic culture from trapeze and edge-ground axe culture to microlith culture through backed blade culture have been found in the layers. These stages of Paleolithic culture are indicators of chronological studies in Tokai area. On the other hand, it is difficult to advance chronological studies in the middle east, middle, and west areas, because they have little thickness of layers with volcanic ash. However, different Paleolithic artifacts are found in top and bottom layers which put the AT layer between at Tsubakibora Site in Gifu Prefecture, and they have helped very much chronological studies of Paleolithic culture in the west area. Here is the first result of Paleolithic studies in Tokai area with artifacts which have been found on the forth layer of scoriae at Idemaruyama Site are dated about 35,000 years, one of the oldest Paleolithic culture in Japan. In addition, some lines of pits which were dated 30,000 years were found at Hatsunegahara Site, and they provided valuable data to study Paleolithic hunting. Finally, a holed pendant which had 10 notches on one side was unearthed from Fujiishi Site, and it was dated 19,000 years ago. At Terada and Hino Site, a flat big stone which had carvings was found, though the shape and use were seemed to be different from the pendant at Fujiishi Site.     

Édifices récifaux développés dans un environnement détritique: Exemple des biostromes à Hippurites (rudistes) du Sénonien inférieur du sillon languedocien (région de Narbonne,Sud de la France)

The Senonian series of the Languedocian furrow contains, as in all of southern France, reef formations with rudistes. One species, Hippurites (Orbignya) socialis Douvillé alone is responsible for practically all of the building.The sequencial analysis of such formations permits the reconstitution of the morphology of the reef, lenticular and very flat. Some pioneer individuals colonize a mud, then they unite to make a building, but this is highly perforated and “spongy”. The products of mechanical demolition and biological corrosion (algae, sponges) accumulate at the periphery, and may also be colonized. The building dies due to its becoming covered with bioclastic, quartzitic or mixed sand.In the regional context, the recifal building is situated on the edge of an actively subsident furrow, at the boundary between a littoral domain (shelly sands) and a “deep” domain with rhythmic sedimentation. There is a very unstable equilibrium between sedimentation and subsidence, and the recifal phenomena establishes itself under conditions rarely encountered.     

La fin du Paléolithique dans la Catalogne méridionale ibérique revisitée : nouvelles réponses pour anciennes questions

This paper explores the continuities and changes marking the Final Magdalenian-Epipaleolithic transition in Northeastern Iberia. It also characterizes the Epimagdalenian world from the analysis of eight sites and the study of the lithic industries, the economy and the portable artworks recovered so far. It also provides a corpus of recent datings, some of them unpublished, allowing us to date the portable art of Sant Gregori for the first time, and reinforcing the idea that the Epimagdalenià would last between 13,700 and 11,500 cal BP (11,800–10,000 BP).     

Sélaciens nouveaux (Chondrichthyes,Neoselachii) du Paléocène supérieur de la région d’Ouarzazate,Maroc

Three new selachian species belonging to new genera from the Thanetian of Ouarzazate Basin are described: Tingaleus dakkai n. gen. et nov. sp., Microbatis sabatieri n. gen. et n. sp. and Garabatis atlasi n. gen. et n. sp. These new taxa as well as the associated selachian species confirm the original feature of this fauna in comparison with contemporaneous faunas occurring in the phosphate-bearing horizons of central Morocco.     

Le Paléolithique supérieur dans la péninsule coréenne et l’archipel du Japon

There is one decisive gate between the Asian continent and the archipelago of Japan which is the strait of Tsushima that exists between the Korean peninsula and the archipelago. The strait is very narrow; however, the depth is relatively deep. If the sea level did not fall down to at least 130 meters below the present level, the terrestrial bridge would not be formed there. We know the former case concerning the first human population of which crossed this maritime gate of human groups 50,000 years ago. One supposes that the men did not have any means to cross there without the terrestrial bridge previous to 50,000 years. According to the studies of the abyssal drills of the Sea of Japan that one noted several lowering of the sea level according to the marine isotopic stages (MIS): 2, 6, 10, 12, 16, 18 and 20. With regard to the marine isotopic stage 2 that correspond to the Maximum-coldness of the last glacial when the sea dropped in below 125 meters in relation to the present level. According to study of the seismic stratigraphy and according to the obtained ages of seabed sediments by the method of carbon 14 that one concluded the concerned strait remained always like a marine channel and narrow during the last glacial (Park et al., 2000). We notice the typological common points between the lithic industry of the Korean peninsula and the one of the Kyushu island during the marine isotopic stage 2 (MIS-2) which are the tanged point (flake point), the bifacial point to triangular section (point to three retouched faces), etc. However, there are some differences in the composition of tools and the fabrication technique. Regarding the cultural origin and the big human migration, we cannot prove them for now. Such situation showed that some obstacles existed between such two regions. There are no common features on the flaking technique and the typology before 50,000 years in these two regions since we do not have any affirmative overdraft.     

Découverte d’une industrie du Paléolithique inférieur en bordure de la commune de Nice,au Vallon obscur à Saint-Isidore

An archaic lithic assemblage has just been brought to light in border of the municipality of Nice (Alpes-Maritimes, France), in secondary position in a geologic context of middle fluviatile terrace in left bank of the Var. Lithic artefacts collected gather some shaping products (worked or broken pebbles) and débitage products (cores, flakes, angular fragments), obtained on pebbles mainly in marly limestone, stemming from the local plio-Pleistocene conglomerate and the alluviums of the Var. This lithic production shows essentially the beginnings of chaînes opératoires, with the first phases of pebbles cortex removing. Flakes are very mainly cortical or semi-cortical, and cores reveal a weak technical investment, with a reduced enough number of removal negatives. The débitage of orthogonal type is the most frequent, and the bipolar technique on anvil is attested. Some rare flakes are retouched by notches or by abrupt continuous retouches. The sector where was brought to light this lithic industry, in sediments reshaped below a level of fluviatile terrace of the Var in 70 m of height, made us suggest a very ancient age for these vestiges, being able to go back up at the beginning of Middle Pleistocene, even of Lower Pleistocene, what is in agreement with the technical characteristics noticed on this lithic assemblage.     

Note sur la découverte de nouvelles gravures dans le nord d’Akka (Maroc)

Beside the metallic weapon figures, the engravings of the sites of North Akka showed signs of the existence of cattle, mostly oxen cattle. The representation of anthropomorphs is also notable for its evolving aspects towards the schematic style of Libyco-Berber. Regarding wildlife, it is also represented encompassing elephants, rhinoceros, ostriches, antelopes, etc. Nevertheless, the figures of domestic cattle precede those of other subjects. The (peltiform) axes and the dagger, figured in two sites, attest to a mastered knowledge of metallurgy.     

Le Paléolithique de la région de Hokuriku. De la côte de la mer du Japon au centre de Honshû

The stratigraphy of the Pleistocene in the region of Hokuriku where the archeological layers are thin include different lithic industries. The only sedimentological indication is the pyroclastic fall of Aïra (AT), dated of about 30 000 years BP. We determine the age of lithic industries according to the general deposit of AT. With regard to the general trend, the chronological research is based on the comparison between the vicinity. This concerned region is situated on the western coast of the main island of Japan while giving on the Sea of Japan. This zone was frequented by all people of the Japanese archipelago during the historic time. The Paleolithic lithic industries were influenced strongly by the human groups of surroundings. This region reflects the geographical conditions of western Japan, at the same time the Northeast of Honshû and the regions of the pacific coast.     

Kyste du tractus thyréoglosse dégénéré révélant un microcarcinome papillaire multifocal de la thyroïde

The malignant degeneration of thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a very rare phenomenon. It occurs 1% of operated cysts where papillary carcinoma represents the most frequent pathological type. The authors report a clinical observation of a papillary carcinoma of thyroid occurring in a thyroglossal duct cyst concomitant to a multifocal micropapillary thyroid discovered in a 21-year-old woman. A total thyroidectomy was performed. A complementary treatment by radioactive iodine 131 (3,7 GBq) was undertaken. Two years later, the patient is doing well and does not present any sign of recurrence. In the light of this observation, the authors propose to report the diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of degenerated thyroglossal duct cyst.     

Que faire devant la découverte d’un nodule pulmonaire solide sur un CT ou un PET-CT

Incidental discovery of pulmonary nodules is a frequent finding on a CT or a PET-CT examination. When found, those nodules should be classified as (1) certainly benign, (2) certainly malignant or (3) undetermined. The purpose of this paper is to present a diagnostic approach allowing such classification.     

Suivi pluriannuel du peuplement à Abra alba dans la partie méridionale de la Mer du Nord (région de Dunkerque-France)

The Abra alba community is considered as a faunistical unity well established on coastal areas of North Sea. This community shows, since several years, very important recruitments of certain species. Since 1978, recruitments of Abra alba, Tellina fabula, Phyllodoce (Anaïtides) mucosa, Lagis koreni or Lanice conchilega have been observed. However these demographic phenomena does not affect the structure of the community, which shows, through rank-frequency diagrams, the characteristic of a mature population, principally constituted of 7 species.An annual cycle study shows a succession of recruitments of several species. A correspondance factorial analysis was realised from grain size datas as well as abundances of 18 main species. This analysis shows an annual cycle which seems to be linked to the clay part. Maximal values of clay part appears in summer and minimal values at the end of winter or early springtime.The hydrological parameters studied, allowed to make the difference between external factors (continental contributions, phytoplanctonic activity etc...) and benthic activity.

     

Optimisation du protocole d’acquisition de la TEP à la fluorocholine dans la détection des lésions parathyroïdiennes

18F-Fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT shows very promising potential for detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors. However, the optimal time to perform imaging after FCH administration has not yet been determined and protocols are highly variable. The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare 5, 10, 15, 20 and 60 min post-injection acquisition times in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and equivocal traditional imaging. Thirty-one patients were included. Two observers retrospectively analyzed the five protocols. Any focal increase in FCH uptake was localized and graded on a discrete gradation scale between 1 and 5 to assess the likelihood of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors. Gold standard was histopathological findings for the 11 operated patients. Regarding quantitative analysis, ratio of SUVmax of parathyroid foci on SUVmean of thyroid background (as signal-to-noise ratio) were compared between protocols. After injection of 2.5 MBq/kg, FCH PET performed 60 min post-injection (2 min) had the best sensitivity and specificity by lesion (92% and 100% respectively and the best signal-to-noise ratio (median of 2). We suggest performing PET scan 60 min after injection, associated with early acquisition so as not to miss a wash-out hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors.     

Le Gentiano-Caricetum curvulae dans la région luchonaise (Pyrénées centrales)

Summary The Gentiano-Caricetum in the central Pyrenees parallelles the Caricetum curvulae in the Alps. As a climax of the granitic and schistic platforms it has some subassociations both at the north and the south slopes of the mountain.By biological research of different kinds we found a new classification of the life-forms.Though the soils occur in the large group of the Rankers, nevertheless they are also peculiar to each subassociation, belonging to the microclimate.

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Zusammenfassung Das Gentiano-Caricetum der zentralen Pyrenäen entspricht in der alpinen Stufe dem Caricetum curvulae der Alpen. Als Klimaxgesellschaft der Granit-und Schieferhochplateaus weist diese Assoziation mehrere Subassoziationen auf, welche die südlichen und nördlichen Abhänge bewohnen.Das biologische Studium der Arten ermöglicht eine neue Einteilung der Lebensformen.Die Bodentypen können unter die Ranker eingereiht werden, aber mit gewissen Besonderheiten für jede Subassoziation, die wahrscheinlich zum Mikroklima in Beziehung stehen.

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Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Marseille

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Cette note fait suite à l'étude des rochers, des éboulis, des moraines du bassin versant de l'One, publiée dans Port. Acta bot. (17). L'One est un affluent de la Pique, celle-ci se jetant elle-même dans la Garonne à Mérignac. La région qui nous intéresse ici est portée sur les deux cartes au 20 000e Bagnères de Luchon no 6 et no 7; elle figure sur la carte Michelin au 200 000e no 85 Biarritz-Luchon, au pli 19 et sur la carte Michelin au 1 000 000e au Sud de la route de Bagnères de Luchon — col de Peyresourde.     

Le geste et la forme dans l’expression graphique du Néolithique

The parietal painted sign keeps on the memory of gesture that produces it. It is one of the distinctive features of this particular artefact. However, it is not possible to reconstruct this gesture if we do not give the context of the sign, if we do not present the numerous physical and cultural parameters which are in charge of their production. About schematic paintings of Neolithic age, we must take the union of criterions into account such as the parietal and site topography, the cultural constraints that appoint the location of figures and the ritual practices originally of the graphical expression, etc. The painter perceives, adapts and behaves according to this spatial and social environment. We refer here to several strategies: the attention for the parietal microtopography in accordance with the signs to draw, the respect of some criterions that specify the choice of the site like the hygrophilie of places and the rubefaction of rock walls, the need to paint at the limits of the accessibility of site and wall, the use of drawing tools for increase the capacities of the body. The efficiency of the gesture consists in realizing a sign bearing a meaning because in harmony with the features of its support.