胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ与生长激素的关系

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ与生长激素的关系邹仕庚盛爱武高峰（南京农业大学动物科技学院,２１００９５）１９５７年,Ｓａｌｍａｎ和Ｄａｕｇｈａｄａｙ发现正常大鼠血清能促进３５Ｓ进入培养的软骨细胞,而切除垂体的大鼠血清缺乏对这种硫化过程的促进作用。给切除垂体的大鼠...     

重组生长激素对猪生长激素受体和胰岛素样生长因子1基因表达及血清瘦蛋白水平的影响

16头长白×大约克去势公猪, 随机分成试验组和对照组, 每天注射重组猪生长激素(rpGH, 每头每天4 mg) 或生理盐水, 28 d后采样. 用RIA法测定血清中胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-Ⅰ)和瘦蛋白含量, 用反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法, 以18S rRNA作内标, 定量分析肝脏、肌肉生长激素受体 (GHR) 和IGF-ⅠmRNA的相对丰度.结果显示: (ⅰ) 试验组平均日增重提高26.1% ( P <0.05); (ⅱ)血清IGF-Ⅰ水平提高70.94% (P<0.01), 血清瘦蛋白降低34.80%(P<0.01); (ⅲ) 肝脏GHR mRNA增加24.45% (P < 0.05), IGF-ⅠmRNA增加45.30% (P<0.01), 背最长肌GHR和IGF-Ⅰ mRNA表达无明显变化. 结果表明, 重组猪生长激素能明显提高生长猪生长性能. 上调肝脏GHR, 促进肝脏产生IGF-Ⅰ, 而对肌肉GHR和IGF-I基因表达无影响, 提示重组GH对基因表达的影响有组织特异性.     

猪下丘脑和垂体中生长激素受体、胰岛素样生长因子1型受体的发育性变化

GH和IGF-1可作用于垂体或/和下丘脑负反馈性地调节垂体GH的分泌,而这种负反馈作用必须通过下丘脑或垂体的GHR和IGF-1R来实现.为研究猪垂体GH分泌负反馈调节的发育性变化和品种特点,分别在0、3、20、30、90、120和180日龄随机选取纯种雄性二花脸猪和大白猪各4头,屠宰并取下丘脑及垂体,用相对定量RT-PCR分析下丘脑和垂体GHR和IGF-1R mRNA水平.结果表明下丘脑GHR mRNA表达呈明显的时序性变化,在0到120日龄期间呈逐渐上升趋势,180日龄时显著下降(P＜0.05),提示在快速生长期,GH负反馈调控机制逐渐加强.下丘脑GHR mRNA表达还表现明显的品种间差异,在0到180日龄期间大白猪均显著高于二花脸猪(P＜0.05);而垂体GHR mRNA表达相对稳定,品种和年龄间差异不显著,提示GH的负反馈作用位点可能主要在下丘脑.IGF-1R与GHR的表达发育模式不同.下丘脑IGF-IR mRNA的表达相对稳定,无显著的年龄、品种间差异;而在垂体,大白猪和二花脸猪IGF-1R mRNA水平在出生时均较高,随后显著下降(P＜0.05),20日龄后逐渐上升至90日龄的较高水平,随后再次下降.大白猪垂体IGF-1 mRNA表达在30日龄和90日龄时显著高于二花脸猪(P＜0.05),而180日龄时二花脸猪垂体IGF-1R mRNA水平却显著高于大白猪(P＜0.05).结果提示,IGF-1长环负反馈作用位点可能不在下丘脑,而主要在垂体.     

胰岛素样生长因子1及其在组织和器官生长发育中的作用

胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1),具有调节组织细胞增殖、分化、有丝分裂等功能。研究表明IGF1不仅参与众多疾病的发生,还参与了不同组织和器官的发育过程。对IGF1信号通路及其在机体发育中的作用进行了综述。     

新生儿窒息与血管内皮生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子-1的关系

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)在窒息新生儿脐血水平变化的临床意义.方法:采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)及放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定正常新生儿(67例,对照组)和窒息新生儿(50例,窒息组)脐血血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的水平.结果:新生儿窒息时脐血VEGF比正常脐血对照组显著升高(t=-9.944,p<0.01),IGF-1比正常脐血对照组显著下降(t=-15.943,p<0.01).结论:窒息新生儿VEGF水平的上升与IGF-1水平的下降,提示两者均可能参与新生儿窒息的病理生理过程,同时检测新生儿脐血VEGF与IGF-1可望成为反映新生儿窒息程度的一个敏感和特异的指标.     

胰岛素样生长因子研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子（ＩＧＦ）是一类多功能细胞增殖凋控因子。因其化学结构民胰岛素原类似而得名。ＩＧＦ系统由２个多肽类生长因子、２类受体和至少６种结合蛋白组成。本仅不ＩＧＦ系统成员的分子生物学方面的最新进展及其主要生物学功能作一综述。     

胰岛素样生长因子1的结构与功能研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)是一种多功能细胞调控因子.它的结构特征为其促生长和物质代谢功能提供依据.集中介绍了IGF1的三维结构、IGF1与相关受体和结合蛋白的结合区以及二硫键在蛋白质折叠中的重要作用.     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1启动子的克隆与序列分析

用酚氯仿抽提法提取SD大鼠的肝脏基因组DNA,PCR扩增胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1（IGFBP-1）启动子并克隆至pUC118载体。从含IGFBP-1启动子的质粒中酶切分离出IGFBP-1启动子并测序。PCR扩增出420bp的目的DNA片段,与文献报道的IGFBP-1启动子DNA大小一致。经正、反两方向序列分析显示,克隆的基因序列和GenBank数据库中的IGFBP-1启动子基因序列一致。以上结果表明克隆成功了IGFBP-1启动子基因,为构建具双向调节的胰岛素分泌调控基因质粒奠定了基础。     

胰岛素样生长因子系统的营养调控

胰岛素样生长因子系统的营养调控邹仕庚王恬（南京农业大学动物科技学院,南京２１００９５）胰岛素样生长因子（ＩＧＦ）因其结构和功能类似胰岛素而得名,ＩＧＦ主要包括ＩＧＦⅠ和ＩＧＦⅡ。体内多种组织都能合成ＩＧＦ,表达ＩＧＦ受体;ＩＧＦ大部分由肝脏合成,...     

胰岛素样生长因子家族与肺癌

胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)家族与多种肿瘤的发生发展关系密切。本文综述了IGFs和胰岛素样生长因子受体(IGFRs)以及胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(IGFBPs)在肺癌发生发展、增殖、侵袭、转移和凋亡中所起的作用及其作用机制。为肺癌的预防、治疗、预后提供新的思路。     

Growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor I,and motoneuron size

In this study we asked whether growth hormone (GH) and one of its key mediators, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), influence spinal motoneuron size in conjunction with whole body size. We present evidence that GH has such a role, possibly without the mediation of IGF-I. Both lumbar motoneuron and body size were found to be increased relative to littermate controls in transgenic mice overexpressing GH, while body size, but not motoneuron size, was increased in mice overexpressing IGF-I. GH overexpression coordinately increased nucleolar, nuclear, and cell body size in lumbar spinal motoneurons, so that their normal size relationships were preserved in the transgenic mice. In addition, spinal cord and brain weights were significantly increased in both types of transgenic animal. We conclude that GH can regulate motoneuron, central nervous system, and body size in the same animal, and that IGF-I can mimic the effects of GH on at least two of these three parameters. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 32: 202–212, 1997.     

Effect of recombinant growth hormone on expression of growth hormone receptor,insulin-like growth factor mRNA and serum level of leptin in growing pigs

Sixteen Large White × Landrace castrated male pigs were allotted into treatment and control group. The treatment group was injected intramuscularly with recombinant porcine growth hormone (rpGH, 4 mg d⁻¹) and the control group with vehicle for 28 days. Animals were slaughtered 4 h after final injection for liver, longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and blood sampling. Serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and leptin were determined by RIA. The total RNA was extracted from tissues to measure the abundance of growth hormone receptor (GHR), IGF-I mRNA by RT-PCR with 18S rRNA internal standard. Results showed that rpGH enhanced the average daily weight gain by 26.1% (P < 0.05), the serum IGF-I concentration by 70.94% (P < 0.01), decreased serum leptin by 34.8% (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of GHR and IGF-I mRNA in liver were increased by 24.45% (P < 0.05) and 45.30% (P < 0.01), respectively, but no difference of GHR (P > 0.05) and IGF-I mRNA (P > 0.05) in LD between GH treated and control group was found. These results suggest that rpGH can up-regulate hepatic GHR and IGF-I gene expression and improve animal growth. However the effect of rpGH on GHR and IGF-I gene expression are tissue-specific.     

Effect of recombinant growth hormone on expression of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor mRNA and serum level of leptin in growing pigs

Growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in regulation of animal growth, metabolism and lactation[1]. Numerous studies have shown that exogenous somatotropin (ST) can increase average daily weight gain, improve feed efficiency, stimulate protein deposition and muscle growth and decrease lipid accretion rate[1]. The original somatomedin hypothesis suggested that the effect of GH on postnatal growth was mediated by insulin-like growth hormone factor 1 (IGF-I) which was thought to be deriv…     

Effects of cadmium and zinc on plasma levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3

Humans are constantly exposed to cadmium (Cd) as a result of the increase in air pollution and cigaret use. Zinc (Zn), which is an essential element for the metabolism of and the constituent of many enzymes, causes growth retardation in the deficiency status so at present it is often added to the diet without measuring blood levels of this element. We also aimed to observe the effects of both Cd and Zn on the plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in this study. For this purpose, 27 young Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups. The first group was given 50 mg/L of CdCl₂, the second group received 500 mg/L of ZnSO₄, and the third group, as a control, received only drinking water for 1 mo. At the end of this period, plasma GH, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 of the animals were analyzed in the blood obtained. The significance between groups was evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U-test. According to our results, levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in the Cd-administered group were significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between Zn administered and control groups in terms of all three parameters. These results show that although the addition of Zn to the diet of healthy rats had no effect on the levels of GH, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3, Cd addition lowered the levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 but did not change the levels of GH compared to controls.     

How insulin-like growth factor I binds to a hybrid insulin receptor type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor

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Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in bulls of various growth hormone genotypes

A leucine/valine substitution at amino acid position 127 was identified by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in the bovine growth hormone gene. Genotyping was performed in 84 AI bulls of three different breeds, in which plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) were also measured. Gene frequencies of variants L (leucine) und V (valine) were 0.80/0.20 (Black and White), 0.90/0.10 (Brown), 0.71/0.29 (Simmental). Hormone concentrations were measured during different physiological conditions (normal feeding, fasting, realimentation) in the majority of animals. Generally, genotype LL was associated with higher concentrations of GH than LV. This difference was significant in Black and White bulls (P < 0.05). In contrast, IGF-1 concentrations were higher in LV than in LL animals. This was most pronounced in mature, realimented Simmental bulls. We conclude that the various GH alleles influence the circulating concentrations of GH and IGF-1.     

The expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), IGF receptors and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) play an important role in cell growth and differentiation. The liver is the major source of IGF-1 and at least two IGFBPs (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3). IGFBPs most often serve to attenuate the effects of IGF at the receptor level and thereby limit IGF-induced cell growth and differentiation. Although changes in IGFBP expression have been described during controlled liver growth such as hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy, there is limited knowledge of IGFBPs gene expression in uncontrolled growth or hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, we employed Northern blotting techniques to document the expression of IGFBP-1, 3 and 4 in normal human livers, cirrhotic and hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. The results revealed no differences in IGFBP-1, 3 and 4 mRNA levels between normal and cirrhotic tissues. However, the expression of all three IGFBPs mRNA were significantly down regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. These findings are in keeping with IGFBPs playing an important inhibitory role in the development and/or growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.     

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in EL4 lymphoma cells overexpressing growth hormone

Almost all of the previous studies with growth hormone (GH) have been done with exogenously supplied GH and, therefore, involve actions of the hormone through its receptor. However, the actions of endogenous or lymphocyte GH are still unclear. In a previous study, we showed that overexpression of GH (GHo) in a lymphoid cell line resulted in protection of the cells to apoptosis mediated by nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we show that the protection from apoptosis could be transferred to control cells with culture fluids obtained from GHo cells and blocked by antibodies to the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or antibodies to the IGF-1-receptor (IGF-1R). Northern and Western blot analysis detected significantly higher levels of IGF-1 in cells overexpressing GH. An increase in the expression of the IGF-1R in GHo cells was also detected by Western blot analysis, (125)I-IGF-1 binding and analysis of IGF-1R promoter luciferase constructs. Transfection of GHo cells with a dominant negative IGF-1R mutant construct blocked the generation of NO and activation of Akt seen in GHo cells compared to vector alone control EL4 cells. The results suggest that one of the consequences of the overexpression of GH, in cells lacking the GH receptor, is an increase in the expression of IGF-1 and the IGF-1R which mediate the protection of EL4 lymphoma cells from apoptosis.     

MicroRNA let-7g regulates mouse granulosa cell autophagy by targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

As an important type of somatic cell, granulosa cells play a major role in deciding the fate of follicles. Therefore, analyses of granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia have become hotspots of animal research. Autophagy is a cellular catabolic mechanism that protects cells from stress conditions, including starvation, hypoxia, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in granulosa cells is not well known. Here, we demonstrate that let-7g regulates the mouse granulosa cell autophagy signaling pathway by inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor expression and affecting the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin. Small interference-mediated knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor significantly promoted autophagy signaling of mouse granulosa cells. In contrast, overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in mouse granulosa cells attenuated autophagy activity in the presence of let-7g. In addition, overexpression of let-7g increased the apoptosis rate, as indicated by an increased number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells. Finally, 3-methyladenine as well as the lysosomal enzyme inhibitor chloroquine partially blocked apoptosis. In summary, this study demonstrates that let-7g regulates autophagy in mouse granulosa cells by targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and downregulating protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and that mouse granulosa cell autophagy induced by let-7g participates in apoptosis.