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Metabolic repression of transcription in higher plants   总被引:75,自引:17,他引:58       下载免费PDF全文
J Sheen 《The Plant cell》1990,2(10):1027-1038
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Plants are able to acclimate to highly fluctuating light environment and evolved a short- and long-term light acclimatory responses, that are dependent on chloroplasts retrograde signalling. In this review we summarise recent evidences suggesting that the chloroplasts act as key sensors of light intensity changes in a wide range (low, high and excess light conditions) as well as sensors of darkness. They also participate in transduction and synchronisation of systemic retrograde signalling in response to differential light exposure of distinct leaves. Regulation of intra- and inter-cellular chloroplast retrograde signalling is dependent on the developmental and functional stage of the plastids. Therefore, it is discussed in following subsections: firstly, chloroplast biogenic control of nuclear genes, for example, signals related to photosystems and pigment biogenesis during early plastid development; secondly, signals in the mature chloroplast induced by changes in photosynthetic electron transport, reactive oxygen species, hormones and metabolite biosynthesis; thirdly, chloroplast signalling during leaf senescence. Moreover, with a help of meta-analysis of multiple microarray experiments, we showed that the expression of the same set of genes is regulated specifically in particular types of signals and types of light conditions. Furthermore, we also highlight the alternative scenarios of the chloroplast retrograde signals transduction and coordination linked to the role of photo-electrochemical signalling.  相似文献   

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Light perception and signalling in higher plants   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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Light control of extractable nitrate reductase activity in higher plants   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Light regulation of extractable nitrate reductase (NR) activity of higher plants is complicated by: 1) involvement of several photoreceptors, 2) differences in the relative importance of the several photoreceptors among species and among developmental stages of the same species, 3) two types of effects – alteration of activity of existing NR and influences on de novo synthesis of NR, and 4) differing forms of NR within the same species. The interrelationships of all of these factors are not clear. It may be that each system will have to be understood separately before a general model can be developed. Immunochemical quantification of NR from systems exposed to varied light regimes may enhance our understanding of this area. Currently few general conclusions can be made; however, we think that the following statements are true or are usually true: (1) Phytochrome influences extractable NR activity by the low irradiance response and high irradiance response in etiolated tissues. (2) In de-etiolated tissues phytochrome can influence NR activity decay at the end of a light period by the low irradiance response. (3) The phytochrome equilibrium or the absolute level of Pfr influences extractable NR activity in green tissues under white light. (4) Blue light influences extractable NR activity through phytochrome and another, unknown, blue light-absorbing pigment. Flavins may be involved in vitro in reactivation of inactivated NR. (5) Photosynthesis does not directly influence the induction of the forms of NR that require substrate and light for induction. (6) In some tissues there appears to be a close link between nitrite-reducing and nitrate-reducing capabilities. (7) Much circumstantial evidence from kinetic and protein-synthesis-inhibitor studies and the only available immunochemical data indicate that light induces de novo synthesis of NR, resulting in increased extractable activity.  相似文献   

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The firefly luciferase, assayedin vivo with a low-light video camera, acts as a non-invasive, real-time reporter of the temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression in single plants. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the luciferase assay in extracts of transformed plant tissue makes it a particularly useful marker in transient or stable transformation experiments.  相似文献   

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Endoreduplication in higher plants   总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27  
Cell polyploidisation can be achieved by endoreduplication, which consists of one or several rounds of DNA synthesis in the absence of mitosis. As a consequence, chromosomes with 2n chromatids are produced without change in the chromosome number. Endoreduplication is the most common mode of polyploidisation in plants and can be found in many cell types, especially in those undergoing differentiation and expansion. Although accumulating data reveal that this process is developmentally regulated, it is still poorly understood in plants. At the molecular level, the increasing knowledge on plant cell cycle regulators allows the acquisition of new tools and clues to understand the basis of endoreduplication control and, in particular, the switch between cell proliferation and cell differentiation.  相似文献   

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Gravitropism in higher plants   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Chen R  Rosen E  Masson PH 《Plant physiology》1999,120(2):343-350
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高等植物体内的肌动蛋白   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
植物肌动蛋白是植物细胞生物学领域发展起来的热点,它涉及植物细胞的分裂机制。细胞运动,细胞器运动,细胞的极性,细胞空间形状的维持,物质运输等,对高等植物肌动蛋白的性质,功能,研究方法及分子生物学领域的研究作了综述。并对该领域存在的问题及应用前景作了展望。  相似文献   

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Ming-Yao Chew 《Phytochemistry》1973,12(10):2365-2367
Rhodanese activity was detected in crude leaf extracts of 12 randomly selected plant species consisting of 9 non-cyanophoric and 3 cyanophoric species. In each case, the enzyme exhibited high activity at pH 10·4 and 55°. There appeared to be no correlation between rhodanese activity and the cyanophoric nature of the plant.  相似文献   

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