中药及其水煎液中微量元素含量研究

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(flame atomic absorption spectrometry,FAAS)测定了黄芪、白术、防风及玉屏风散各次水煎液中铁、铜、锰、铅4种微量元素的含量。结果表明,中药各次水煎液中微量元素的浸出率各不相同,应合理用药,以更好地发挥中药的疗效。     

灰绿藜中六种矿物质元素含量的测定

目的：研究了灰绿藜不同部位矿质元素的分布特点及动态变化。方法：采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对灰绿藜各部位中的K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe和Na六种元素的含量进行了测定与分析。结果：从测定结果可见,不同生长时期灰绿藜的各部位,其矿物元素含量不同。随着生长时间变化,各元素在各部位的增长趋势也有升有降。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.001%～0.580%,回收率为91.51%～114.32%。结论：得出灰绿藜不同部位矿质元素的分布与变化。     

分光光度法测定苦参中微量元素铜的含量

采用分光光度法测定了苦参中微量元素铜的含量,探讨了测定条件,并与火焰原子吸收光度法进行了对比。结果表明,两种方法的测定结果吻合,平均回收率分别为95.2%和101.6%,相对标准偏差分别为1.82%和1.10%,结果可靠,特别是分光光度法仪器价格低,操作简便,适用范围广,可用于实际样品的测定。     

单方中药马蹄香散剂和几种微生态制剂中氨基酸和微量元素含量的测定和比较

目的 测定马蹄香和微生态制剂中氨基酸和微量元素的含量,深入认识马蹄香和微生态制剂的特点.方法 应用国家标准GB/T 5009.124-2003高效液相法和应用日本岛津公司ICPS-1000Ⅱ型等离子体发射光谱仪测定马蹄香和微生态制剂中氨基酸和微量元素含量.结果 氨基酸含量在乳酸菌素片＞亿活＞马蹄香＞金双歧＞贝飞达＞思连康＞合生原＞妈咪爱.谷氨酸在所有制剂中含量均高,天冬氨酸在多数制剂中含量也高.而胱氨酸在所有制剂中含量均低或未能测出.元素钙、磷、镁和硫含量在马蹄香＞乳酸菌素片＞亿活＞思连康＞金双歧＞妈咪爱＞贝飞达＞合生原.马蹄香中微量元素含量较丰富.结论 马蹄香和不同的微生态制剂所含的氨基酸和微量元素各有特点,这对不同制剂的微量营养素的认识有特殊意义.     

中药液体制剂中防腐剂的应用

从常用防腐剂的性质,影响防腐剂防腐作用的因素等方面阐述了中药液体制剂中防腐剂的选用原则,并介绍了几类型新防腐剂。     

川西北草原土壤及冷暖季牧草微量元素含量比较

改善土壤的理化环境及提高牧草的营养水平必须了解草地土壤及牧草微量元素的分布与含量。试验从川西北草地的亚高山丘原草甸、亚高山平坝草甸和沼泽平坝草甸采集土样和冷暖季草样。土样采集深度范围是0～10cm,10～20cm,20～30cm。应用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了草样中铜、铁、锰、锌和钴的含量和土样中这些元素的有效态含量,应用氟离子选择电极法测定了土样中的氟离子浓度和草样中的氟含量。土壤pH高低顺序为草甸土>冲积土>泥炭草甸土,pH随土壤深度变深而下降;土壤和牧草的钴含量都处于缺乏状态,分别为0.64mg/kg和0.26mg/kg。牧草铁和锰含量都高于正常水平,铁为414.51～565.06mg/kg,锰为138.68～247.09mg/kg.     

山楂叶中微量元素的含量测定

本文采用高频等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了山楂叶中的17种微量元素,其中有8种是必需的微量元素,K、Ca、P、Mg 含量较高,Zn、Cu含量比值为2.7。这些微量元素的存在对维持人体健康极为重要.     

五指山不同级别新鲜苦丁茶微量元素含量测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对海南五指山苦丁茶不同级别新鲜茶叶中的锌、铁、钙、钾、镁五种元素进行了含量测定,详细地研究了消解酸的种类、HNO3、HCIO4和H2O2的比例、消解酸的体积及消解时间对测定结果的影响。用HNO3-HClO4-H2O2处理样品,测定结果表明不同级别苦丁茶茶叶中均含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素,不同等级的苦丁茶中微量元素含量有差异,但,其含量排序均为KCaMgZnFe,一级苦丁茶中Zn、K、Mg这3种微量元素的含量高于其他等级,而三级苦丁茶中Ca、Fe这2种微量元素含量要高于一、二级的苦丁茶,但总体差别不大。采用此方法回收率为101.38%～103.10%,相对标准偏差小于10%。其方法简便、精密度和灵敏度高,结果令人满意。     

青岛地区2010年2044例儿童微量元素测量结果分析

目的：了解青岛地区2010年儿童体内微量元素水平。方法：随机抽样2010年来我院健康查体的2044例儿童,分别测量末梢血Cu、Zu、Ca、Mg、Fe、Pb、Cd7种元素水平,将结果按年龄分组进行统计分析。结果：各年龄段儿童均无Cu、Mg两种元素的缺乏和Cd元素的超标;Zn、Ca、Fe三种元素在不同年龄段儿童中均有不同程度缺乏,且含量及缺乏率的差异在不同年龄段均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Pb仅有22个超标。结论：微量元素整体水平不容乐观,并且不同年龄段儿童中的含量水平及缺乏程度差异较大,了解这种年龄差异对指导不同时期儿童的保健工作有重要意义。     

青岛地区2010 年2044 例儿童微量元素测量结果分析

目的:了解青岛地区2010年儿童体内微量元素水平。方法:随机抽样2010年来我院健康查体的2044例儿童,分别测量末梢血Cu、Zu、Ca、Mg、Fe、Pb、Cd 7种元素水平,将结果按年龄分组进行统计分析。结果:各年龄段儿童均无Cu、Mg两种元素的缺乏和Cd元素的超标;Zn、Ca、Fe三种元素在不同年龄段儿童中均有不同程度缺乏,且含量及缺乏率的差异在不同年龄段均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pb仅有22个超标。结论:微量元素整体水平不容乐观,并且不同年龄段儿童中的含量水平及缺乏程度差异较大,了解这种年龄差异对指导不同时期儿童的保健工作有重要意义。     

对治疗糖尿病的传统中药中生命元素含量测定初步研究

利用原子吸收分光光度法对几味治疗糖尿病的常用中药进行锌、镁、铁、铜、铬、硒元素的含量测定。结果表明,实验选取的中药中与糖尿病关系密切的生命元素含量较丰富,且所测元素含量与糖尿病患者体内其含量呈负相关性。为探讨中药的作用机理、中药配制工艺提供一定的信息和理论依据,对于糖尿病患者治疗具有参考价值。     

微波消解-FAAS法分析并比较旱芹(Apium graveolens L.)不同部位八种金属元素的含量

采用微波消解法处理旱芹根、茎、叶,并用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 8种金属元素的含量。结果表明:旱芹中富含人体必需的Na、K、Mg、Fe、Ca等元素,各元素在不同部位含量有一定差异。Fe元素在旱芹根中含量为883.57μg.g-1,明显高于茎和叶;Ca、Zn和Mn元素在旱芹叶中的含量分别为11 103.74,214.04,88.07μg.g-1,明显高于茎和根;K、Na和Mg元素在旱芹茎中的含量高于根和叶中,Cu元素含量在各部位差异不大。方法的加标回收率为96.8%～105.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.36%。     

Determination of Trace Elements in Jinqi,a Traditional Chinese Medicine

We have determined the trace element composition of Jingi, a common remedy used in traditional Chinese medicine, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration of the trace elements analyzed in this medicine decreases in the order: zinc > manganese > chromium > magnesium > copper > iron > lead > nickel > vanadium. We suggest that these trace elements may play a direct or indirect role in the hypoglycemic properties of Jinqi. The three plants used as main ingredients in the preparation of this recipe should be planted in a lead-free soil rich in zinc, manganese, chromium, magnesium, and vanadium.     

压力罐消解ICP-MS法同时测定全血中5种微量元素

为了建立同时测定全血中微量元素铬、锰、砷、镉、铅的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析法,采用压力罐消解技术对全血样品进行消化,使用ICP-MS法对全血中的五种微量元素铬、锰、砷、镉、铅含量进行测定。结果显示,全血样品中所测定的5种微量元素浓度为0~0.20μg·mL-1时,线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.999,各元素相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%(n=6),加标回收率为88.4%~107.6%,本法对铬、锰、砷、镉、铅的最低检出浓度分别为0.60、1.4、0.70、0.048、0.18μg·L-1。表明运用ICP-MS同时检测全血中微量元素具有良好的准确度和精密度、灵敏度高、检出限低、元素之间的干扰少,方法高效可行。     

Evaluation of methods for total selenium determination in yeast

The selenium determination in biological materials by the classical fluorometric method (FM) is time-consuming and also hazardous, as it requires the destruction of the organic matrix samples with hot HNO₃/HClO₄ mixtures prior to analysis. Accordingly, commercial analytical laboratories are increasingly using faster instrumental methods; for sample digestion, avoid using HClO₄. Because of these procedural changes, the results obtained by commercial laboratories may be unreliable, especially for samples containing Se in organic forms. One such “difficult” substrate is Se yeast, which contains most of its Se as selenomethionine. To establish which methods for Se analysis and sample digestion are applicable, samples of Se yeast and of selenomethionine standards were sent to laboratories employing either flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), or hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). The result were compared with those obtained by FM and non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). ICP-MS, after microwave digestion of sample with HNO₃/H₂O₂, produced results within 5% of the expected values, as did those obtained by FM and INAA. With FAAS, acceptable results were obtained after digestion with HNO₃/HCl. With HGAAS, sample digestion with HNO₃/H₂O₂ produced values that were systematically elevated by about 10% and exhibited standard deviations of ≥10%. Thus, current methods of sample digestion are applicable for Se yeast analysis by ICP-MS and FAAS, but not by HGAAS.     

淮南地区储藏中药材孳生粉螨的群落组成及多样性

采集501种中药材样本,分别进行粉螨的分离、鉴定及计数,并利用统计学方法进行多样性分析,共检获粉螨49种,隶属于7科25属。粉螨的平均孳生密度为77．69只儋,物种丰富度指数为3．31,物种多样性指数为5．88,物种均匀度指数为1．51。其群落组成呈多样化。     

Determination of urinary arsenic, mercury, and selenium in steel production workers

The fumes and dust of trace elements and their compounds are very toxic and have been related to an increase in the incidence of diseases. Occupational exposure to toxic metals and metalloids can be determined by means of workplace air measurements and biological monitoring. The aim of our investigation was to determine the concentrations of As, Hg, and Se in urine samples under routine clinical laboratory conditions. To assess the reliability of these methods, critical factors such as detection limit(s), calibration range(s), cost, accuracy, and precision were studied. The method was employed for the quantitative determination of arsenic, mercury, and selenium in urine samples from steel production and quality control workers and healthy unexposed controls. After pretreatment with acids, the samples were digested by means of a microwave oven. Arsenic was determined by hydride atomic absorption spectrometry and mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas selenium was determined by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicate those urinary arsenic, mercury, and selenium levels of the exposed workers are significantly higher than those of the controls. The possibility that these elements are involved in the etiology of diseases is discussed and recommendations are made to improve workplace ventilation and industrial hygiene practices.     

Determination of urinary beryllium,arsenic, and selenium in steel production workers

Some of the most pernicious dangers of pollution arise from the presence of traces of toxic elements in the environment. In this work, we report on the determination of beryllium, arsenic, and selenium in the urine of steel production and steel quality control (QC) workers, in comparison to healthy control subjects. The urine samples were digested by a microwave system. Graphite furnace and hydride atomic absorption was used for the quantitative measurements of Be and As and Se, respectively. A quality control method for these procedures was established with concurrent analysis of Standard Trace Metals 7879 Level II and NIST SRM 2670 (Toxic Elements in Freeze Dried Urine). The results show that the urinary levels of these elements in steel production (As, 38.1±28.7 μg/L; Be, 1.58±0.46 μg/L, and Se, 69.2±28.8μg/L) and in quality control workers (As, 23.9±18.1 μg/L; Be, 1.58±0.46 μg/L, and Se, 54.8±25.1 μg/L) are significantly higher than in the controls (As, 10.3±8.7 μg/L; Be, 0.83±0.46 μg/L; and Se, 32.3±13.5 μg/L). The possible connection of these elements with the etiology of disease and the possible role of selenium as a protective agent against the oncogenic and teratogenic action of other substances is discussed. We suggest the need for improvement of environmental conditions in the workplace through better ventilation and industrial hygiene practices.     

三种中药制剂Ams-11、Fw-13、Tul-17逆转肿瘤细胞多药耐药性的研究

为寻找能有效逆转肿瘤细胞多药耐药性的药物,通过体外细胞实验对Ams-11、Fw-13、Tul-17三种中药制剂逆转肿瘤细胞多药耐药性的作用进行了分析。并用流式细胞仪测定了Tul-17处理细胞后药物累积程度的变化及细胞P糖蛋白表达情况。为进一步研究体外细胞实验筛选出的多药耐药逆转剂在体内的药效学,将其中Fw13用于人白血病K562/ADR裸鼠移植瘤逆转试验。结果:在无细胞毒性的剂量范围内,该三种中药制剂均能明显增强多药耐药细胞对抗癌药物的敏感性,而且其逆转作用呈剂量依赖关系。Tu-17处理后,K562耐药细胞表达的P糖蛋白较对照降低1.5倍,对罗丹明123的累积量是对照的2.5倍。用Fw13治疗人白血病K562/ADR裸鼠移植瘤,可将硫酸长春新碱(VCR)对K562/ADR的抑瘤率从19.79%提高到86.59%,与单独VCR治疗疗效有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果表明,这三种中药制剂可望成为肿瘤多药耐药逆转剂,在肿瘤化疗中发挥作用。