库蚊三新种之描述

作者整理1958年在云南思茅采集的昆虫标本时发现三种库蚊系属新种,均只有雄性。现将其形态描述如下: 1.毛股库蚊 Culex(Lophoceratomyia)pilifemoralis,新种 雄性 黄褐色中型蚊种。翅长约3毫米。 头部 枕部被有黑褐色直立叉状鳞片及狭弯鳞片;眼侧缘被有淡色狭弯鳞片,并形成一宽灰色区。喙黑色,基部下面无鬃。触须与喙约等长,黑色;基部外侧有一行小毛,长节内侧面近基部1/2部分有一行透明短硬小毛,末两节上只有少数长毛。触角黑色;梗节内侧有一钝突起;第6节(梗节作第一节计)有一丛淡黄色长毛及5枚叶状鳞片,鳞片长度约     

水烛的花部形态观察——兼论与长苞香蒲的分类学界定

通过腊叶标本研究、野外观察和文献考证,结合栽培试验,研究了香蒲科水烛（Typha angustifolia L.）花部结构特征,补充描述了该种丝状毛在子房柄上的着生方式、小穗不孕雌花数目等性状特征,观察了在成熟期不同阶段其孕性雌花柱头与小苞片的长度变异。结果显示,水烛孕性雌花小苞片呈宽披针形、匙形或条形,先端褐色,短于柱头,或与柱头近等长或稍长于柱头;子房柄上的丝状毛除少数散生外,多数基部合生呈鞘状或束状,在子房柄下部呈1～4轮排列;小穗不孕雌花常3（～4）枚。研究材料在7月中旬前后雌花小苞片明显短于柱头,随果穗成熟小苞片与柱头近等长。长苞香蒲（T.domingensis Pers.）子房柄上的丝状毛形态和着生方式与水烛中的情况基本一致,但小苞片白色透明,小穗不孕雌花常1（～2）枚。这表明水烛孕性雌花小苞片和柱头的长度比例与不同成熟阶段有关系,不宜作为与长苞香蒲的区别特征,而小穗不孕雌花数目和小苞片颜色等特征对两物种的划分有较重要的意义。     

生于蓼科植物上的小帽壳孢属一新种

报道生于蓼科植物头花蓼Polygonum capitatum叶片上的小帽壳孢属Pilidiella一新种。对该种结合形态描述及分子系统学分析明晰其分类地位。其主要形态特征是分生孢子器球形或近球形,分生孢子梭形至长椭圆形,基部钝尖,27.9-34.2×5.4-7.6µm,长宽比4.7-5.8,明显区别于该属其他种,故将其定为新种,命名为贵州小帽壳孢Pilidiella guizhouensis。研究标本保藏于贵州大学农学院植物病理学实验室（HGUP）。     

中国广西石灰岩地区苦苣苔科一新种——鹿寨唇柱苣苔

描述了中国广西石灰岩地区苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)1新种--鹿寨唇柱苣苔(Chirita luzhaiensis Yah Lin,Y.S.Huang & W.B.Xu).该种与桂林唇柱苣苔(Chirita gueilinensis W.T.Wang)相似,但叶面被长柔毛和短柔毛,花药无毛,花丝近基部膝状弯曲,退化雄蕊3枚,无毛,花期12月至次年1月可与后者区别.目前,鹿寨唇柱苣苔仅见于广西鹿寨县中渡镇的两个石灰岩山洞中.     

江西省翼手目一新纪录——无尾蹄蝠

2012年2月在江西井冈山自然保护区采集到3只体型较小的蝙蝠,主要特征为:前臂长37.80～39.35mm,颅全长18.16～18.41mm;耳壳半透明呈圆形漏斗状;无尾椎骨,股间膜内凹呈"∧"形;背毛基部黑褐色,毛尖赤褐色,翼膜浅褐色。根据其特征鉴定为无尾蹄蝠Coelopsfrithi,江西省首次采集、记录到该种蝙蝠,属该省翼手目新纪录,并首次描述了该种阴茎骨形态。     

腺苞树萝卜，中国杜鹃花科一新记录种

报道了中国杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）一新记录种：腺苞树萝卜[Agapetes nana（Griff.） Hook. f.]。该种以花萼筒基部具有一圈具柄的腺毛组成的副萼状总苞,花冠筒裂至2/3,裂片反卷而与同属其他种类明显区别。该种原仅分布于印度东北部和缅甸北部,现首次在中国发现其分布。同时,提供了本种的描述和彩色图片,并首次报道成熟的花部形态,凭证标本保存于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆（HITBC）。     

珍稀油料树种琴叶风吹楠果实和种子形态变异

以云南野生琴叶风吹楠(Horsfieldia pandurifolia)为材料,对39株树的果实和种子的形态进行变异分析。结果表明,果实和种子形态指标株间变异大,株内变异小。单株间果实表现出从卵圆形至长椭圆形的变异,果长4~7 cm,先端圆钝至锐尖,基部不同程度偏斜,与文献记录差异较大;单株间种子形态表现出从卵形、长卵形至细长形或近锥形的变异。单株平均种长变幅为25.05~35.66 mm,种宽为13.30~19.62 mm,长宽比为1.47~2.32,单因素方差分析表明此3个性状单株间差异极显著(p<0.01)。灰白色种皮具褐色斑块,种脐和胚位于种子基部,种子先端突尖或具短喙是稳定的性状,有重要的分类学价值。     

长柄白点兰,中国白点属(兰科)一新记录种

报道了兰科(Orchidaceae)白点兰属一新记录种:长柄白点兰(Thrixspermum longipedicellatum),并提供了详细的形态描述和照片。该种的主要特征为,株型鸢尾形,花序侧生,具长蕊柱足,唇瓣基部囊状,中裂片心形。     

长柄白点兰,中国白点属(兰科)一新记录种（英文）

报道了兰科(Orchidaceae)白点兰属一新记录种:长柄白点兰(Thrixspermum longipedicellatum),并提供了详细的形态描述和照片。该种的主要特征为,株型鸢尾形,花序侧生,具长蕊柱足,唇瓣基部囊状,中裂片心形。     

半耳箬竹(竹亚科)的形态补充描述

半耳箬竹[Indocalamus semifalcatus(H. R. Zhao et Y. L. Yang) T. P. Yi]在原始文献中仅有部分营养器官的描述。该文通过野外居群调查、室内体视解剖和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,新增了半耳箬竹的花器官描述和叶下表皮微形态特征,完善了其营养器官的性状描述,更新了其地理分布。结果表明：(1)繁殖器官性状：花序为圆锥状,小穗及小穗轴密被白色短柔毛,颖片、外稃及内稃光滑无毛,雄蕊3枚,花药紫红色,柱头2,白色,羽毛状。(2)营养体性状：秆高达4.5 m,径达2 cm,箨耳半镰形或微弱,箨片直立紧贴秆,叶耳微弱或无,叶舌上具较发达的纤毛;叶片两面同色且无毛。(3)叶下表皮微形态特征：气孔器凹陷不可见,8～10个长乳突平铺覆盖气孔,硅质体马鞍形,未见有大毛和刺毛。(4)新分布区域1个,即贵州省贵阳市观音山。该种与箬叶竹(I.longiauritus Hand.-Mazz.)最为相似,主要区别在于该种的箨鞘和叶鞘上具有半镰形的箨耳或箨耳缺失,秆高达4.5 m,径达2 cm。     

Paeonia rotundiloba (D. Y. Hong) D. Y. Hong: A new status in tree peonies (Paeoniaceae)

Abstract Paeonia decomposita Hand.‐Mazz. subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong is here raised to the specific rank, P. rotundiloba (D. Y. Hong) D. Y. Hong, based on its distinctiveness of four diagnostic characters: number of carpels; height of disk; number of leaflets of the lower leaves, and shape of the terminal leaflets; and unpublished molecular data. Paeonia rotundiloba differs distinctly from P. decomposita in having carpels mostly 3, less often 2 or 4, very rarely 5 (vs. almost always 5, very occasionally 4 or 3), disk 8–15 mm high (vs. 4–9.6 mm), leaflets mostly 19–39 (vs. 29–63) in number, and ratio of length to width of the terminal leaflets 1.09–1.93 (vs. 1.81–2.99).     

Paeonia rotundiloba (D.Y.Hong) D.Y.Hong: A new status in tree peonies (Paeoniaceae)

Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.subsp,rotundiloba D.Y.Hong is here raised to the specific rank,P.rotundiloba (D.Y.Hong) D.Y.Hong,based on its distinctiveness of four diagnostic characters:number of carpels;height of disk; number of leaflets of the lower leaves,and shape of the terminal leaflets; and unpublished molecular data.Paeonia rotundiloba differs distinctly from P.decomposita in having carpels mostly 3,less often 2 or 4,very rarely 5 (vs.almost always 5,very occasionally 4 or 3),disk 8-15 mm high (vs.4-9.6 mm),leaflets mostly 19-39(vs.29-63) in number,and ratio of length to width of the terminal leaflets 1.09-1.93 (vs.1.81-2.99).     

pH dependent competition between Y(Z) and Y(D) in photosystem II probed by illumination at 5 K

The photosystem II (PSII) reaction center contains two redox active tyrosines, YZ and YD, situated on the D1 and D2 proteins, respectively. By illumination at 5 K, oxidation of YZ in oxygen-evolving PSII can be observed as induction of the Split S1 EPR signal from YZ* in magnetic interaction with the CaMn4 cluster, whereas oxidation of YD can be observed as the formation of the free radical EPR signal from YD*. We have followed the light induced induction at 5 K of the Split S1 signal between pH 4-8.5. The formation of the signal, that is, the oxidation of YZ, is pH independent and efficient between pH 5.5 and 8.5. At low pH, the split signal formation decreases with pKa approximately 4.7-4.9. In samples with chemically pre-reduced YD, the pH dependent competition between YZ and YD was studied. Only YZ was oxidized below pH 7.2, but at pH above 7.2, the oxidation of YD became possible, and the formation of the Split S1 signal diminished. The onset of YD oxidation occurred with pKa approximately 8.0, while the Split S1 signal decreased with pKa approximately 7.9 demonstrating that the two tyrosines compete in this pH interval. The results reflect the formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds between YZ and D1-His190 (HisZ) and YD and D2-His190 (HisD), respectively. The oxidation of respective tyrosine at 5 K demands that the hydrogen bond is well-defined; otherwise, the low-temperature oxidation is not possible. The results are discussed in the framework of recent literature data and with respect to the different oxidation kinetics of YZ and YD.     

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) neuropeptide Y.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been isolated from brain extracts of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and subjected to structural analyses. Plasma desorption mass spectroscopy estimated the molecular mass of the purified peptide as 4303.9 Da. Automated Edman degradation unequivocally established the sequence of a 36 amino acid residue peptide as: Tyr-Pro-Pro-Lys-Pro-Glu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Tyr-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr. The molecular mass calculated from this sequence (4304 Da) is consistent with that obtained by mass spectroscopy. The presence of a C-terminal amide was established by radioimmunoassay. Rainbow trout NPY is identical in primary structure to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) pancreatic polypeptide (PP). These data may indicate that, in this group of salmonid fishes, a single member of the NPY/PP peptide family is expressed in both neurons and peripheral endocrine cells.     

Familial mosaicism of del(Y) and inv del(Y)

Molecular cytogenetic investigation of a male proband showing oligozoospermia (OAT I-II degrees ) has led to the detection of a Y-chromosome mosaicism. This mosaicism consists of a deleted Y chromosome with deletion of most of the long-arm heterochromatin, including the PAR2, del(Y), and a Y chromosome, which, in addition to that deletion, shows a paracentric long-arm inversion, inv del(Y), with breakpoints in the DAZ gene cluster in deletion interval 6 and within the remainder of the long-arm heterochromatin of the Y. The Y mosaicism is not confined to the sterile proband but is also detected in both his father and his fertile brother. Interestingly, the percentage of inv del(Y) is highest (80%) in the proband showing oligozoospermia.     

雷公青冈和滇南青冈学名订正

分布于华南的雷公青冈Quercus hui Chun和分布于云南及广西的滇南青冈Q.austroglauca(Y.T.Chang)Y.T.Chang长期被认为是我国特有植物,实则分别为越南北部分布的Q.auricoma A.Camus和云南东南部分布的龙迈青冈Q.lungmaiensis(Hu)C.C.Huang & ...     

Dihydropyridine neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptor antagonists

Dihydropyridine 5a was found to be an inhibitor of neuropeptide Y(1) binding in a high throughput (125)I-PYY screening assay. Structure-activity studies around certain portions of the dihydropyridine chemotype identified BMS-193885 (6e) as a potent and selective Y(1) receptor antagonist. In a forskolin-stimulated c-AMP production assay using CHO cells expressing the human Y(1) receptor, 6e demonstrated full functional antagonism (K(b)=4.5 nM). Compound 6e inhibited NPY-induced feeding in satiated rats when dosed at 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg (ip), and also decreased spontaneous overnight food consumption in rats at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg (ip).     

Rapid internalization and recycling of the human neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptor.

Desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involves receptor phosphorylation and reduction in the number of receptors at the cell surface. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y(1) receptor undergoes fast desensitization. We examined agonist-induced signaling and internalization using NPY Y(1) receptors fused to green fluorescent protein (EGFP). When expressed in HEK293 cells, EGFP-hNPY Y(1) receptors were localized at the plasma membrane, desensitized rapidly as assessed using calcium responses, and had similar properties compared to hNPY Y(1) receptors. Upon agonist challenge, the EGFP signal decreased rapidly (t(1/2) = 107 +/- 3 s) followed by a slow recovery. This decrease was blocked by BIBP3226, a Y(1) receptor antagonist, or by pertussis toxin, in agreement with Y(1) receptor activation. Internalization of EGFP-hNPY Y(1) receptors to acidic endosomal compartments likely accounts for the decrease in the EGFP signal, being absent after pretreatment with monensin. Concanavalin A and hypertonic sucrose, which inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis, blocked the decrease in fluorescence. After agonist, intracellular EGFP signals were punctate and co-localized with transferrin-Texas Red, a marker of clathrin-associated internalization and recycling, but not with LysoTracker Red, a lysosomal pathway marker, supporting receptor trafficking to recycling endosomes rather than the late endosomal/lysosomal pathway. Pulse-chase experiments revealed no receptor degradation after internalization. The slow recovery of fluorescence was unaffected by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, indicating that de novo synthesis of receptors was not limiting. Use of a multicompartment model to fit our fluorescence data allows simultaneous determination of internalization and recycling rate constants. We propose that rapid internalization of receptors via the clathrin-coated pits recycling pathway may largely account for the rapid desensitization of NPY Y(1) receptors.