生淀粉糖化酶产生菌Cellulosimicrobium sp.SDE的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

从淀粉制品厂周围土壤中分离到一株高产生淀粉糖化酶的菌株SDE,经形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析将其鉴定为Cellulosimicrobium sp..SDE菌株的最适产酶条件为pH7.0,培养温度为30℃.培养42h粗酶液的酶活达175.3U/mL.该酶以生玉米淀粉为底物时,最适作用pH6.0,最适作用温度40℃,pH6.0-7.0范围内酶活力稳定.在Ca2 存在下,酶的热稳定性很高,80℃保温1 h后,酶活力仍保持50%.Ba2 、Cu2 对酶活有强烈的抑制作用,Ca2 、Zn2 有很强的激活作用.     

低温生淀粉糖化酶菌株RS01分离及其酶学性质

自渤海湾海泥中分离得到一株产低温生淀粉糖化酶能力较强的菌株RS01,经形态学、生理生化特性及16S rRNA分析将其鉴定为气单胞菌属。对该菌株产的低温生淀粉糖化酶酶学性质进行初步研究,结果表明其最适酶反应温度为30℃,酶的热稳定性比较差,最适pH为5.4,经TLC鉴定酶解产物中有葡萄糖,表明该分离菌株具有产低温生淀粉糖化酶的能力。     

昆虫来源的几丁质酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

几丁质酶在真菌和昆虫的生理和发育过程中起着关键作用,该酶本身及其酶抑制剂是获取生物农药的重要途径。本研究从蚕蛹体内提取几丁质粗酶,经硫酸铵分级沉淀和Sephadex G-150分离得到几丁质酶。用SDS-PAGE测得该酶的分子量为88kDa。水解胶体几丁质的Km值为22.3μmol/L。酶反应的最适温度为45℃,最适pH值为6.0,金属离子和有机试剂对几丁质酶活性都有影响,其中高浓度的Mn2+对酶有较强的激活作用,而Cu2+、SDS则有较强的抑制作用。研究结果为基于几丁质酶的生物农药筛选研究奠定了基础。     

黑曲霉S4生淀粉糖化酶的分离纯化及其特性

用酒精沉淀、Sephadex G—100凝胶过滤和离子交换柱层析等步骤对黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)S4的生淀粉糖化酶进行了分离,纯化出三个电泳纯组分(GI、GII和GIII),纯化倍数分别为5.4、6.0和1.9;酶活收率分别为10．2％、10．7％和1．9％。三个组分均为酸性糖蛋白,其糖含量分别为11．68％、8．6％和3．6％;pl值分别为4．0、3．9和3．6;分手量分别为1380 00、62000和57500。 通过对这三个组分的性质和它们对生淀粉作用副Vmax／K。值的测定,探讨了生淀粉糖化酶的作用机理。     

灵芝EIM-40漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

采用冻干浓缩、（NH4）2S04盐析、HiTrapphenyl（FF）疏水层析和QSepharose FastFlow离子交换层析对灵芝EIM-40发酵液进行分离纯化,获得纯化漆酶,纯化倍数为14．6,回收率为5．3％。SDS-PAGE银染的结果为单一条带,相对分子质量约为6．53×104。以愈创木酚和2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）为催化底物进行酶学性质研究,最适pH分别为4．8和4．5,最适温度分别为55和50℃,2种底物在pH4．0。5．0范围内,温度低于50℃时,酶的稳定性都很好。以愈创木酚为底物,Km=645．0umol／L;以ABTS为底物,Km=22．2txmol／L。Cu2＋对该酶起激活作用,Fe2＋、Ca2＋、Ba2＋则完全抑制酶的活性。     

M-26碱性木聚糖酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

从Bacillus pumilus M-26发酵液中分离纯化碱性木聚糖酶,进行酶学性质研究,同时制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶制剂。首先将M-26发酵液进行硫酸铵盐析,制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶干品;然后进行sephadexG-25层析脱盐和cellulose DE-52层析得以纯化。硫酸铵的饱和度50%,酶制剂的酶活可达9 000 IU/g,收率为85%;分离纯化使酶的比活为126.32 IU/mg蛋白,纯化倍数为19.89,酶的回收率12.83%;分子量约为20 ku;M-26碱性木聚糖酶的最适温度和pH分别是55℃和pH 8.0,具有一定的耐碱性;该酶无纤维素酶活性,Fe2＋对其有激活作用;Mn2＋、Zn2＋、Fe3＋、Cu2＋对其具有抑制作用。短小芽胞杆菌M-26碱性木聚糖酶具有纸浆生物漂白应用前景。     

海洋来源琼胶酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

采用Vibiro sp.ZC-1发酵制备琼胶酶,粗酶液经过中空纤维柱浓缩、硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-阴离子交换层析,得到一个电泳纯的琼胶酶组分Aga ZC-1,其分子质量约为45k Da,比活力为114.613U/mg。对Aga ZC-1进行酶学性质分析,结果表明,其最适反应p H为7.0,在p H为5.0~9.0时保温1h仍能保持80%以上的酶活力;最适反应温度为50℃,在45℃条件下保温1h酶活力保持在60%以上。在高浓度(5mmol/L)下,Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)、Sn~(2+)和Zn~(2+)能完全抑制琼胶酶的活性,在低浓度(1mmol/L)下,Cu~(2+)、Ba~(2+)、Na~+、Zn~(2+)、Ag~+、Sr~(3+)、K+对琼胶酶活性具有明显抑制作用。琼胶酶的动力学参数K_m和V_(max)分别为0.538mg/ml和6.33μmol/(L·min),对琼胶底物具有高度专一性,降解产物主要为新琼四糖和新琼六糖。     

枯草杆菌蛋白酶的纯化及酶学性质

本文利用实验室保存的枯草杆菌发酵产生枯草杆菌蛋白酶,并经(NH4)2SO4盐析和CM-sepharose Fast Flow对枯草杆菌蛋白酶进行纯化,用SDSPAGE检测纯化效果,显示该酶分子量低于14kDa,并对蛋白酶的酶学性质、体外溶栓特性及溶栓机理进行初步探讨,其最适反应温度为60-70℃,但50℃以下稳定性良好,最适反应pH为7,pH6-8稳定。     

米曲霉蛋白酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

【目的】获得米曲霉蛋白酶主要成分及其酶学性质。【方法】利用硫酸铵盐析,DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析、Phenyl-Sepharose HP疏水层析和Superdex-G75/200凝胶层析对米曲霉所产蛋白酶系进行分离纯化,SDS-PAGE检测蛋白酶纯度和分子量,采用高效液相凝胶色谱分析两种蛋白酶酶解产物。【结果】从米曲霉所产蛋白酶系中分离纯化获得两种蛋白酶组分P1和P2,分子质量分别约为37 kD和45 kD。以酪蛋白为底物时,P1的Km=8.36 g/L,Vm=12.95μg/(mL·min),最适反应条件为pH 8.0、45°C;P2的Km=4.11 g/L,Vm=4.86μg/(mL·min),最适反应条件为pH 7.0、45°C。两种蛋白酶均对酪蛋白水解活性最高,而对牛血清蛋白的水解活性很低。P1和P2分别酶解大豆分离蛋白后水解产物中肽分子质量分布呈现出一定的差异。【结论】两种蛋白酶的酶学性质存在差异;两者对疏水氨基酸构成的肽键具有选择性,但其作用基团存在特异性。这些研究结果将为米曲霉所产蛋白酶在食品上的应用提供指导。     

嗜热菌来源的生淀粉酶分离纯化及其酶学性质

从嗜热菌库中分离到两株能水解生淀粉的菌株173和174,通过扩增和测定两株菌的16S rDNA序列并进行比对结果表明,所分离两株菌属于Geobacillus属的细菌.液体摇瓶发酵菌株173、174,其产生的生淀粉酶(简称RSDE173、RSDE174)活力分别达14.5 U/mL和12.9 U/mL.通过生淀粉吸附-熟淀粉洗脱系统和TOYOPEARL HW-55F系统进行分离纯化,得到纯化的RSDE173和RSDE174,纯化倍数分别为50和29,活力回收率分别为34%和41%.有关RSDE173和RSDE174酶学性质研究显示.对熟淀粉水解的最适作用温度均为70℃,而对生淀粉水解则分别在50℃～60℃和40℃～60℃下表现出高水解活力;对不同底物的最适作用pH值均为5.0～5.5;它们对大多数试验离子的敏感性较低,但个别离子如Co2 、Cu'2 对RSDE173或u'2 对RSDE174的酶活力有一定的抑制作用.纯化的这两种生淀粉酶对不同来源生淀粉的底物专一性并不相同.RSDE173底物专一性顺序为红薯淀粉>小麦淀粉>玉米淀粉>木薯淀粉>糯米淀粉;而RSDE174的糯米淀粉>小麦淀粉>红薯淀粉>玉米淀粉>木薯淀粉.RSDE173对生红薯淀粉有很好的降解,其水解糊化淀粉与生红薯淀粉的比值为1.48;而RSDE174优先降解生糯米淀粉,其相应比值为1.69.     

一株产生淀粉分解酶犁头霉的分离鉴定及其酶学性质

从保宁麸醋醋曲中定向筛选得到一株产生淀粉分解酶的菌株CQB43,其酶活力为105.2 U/mL,RDA值达到27.9%。通过形态观察和分子生物学鉴定确定该菌株为伞枝犁头霉Absidia corymbifera。对该菌株分泌生淀粉酶酶学性质的研究结果表明,该酶在pH为4.0-5.6的范围相对稳定,最适pH是5.0;在60°C以下的范围内具有较好的热稳定性,最适作用温度为40°C。研究金属离子对其活力影响的结果表明,Co2+对该生淀粉糖化酶有激活作用,Fe3+和Ca2+对该酶有抑制作用。     

Purification and characterization of a neutral endoxylanase from Aspergillus nidulans

Abstract A neutral endoxylanase from a culture filtrate of Aspergillus nidulans grown on oat spelt xylan was purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of 22,000 and had an isoelectric point of 6.4. The enzyme was a non-debranching endoxylanase highly specific for xylans and completely free from cellulolytic activity. The xylanase showed an optimum activity at pH 5.5 and 62°C and had a K m of 4.2 mg oat spelt xylan per ml and a V max of 710 μmol min⁻¹ (mg protein)⁻¹.     

一株产生淀粉酶杆菌Bacillus sp. GEL-09的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

【背景】生淀粉酶可以水解生淀粉颗粒,在酒精发酵、白酒、黄酒和食醋的生料酿造工业中具有广阔的应用前景。【目的】从自然环境中筛选产生淀粉酶的菌,对其发酵条件及酶性能进行考察,为淀粉生料发酵过程提供优良菌种和酶资源。【方法】取木薯田土壤,经过稀释、热处理、富集培养以及木薯淀粉平板筛选培养基初筛,摇瓶复筛得到产高效降解生淀粉酶的菌株;经过菌落形态、细胞染色观察以及16S rRNA基因序列比对进行鉴定;对筛选菌株的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化,并对酶蛋白进行分离纯化和酶学性质分析。【结果】分离到一株具有较高生淀粉酶水解活力的菌株GEL-09,经鉴定为芽胞杆菌Bacillus sp.GEL-09;该菌在最优发酵条件下培养96 h,胞外酶活力达到430.6 U/m L,是优化前的2.8倍;酶学性质分析发现该酶为中温、中性酶,最适温度和p H为50°C和7.0;生淀粉降解能力对比发现,该酶的生淀粉降解能力值为62.3%,显著高于细菌α-淀粉酶、生麦芽糖淀粉酶和甘薯β-淀粉酶对生淀粉的降解能力。【结论】Bacillus sp.GEL-09在生淀粉酶生产方面具有良好的开发应用前景。     

Purification and characterization of a novel phytase from Nocardia sp. MB 36

Phytase from Nocardia sp. MB 36 was purified (9.65-fold) to homogeneity by acetone precipitation, ion exchange, and molecular sieve chromatography. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and zymogram analysis showed a single active protein in the purified enzyme preparation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE analysis showed that phytase was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of approximately 43 kDa. Phytase exhibited activity and stability over a broad pH range (2–8) and elevated temperatures (50–80°C), and utilized several phosphate compounds as substrates. Phytase was extremely resistant to pepsin and trypsin. Various metal ions viz. Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, and Mn²⁺, and NH₄⁺, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or EDTA and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride or PMSF had no influence on activity, while Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ enhanced activity by 15 % and 3.58 %, respectively. SDS caused significant reduction in enzyme activity (41.8 %), while 2,3-butanedione did so moderately (15.9 %). Features of Nocardia sp. MB 36 phytase suggest a potential for animal feed applications.     

Purification and characterization of a nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10

Aspergillus niger K10 cultivated on 2-cyanopyridine produced high levels of an intracellular nitrilase, which was partially purified (18.6-fold) with a 24% yield. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was highly homologous with that of a putative nitrilase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293. The enzyme was copurified with two proteins, the N-terminal amino acid sequences of which revealed high homology with those of hsp60 and an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The nitrilase exhibited maximum activity (91.6 U mg^-1) at 45°C and pH 8.0. Its preferred substrates, in the descending order, were 4-cyanopyridine, benzonitrile, 1,4-dicyanobenzene, thiophen-2-acetonitrile, 3-chlorobenzonitrile, 3-cyanopyridine, and 4-chlorobenzonitrile. Formation of amides as by-products was most intensive, in the descending order, for 2-cyanopyridine, 4-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-cyanopyridine, and 1,4-dicyanobenzene. The enzyme stability was markedly improved in the presence of d-sorbitol or xylitol (20% w/v each). p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate and heavy metal ions were the most powerful inhibitors of the enzyme.     

生淀粉酶生产菌株Paenibacillus sp.的筛选和酶的纯化及酶学性质

分离得到1株产生淀粉酶的菌株,通过扩增和测定16S rDNA序列并进行比对,发现是Paenibacillus属的细菌。液体摇瓶发酵结束后,其产生的生淀粉酶比酶活达108.5U/mL。通过饱和(NH4)2SO4沉淀、Sephacryl S-300层析的方法对其所产的生淀粉酶进行分离纯化,得到纯化的酶蛋白比酶活为5112.04U/mg,纯化倍数为14.1,相对分子质量约为1.0×105。该酶以木薯生淀粉为底物时,最适pH5.6,最适温度50℃。金属离子Ca2+、Mg2+对该酶具有激活作用,Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Co2+和EDTA2-对该酶均具有抑制作用。     

Purification and characterization of xylanase from Aspergillus ficuum AF-98

The purification and characterization of xylanase from Aspergillus ficuum AF-98 were investigated in this work. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal was purified 32.6-fold to homogeneity throughout the precipitation with 50–80% (NH₄)₂SO₄, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The purified xylanase (specific activity at 288.7 U/ mg protein) was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 35.0 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimal temperature and pH for the action of the enzyme were at 45 °C and 5.0, respectively. The xylanase was activated by Cu²⁺ up to 115.8% of activity, and was strongly inhibited by Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ up to 52.8% and 89%, respectively. The xylanase exhibited K_m and V_max values of 3.267 mg/mL, 18.38 M/min/mg for beechwood xylan and 3.747 mg/mL, 11.1 M/min/mg for birchwood xylan, respectively.