鸭源H9N2AIV血凝素基因序列比较

为明确国内外鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)血凝素基因(hemagglutinin,HA)的遗传进化关系、血凝素蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸结构特征和血凝素蛋白受体结合位点的氨基酸变异特征,本研究选取GenBank中登录鸭源H9N2亚型AIV HA基因,通过MEGA4.1进行比对和分析,并绘制其遗传进化树。结果表明,鸭源H9N2亚型AIV在遗传进化上分为2大谱系:即Ck-Bj-1-94-like和North-Ame-like,中国大陆鸭源H9N2亚型AIV和亚欧美其它国家鸭源H9N2亚型AIV在遗传进化上分居完全不同的谱系,相互之间遗传进化关系较远。从血凝素受体结合位点看,亚欧美国家鸭源H9N2亚型AIV在第183、190和226位点的氨基酸均为鸭源AIV经典H、E和Q,且高度保守。但中国大陆地区H9N2亚型AIV第183位为N;第190位为A or V or T,与中国大陆鸡源H9N2亚型AIV一致;第226位中国鸭源H9N2亚型AIV有相当一部分为L,且近年福建省H9N2亚型AIV分离株在此处均为L。提示我们,中国大陆地区H9N2亚型AIV鸭鸡和鸡鸭相互交叉感染较为普遍。     

Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells

Influenza A viruses of the H9N2 subtype are endemic in poultry in many Eurasian countries and have occasionally caused clinical respiratory diseases in humans. While some avian H9N2 viruses have glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 226 of the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-binding site, an increasing number of isolates have leucine (L) at this position, which has been associated with the establishment of stable lineages of the H2 and H3 subtypes of viruses in humans. Little is known about the importance of this molecular trait in the infection of H9N2 viruses in humans. We show here that during the course of a single cycle of infection in human airway epithelial (HAE) cells cultured in vitro, the L-226-containing H9N2 viruses displayed human virus-like cell tropisms (preferentially infecting nonciliated cells) different from the tropisms showed by Q-226-containing H9N2 isolates (which infect both ciliated and nonciliated cells at ratios of 1:1 to 3:2) or other waterfowl viruses (which preferentially infect ciliated cells). During multiple cycles of replication in HAE cultures, L-226-containing H9N2 isolates grew consistently more efficiently and reached approximately 100-fold-higher peak titers than those containing Q-226, although peak titers were significantly lower than those induced by human H3N2 viruses. Our results suggest that the variation in residue 226 in the HA affects both cell tropism and replication of H9N2 viruses in HAE cells and may have implications for the abilities of these viruses to infect humans.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒基因组的遗传进化分析

2009～2011年从江苏省、湖北省和安徽省等地来源于鸡、鸭、鹌鹑和鸽子的样品中分离鉴定出16株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒。通过反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增出分离株的全基因片段,并对其进行测序及遗传进化分析。序列分析显示,16株病毒HA基因裂解位点氨基酸序列为P-S-R/K-S-S-R,符合低致病性禽流感的分子特征;226位均为L,具有与哺乳动物唾液酸α,2-6受体结合的特性。M2基因均出现了对金刚烷胺产生耐药性的N31S突变。不同宿主来源的H9亚型AIV的主要分子特征一致。全基因遗传进化分析表明16株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒全基因发生了3配体重组,即以F98亚系AIV为骨架,HA来源于Y280亚系,PB2和M基因来源于G1亚系,形成了2种新的基因型。因此,要加强对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的监测,密切关注它的重组趋势。     

2017年河北省蛋鸡养殖场H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的遗传演化和抗原性分析

【背景】H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在鸡群中广泛流行,引起巨大损失。【目的】了解河北省蛋鸡养殖场H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)的基因序列和抗原性的变异情况,为该病原的科学防控提供理论依据。【方法】于2017年从河北省部分蛋鸡养殖场分离鉴定出7株H9N2亚型AIV,对其HA基因进行序列测定,并进行遗传演化、关键氨基酸位点及抗原性分析。【结果】7株分离毒株HA基因同源性在95.5%?97.2%之间;与2016年前的流行毒株相比,分离病毒HA裂解位点均为典型低致病性AIV特征,在受体结合区域出现变异,潜在糖基化位点无明显差异;抗原分析结果显示分离毒株与早期分离株相比抗原性发生了变异,形成了新的抗原群;抗原性相关位点分析显示,分离毒株在9个位点发生了较为明显的突变,可能是导致抗原性变异的分子基础。【结论】河北省蛋鸡养殖场H9N2亚型AIV中的流行毒株在关键功能区发生基因突变,并且抗原性发生变异,提示应持续监测H9N2亚型AIV的遗传变异情况,并及时更换疫苗株。     

我国部分地区H9亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因序列比较与遗传发生关系分析

为从分子水平掌握我国H9亚型AIV的遗传变异情况和流行规律,本研究汇集近年来从我国12个省、市、自治区的发病鸡群中分离到的23株H9亚型禽流感病毒,通过RT-PCR方法和核苷酸序列测定获得了23个毒株的HA基因cDNA核苷酸序列。核苷酸和推导的氨基酸序列同源性比较结果表明,这些毒株HA基因的核苷酸序列同源性为94．1％～100％,氨基酸序列同源性为95．4％～100%;将这23个毒株和来自亚洲及世界其它地区的另外31株的HA基因cDNA序列同源性进行比较发现,分离自香港的HK170499株与日本的2个毒株关系较近;氨基酸序列分析发现,CKGS199、CKTJ196、CKTJ296、CKSH300和CKBJ197五个毒株各发生了一个潜在的糖基化位点的丢失。54株H9亚型AIVHA基因55bp～1152bp的氨基酸序列分析发现,裂解位点尽管有10种基序,但本研究中的23株和近年来从我国大陆和香港地区的分离的毒株则均为RSSR↓GLF;构成受体结合位点的191位氨基酸有一个规律,即所有中国大陆毒株与部分香港毒株都为N,其它毒株均为H,141aa～143aa处的糖基化位点有与191aa类似的规律,即：凡是191aa为N的毒株,该处均为NVS（CKBJ194除外）,凡是191aa为H的毒株,则该处均为NVT;遗传发生关系分析,中国大陆毒株处于欧亚谱系的第一支。本研究结果表明近年来我国鸡群中H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的感染流行可能有一个共同的来源,这为制定防治该亚型禽流感流行的有效对策提供了重要的科学依据。     

我国部分禽流感病毒H5N1之HA序列变异演化分析

从GenBank上获得我国人(Homo sapiens)、家禽和野鸟42株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的HA基因核酸序列,利用DNAStar分析HA蛋白关键位点氨基酸残基的变化,比较HA基因核苷酸序列同源性,构建遗传进化树.探讨我国部分人、家禽和野鸟H5N1病毒基因的遗传进化关系.序列分析结果表明:禽流感病毒H5N1亚型的HA基因持续地发生着变异,但并非以均一速度进行,时间间隔愈长,核苷酸同源性愈低;我国同一地区或临近地区,当年或前后两年发生的人及家禽感染的禽流感病毒高度同源.推测我国部分人发生的禽流感可能是通过家禽感染的;候鸟的迁徙在传播病毒过程中所起的作用有待深入探讨.     

在疫苗免疫选择压力下H9N2亚型禽流行性感冒病毒HA基因的遗传变异

为了解H9N2亚型禽流行性感冒(流感)病毒在同亚型灭活疫苗的选择压力下的遗传变异情况,对某鸡场的感染鸡群进行连续4年的跟踪监测,对使用疫苗前和持续使用疫苗后不同时段分离到的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的HA基因进行全序列分析.结果表明,在使用第一次分离的病毒株制备的疫苗后8个月分离到的病毒株,其HA基因仅发生一个氨基酸的差异;但在继续使用该疫苗的第二个和第三个年头分离的病毒株,它们的HA基因则一直在发生较大的变化.这一发现对进一步研究禽流感病毒在不断使用疫苗的选择压力下发生变异的规律,指导制定正确的禽流感防制对策具有重要意义.     

Acquisition of human-type receptor binding specificity by new H5N1 influenza virus sublineages during their emergence in birds in Egypt

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 is currently widespread in Asia, Europe, and Africa, with 60% mortality in humans. In particular, since 2009 Egypt has unexpectedly had the highest number of human cases of H5N1 virus infection, with more than 50% of the cases worldwide, but the basis for this high incidence has not been elucidated. A change in receptor binding affinity of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) from α2,3- to α2,6-linked sialic acid (SA) is thought to be necessary for H5N1 virus to become pandemic. In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of H5N1 viruses isolated between 2006 and 2009 in Egypt. The phylogenetic results showed that recent human isolates clustered disproportionally into several new H5 sublineages suggesting that their HAs have changed their receptor specificity. Using reverse genetics, we found that these H5 sublineages have acquired an enhanced binding affinity for α2,6 SA in combination with residual affinity for α2,3 SA, and identified the amino acid mutations that produced this new receptor specificity. Recombinant H5N1 viruses with a single mutation at HA residue 192 or a double mutation at HA residues 129 and 151 had increased attachment to and infectivity in the human lower respiratory tract but not in the larynx. These findings correlated with enhanced virulence of the mutant viruses in mice. Interestingly, these H5 viruses, with increased affinity to α2,6 SA, emerged during viral diversification in bird populations and subsequently spread to humans. Our findings suggested that emergence of new H5 sublineages with α2,6 SA specificity caused a subsequent increase in human H5N1 influenza virus infections in Egypt, and provided data for understanding the virus's pandemic potential.     

两株H9N2亚型禽流行性感冒病毒HA基因序列分析

禽流感(AI)是由A型流行性感冒(流感)病毒引起的一种严重危害禽类健康的传染性疾病.禽类感染禽流感病毒(AIV)后,症状可表现为非显性感染,亚临诊感染,或轻度呼吸道疾病,产蛋量降低,直至急性全身致死性疾病等多种形式.     

Novel Genotypes of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Poultry in Pakistan Containing NS Genes Similar to Highly Pathogenic H7N3 and H5N1 Viruses

The impact of avian influenza caused by H9N2 viruses in Pakistan is now significantly more severe than in previous years. Since all gene segments contribute towards the virulence of avian influenza virus, it was imperative to investigate the molecular features and genetic relationships of H9N2 viruses prevalent in this region. Analysis of the gene sequences of all eight RNA segments from 12 viruses isolated between 2005 and 2008 was undertaken. The hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of all isolates were closely related to H9N2 viruses isolated from Iran between 2004 and 2007 and contained leucine instead of glutamine at position 226 in the receptor binding pocket, a recognised marker for the recognition of sialic acids linked α2–6 to galactose. The neuraminidase (NA) of two isolates contained a unique five residue deletion in the stalk (from residues 80 to 84), a possible indication of greater adaptation of these viruses to the chicken host. The HA, NA, nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix (M) genes showed close identity with H9N2 viruses isolated during 1999 in Pakistan and clustered in the A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 virus lineage. In contrast, the polymerase genes clustered with H9N2 viruses from India, Iran and Dubai. The NS gene segment showed greater genetic diversity and shared a high level of similarity with NS genes from either H5 or H7 subtypes rather than with established H9N2 Eurasian lineages. These results indicate that during recent years the H9N2 viruses have undergone extensive genetic reassortment which has led to the generation of H9N2 viruses of novel genotypes in the Indian sub-continent. The novel genotypes of H9N2 viruses may play a role in the increased problems observed by H9N2 to poultry and reinforce the continued need to monitor H9N2 infections for their zoonotic potential.     

中国H5N1禽流感病毒HA基因的分子进化分析

为了阐明中国H5N1禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因的分子进化规律,从GenBank下载中国近年来分离的27株禽流感H5N1病毒的HA基因,利用LaserGene软件包中的EditSeq程序剪切共同序列并翻译成氨基酸序列,与DNAMAN软件进行比对,并以LaserGene软件包中的MegAlign程序构建分子进化树,结合背景资料分析其传播流行规律。结果显示:①在HA裂解位点上游毗邻的位置,gdch04、gddu04、gxch0405、gxdu05、gxqu0502、hkcph05、stch05、stqu05、ynch0502株都缺失了三个碱基;②27株毒株在HA裂解位点上游毗邻的位置存在多个连续的碱性氨基酸;③来自广西的gxch0405、gxdu05、gxqu0502和来自香港的hkcph05、hkgh04的序列同源性很高,很可能与苍鹭的迁移有关;④来自广西的gxqu0502和来自香港的hkcph05亲源关系很近,很可能来自同一祖先。     

Molecular genetic characterization of H5N1 influenza virus strains isolated from poultry in the Kurgan region in 2005

In the second half of 2005, a large-scale outbreak of influenza in poultry and wild birds was caused by a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in Russia. The level of pathogenicity is a polygenic trait, and most individual genes contribute to the influenza A virus pathogenicity in birds, animals, and humans. The full-length nucleotide sequences were determined for H5N1 strains isolated in the Kurgan region (Western Siberia). The structure of viral proteins was analyzed using the deduced amino acid sequences. The receptor-binding site of hemagglutinin (HA) in strains A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 and A/duck/Kurgan/08/2005 was typical for avian influenza viruses and contained Glu and Gly at positions 226 and 228, respectively. The structure of the basic amino acid cluster located within the HA cleavage site was identical in all isolates: QGERRRKKR. According to the neuraminidase structure, all H5N1 isolates from the Kurgan region were assigned to the Z genotype. Amino acid residues typical for the avian influenza virus were revealed in 30 out of 32 positions of M1, M2, NP, PA, and PB2, determining the host range specificity. One of the strains contained Lys at position 627 of PB2. Isolates from the Kurgan region were shown to have a remantadine-sensitive genotype. Both strains contained Glu at position 92 of NS1, indicating that the virus is interferon-resistant. Phylogenetic analysis related the Kurgan isolates to subclade 2 of clade 2 of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses.     

A型猪流感病毒山东分离株鉴定及其HA基因序列分析

从山东各地疑似流感发病猪分离到10株流感病毒,经国家流感中心鉴定均为A型流感病毒H9N2亚型。将其中一株Sw／SD／1／2003(H9N2)的血凝素全基因(HA)进行克隆与测序,与GenBank收录的其它猪流感和禽流感H9N2亚型的HA基因进行比较,发现Sw／SD／1／2003(H9N2)的血凝素基因在核苷酸序列方面同广西1999年分离的禽流感毒株Ck／GX／99(H9N2)和2000年云南分离的禽流感毒株Ck／YN／2000(H9N2)的同源性最高;进化树分析表明Sw／SD／1／2003(H9N2)起源于禽源的H9N2亚型流感病毒;Sw／SD／1／2003的HA氨基酸裂解位点与其他H9N2亚型不问,Sw／SD／1／2003的HA氨基酸裂解位点是R-S-L-R-G,而其它猪流感和禽流感H9N2亚型都是R-S-S-R-G。     

Genetic and Molecular Characterization of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Live Poultry Markets in Hubei Province,Central China, 2013–2017

H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV) is an influenza A virus that is widely spread throughout Asia, where it jeopardizes the poultry industry and provides genetic material for emerging human pathogens. To better understand the epidemicity and genetics of H9 subtype AIVs, we conducted active surveillance in live poultry markets(LPMs) in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2017. A total of 4798 samples were collected from apparent healthy poultry and environment. Realtime RT-PCR revealed that the positivity rate of influenza A was 26.6%(1275/4798), of which the H9 subtype accounted for 50.3%(641/1275) of the positive samples. Of the 132 H9N2 viral strains isolated, 48 representative strains were subjected to evolutionary analysis and genotyping. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all H9N2 viral genes had 91.1%–100% nucleotide homology, clustered with genotype 57, and had high homology with human H9N2 viruses isolated from2013 to 2017 in China. Using a nucleotide divergence cutoff of 95%, we identified ten distinct H9N2 genotypes that continued to change over time. Molecular analysis demonstrated that six H9N2 isolates had additional potential glycosylation sites at position 218 in the hemagglutinin protein, and all isolates had I155 T and Q226 L mutations. Moreover, 44 strains had A558 V mutations in the PB2 protein and four had E627 V mutations, along with H9N2 human infection strains A/Beijing/1/2016 and A/Beijing/1/2017. These results emphasize that the H9N2 influenza virus in Hubei continues to mutate and undergo mammalian adaptation changes, indicating the necessity of strengthening the surveillance of the AIV H9N2 subtype in LPMs.     

Rapid evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in chickens in Hong Kong

The H5N1 avian influenza virus that killed 6 of 18 persons infected in Hong Kong in 1997 was transmitted directly from poultry to humans. Viral isolates from this outbreak may provide molecular clues to zoonotic transfer. Here we demonstrate that the H5N1 viruses circulating in poultry comprised two distinguishable phylogenetic lineages in all genes that were in very rapid evolution. When introduced into new hosts, influenza viruses usually undergo rapid alteration of their surface glycoproteins, especially in the hemagglutinin (HA). Surprisingly, these H5N1 isolates had a large proportion of amino acid changes in all gene products except in the HA. These viruses maybe reassortants each of whose HA gene is well adapted to domestic poultry while the rest of the genome arises from a different source. The consensus amino acid sequences of "internal" virion proteins reveal amino acids previously found in human strains. These human-specific amino acids may be important factors in zoonotic transmission.     

Replication and transmission of H9N2 influenza viruses in ferrets: evaluation of pandemic potential

H9N2 avian influenza A viruses are endemic in poultry of many Eurasian countries and have caused repeated human infections in Asia since 1998. To evaluate the potential threat of H9N2 viruses to humans, we investigated the replication and transmission efficiency of H9N2 viruses in the ferret model. Five wild-type (WT) H9N2 viruses, isolated from different avian species from 1988 through 2003, were tested in vivo and found to replicate in ferrets. However these viruses achieved mild peak viral titers in nasal washes when compared to those observed with a human H3N2 virus. Two of these H9N2 viruses transmitted to direct contact ferrets, however no aerosol transmission was detected in the virus displaying the most efficient direct contact transmission. A leucine (Leu) residue at amino acid position 226 in the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-binding site (RBS), responsible for human virus-like receptor specificity, was found to be important for the transmission of the H9N2 viruses in ferrets. In addition, an H9N2 avian-human reassortant virus, which contains the surface glycoprotein genes from an H9N2 virus and the six internal genes of a human H3N2 virus, showed enhanced replication and efficient transmission to direct contacts. Although no aerosol transmission was observed, the virus replicated in multiple respiratory tissues and induced clinical signs similar to those observed with the parental human H3N2 virus. Our results suggest that the establishment and prevalence of H9N2 viruses in poultry pose a significant threat for humans.     

山东地区16株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的序列分析

为了解H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)山东分离株的遗传变异情况,采用RT-PCR技术对16株从山东不同地区分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的HA基因进行扩增、克隆和测序,并对所获得的HA全序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析。结果显示,16个分离株的裂解位点均为RSSR↓GLF,符合低致病性禽流感病毒的分子特征;有7～9个潜在糖基化位点;受体结合位点除198位有变异,其他位点均较保守;234位氨基酸均为L,具有与哺乳动物唾液酸α,2-6受体结合的特征;16个分离株HA基因核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性分别为96.3%～99.9%和97.1%～99.6%;16个分离株同属于欧亚分支中的A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97亚群。     

近20年中国部分地区鸡源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA基因遗传演化及其变异频率北大核心CSCD

【目的】通过比较不同时期的H9N2亚型禽流感流行毒株HA基因的分子特征和变异频率,揭示免疫压力下病毒的遗传演化趋势。【方法】选取源于课题组的40株鸡源H9N2毒株,以及从Gen Bank下载的136株中国鸡源H9N2流行毒株和7株经典毒株的序列,利用Lasergen 7.1和MEGA 5.1等软件,对其HA基因进行系统演化、分子特征和变异频率分析。【结果】系统发育分析表明,近20年的鸡源H9N2流行株分属于BJ94、Y280和S2等谱系,优势流行株的分布与年代密切相关。氨基酸序列比较显示,H9N2病毒不同谱系之间具有各自的特征,且存在着明显的氨基酸变异积累。以Ck/BJ/1/1994 HA基因为参照,1994–2014年间,H9N2流行株核苷酸和氨基酸的年均进化率分别为5.73×10^(–3)和4.25×10^(–3)。其中,2011–2014年的核苷酸(氨基酸)年均进化率为6.35×10^(–3)(5.32×10^(–3)),明显高于2006–2010年5.22×10^(–3)(3.70×10^(–3)),更显著高于疫苗推广初期1999–2005年的0.74×10^(–3)(0.50×10^(–3))。【结论】H9N2疫苗株和流行毒株的不匹配是病毒变异频率加快的重要原因。     

B cell epitopes in the intrinsically disordered regions of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin proteins of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses for peptide-based vaccine development

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are very active in several parts of the globe and are the cause of huge economic loss for the poultry industry and also human fatalities. Three dimensional modeling was carried out for neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) proteins of AIV. The C-score, estimated TM-Score, and estimated root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) score for NA of H5N1 were −1.18, 0.57 ± 0.15, and 9.8 ± 7.6, respectively. The C-score, estimated TM-Score, and estimated RMSD score for NA of H9N2 were −1.43, 0.54 ± 0.15, and 10.5 ± 4.6, respectively. The C-score, estimated TM-Score, and estimated RMSD score for HA of H5N1 were −0.03, 0.71 ± 0.12, and 7.7 ± 4.3, respectively. The C-score, estimated TM-Score, and estimated RMSD score for HA of H9N2 were −0.57, 0.64 ± 0.13, and 8.9 ± 4.6, respectively. Intrinsically disordered regions were identified for the NA and HA proteins of H5N1 and H9N2 with the use of PONDR program. Linear B cell epitope was predicted using BepiPred 2 program for NA and HA of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza strains. Discontinuous epitopes were predicted by Discotope 2 program. The linear epitopes that were considered likely to be immunogenic and within the intrinsically disordered region for the NA of H5N1 was TKSTNSRSGFEMIWDPNGWTGTDSSFSVK, and for H9N2 it was VGDTPRNDDSSSSSNCRDPNNERGAP. In the case of HA of H5N1, it was QRLVPKIATRSKVNGQSG and ATGLRNSPQRERRRKK; for H9N2 it was INRTFKPLIGPRPLVNGLQG and SLKLAVGLRNVPARSSR. The discontinuous epitopes of NA of H5N1 and H9N2 were identified at various regions of the protein structure spanning from amino acid residue positions 90 to 449 and 107 to 469, respectively. Similarly, the discontinuous epitopes of HA of H5N1 and H9N2 were identified in the amino acid residue positions 27 to 517 and 136 to 521, respectively. This study has identified potential and highly immunogenic linear and conformational B-cell epitopes towards developing a vaccine against AIV both for human and poultry use.     

禽流感病毒分离株NS基因同源性及等位基因类型分析

目的　克隆测定国内具有代表性的禽流感病毒 (AIV)的非结构 (NS)蛋白基因核苷酸序列 ,分析其同源性和等位基因类型 ,为进一步探索禽流感NS蛋白抗体监测方法奠定基础。方法　经RT PCR扩增了国内 3株H9N2、2株H5N1、2株H7N2亚型AIV分离株的NS蛋白基因 ,并把扩增的基因片段克隆到pGEM T载体中测序 ,将测序结果与GenBank中的核苷酸序列进行同源性比较 ,绘制基因进化树。结果　经测序获得了各AIV分离株NS基因的完整编码序列。同源性分析表明 ,3株H9亚型AIV的NS基因之间的同源性为 96 %～ 98% ;两株H5亚型AIVNS基因同源性为 91 6 % ;两株H7亚型AIV的NS基因同源性为 98 9%。H5和H9亚型分离株的NS基因之间的同源性均高于 90 % ;而H7N2亚型分离株与其它两种亚型分离株的NS基因同源性约为 6 0 %～ 70 %。在AIVNS基因系统发育进化树中 ,H5、H9亚型分离株都处于等位基因A群内 ;3株H9亚型分离株的进化关系较近 ,与香港、广东的部分H5N1病毒株起源相同 ,而 2株H5病毒的NS基因则处于不同分枝内 ;2株H7亚型分离株的NS基因都处于等位基因B群内 ,进化关系较近。结论　这 7株国内AIV分离株的NS基因之间的同源性差异较大 ,约为 6 0 %～ 99% ,且包括A、B两种类型的等位基因