不同异源启动子与MDV gB启动子及其复合启动子的活性比较

为了选择适宜的启动子调控外源基因的表达,以改善马立克氏病病毒为载体的重组病毒的免疫保护力。将hCMV立即早期启动子及增强子、SV40早晚期启动子及增强子或hCMV立即早期增强子的部分序列分别与马立克氏病病毒（MDV）自身的囊膜糖蛋白B基因（gB）启动子核心部分在体外杂合,分别构建复合启动子PhCMVgB、P SVgB或PengB;将这些启动子与虫荧光素酶报告基因相连,构建表达载体。利用脂质体将以上质粒与内标质粒（pSVβLacZ）共转染鸡胚成纤维次代细胞,于转染后48h,将细胞刮下来,利用荧光素酶测定试剂盒和β半乳糖苷酶测定试剂盒分别测定转染细胞的荧光素酶和β半乳糖苷酶的活性,通过荧光素酶和β半乳糖苷酶活性的比值获得虫荧光素酶的相对活性,利用虫荧光素酶的相对活性进行启动子的活性比较。结果表明,复合启动子相对马立克氏病病毒自身的gB启动子,活性有不同程度的提高,其中复合启动子PhCMVgB的活性最高,而复合启动子PSVgB和PengB的活性相当;但与商业强启动子相比,复合启动子活性要弱一些或相当。因此,从某种意义上讲,这些复合启动子既具有gB启动子的一些特性,又有商业强启动子的一些特性,为以马立克氏病毒为载体的新兴疫苗的开发奠定了基础。     

马立克氏病病毒pp38基因上游的一个双向启动子研究

马立克氏病病毒（MDV）pp38基因上游是病毒基因组DNA复制原点。在其两侧均含有启动子TATAbox、CAATbox等特征性的保守基元,推测是一个天然的双向启动子。为了在体外验证其双向启动活性,本研究以MDVpp38为报告基因,并将其ORF插入到pUC18中,构建了pUCpp38质粒。将包含该启动子完整区域的789bp序列分别以正反两个方向克隆进pUCpp38质粒中pp38报告基因的上游,获得的重组质粒pProfpp38和pProrpp38。将所获得的重组质粒分别转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）,通过间接免疫荧光试验检测pp38基因的表达以验证该启动子的双向启动活性。结果表明,马立克氏病病毒复制原点区的启动子无论以何种方向插入pUCpp38质粒中,在转染细胞24h内能检测到pp38基因的表达,48h后能获得高效和持续的表达。逐渐缩小该启动子的范围,最终在320bp时,仍能检测到两个方向较强的启动活性。     

接种不同毒力的马立克氏病病毒后鸡病毒血症的动态比较

1日龄非免疫鸡分别接 马立克氏病病毒（MDV）Ⅰ强毒GA株、Ⅰ型MDV疫苗毒CVI988株和Ⅲ型火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）疫苗株后第4日起,定期采血并和抗MDV囊膜糖蛋白B(gB)单克隆抗体介导的间接免疫荧光试验检测MDV在外周因液单核细胞（PBMCs）中的感染状况。结果发现,自接种Ⅰ型强毒GA株后第4日至鸡发病死亡前,都能检出GA株引起的病毒血症,并于2周左右达到高峰;自接种CVI988株后第4日至第20日止,能检出病毒血症,并于第8天左右达到高峰;自接种HVT后第4日至第16日止,能检出病毒血症,并于第6天左右达到高峰。与此同时,将GA株病毒血症的IFA检测结果与细胞培养上病毒空班计数试验结果比较,发现IFA试验比空斑计数试验更为敏感。本试验既可用于判断对鸡作MDV疫苗免疫的接种效果,又可用于检测MDV野毒感染状态。     

马立克氏病病毒pp38基因和1.8kb转录子之间双向启动子的特性研究

从马立克氏病病毒(MDV)基因组DNA复制原点区某一点,将介于MDVpp38基因和1 8kb转录子之间的双向启动子分割成两个单方向的启动子。以pp38为报告基因,pUC18质粒为载体,构建了含不同方向完整启动子序列的pProfpp38和pProrpp38质粒,以及含分割后单方向启动子序列的pdProfpp38和pdProrpp38质粒。4种质粒分别转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chickenembryofibroblast,CEF)后,均能检测到pp38基因的表达。进一步以氯霉素乙酰转移酶(Chloramphenicolacetyltransferase,CAT)为报告基因,构建了含不同方向完整双向启动子的pProfCAT和pProrCAT质粒,以及含分割后单方向启动子序列的pdProfCAT和pdProrCAT质粒。通过转染试验,定量分析了完整启动子和分割后启动子在两个方向上的启动活性。实验结果表明,分割后的启动子在两个方向上的启动活性均比相应方向上完整启动子的活性低,其中1 8kb转录子方向上的活性下降了4 1倍     

马立克氏病病毒的分子生物学研究进展

马立克氏病病毒的分子生物学研究进展罗满林,蔡宝祥,陈溥言（南京农业大学动物医学系,南京２１００９５）ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＭａｒｅｋ＇ｓＤｉｓｅａｓｅＶｉｒｕｓ￥ＬｕｏＭａｎｌｉｎ;ＣａｉＢａｏｓｉａｎｇ;ＣｈｅｎＰ...     

马立克氏病病毒pp38／pp24聚合体结构及其对pp38基因上游双向启动子活性的影响

前期以氯霉素乙酰转移酶（CAT）活性为指标的研究证明了,马立克氏病病毒（Marek’s disease virus,MDV）的pp38和pp24的同时表达可显著增强基因组中pp38基因与1．8kb mRNA转录子之间双向启动子的转录活性．本研究又以增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）表达水平作为pp38基因上游双向启动转录活性的标志,更直观地证明了只有当同一细胞内同时表达pp38和pp24时,该启动子活性才有完整的启动活性．为了证明这两个蛋白能否相结合,分别以单独表达pp38或pp24的重组质粒pcDNA-pp38或pcDNA-pp24及能同时表达这两个基因的重组质粒pBud-pp38-pp24质粒转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）,用pp38特异的单克隆抗体H19对转染细胞的裂解标记物进行免疫沉淀实验．结果表明,H19可沉淀pp38,但pp24只是在pp38同时存在时才被H19沉淀,而在pcDNA-pp24单独转染的处理样品中不能显示pp24的条带．这证明了,pp24是通过与pp38的结合而被共沉淀下来的,显示pp24和pp38在天然状态下可以形成异二聚体或多聚体．上述两个独立的实验结果表明,pp38和pp24是以聚合体的形式结合于该双向启动子发挥作用的．     

表达LacZ基因的重组CVI988病毒的构建及特性研究

马立克氏病（MD）是一种鸡的淋巴增生性肿瘤疾病,是由马立克氏病病毒血清1型（Marek＇s disease virus serotype 1,MDV1）引起的,但是,可以由致弱的或天然不致病的疫苗株进行防制。疫苗株分为三种类型：致弱的血清1型,天然不致瘤的血清2型（MDV2）和天然不致病的火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）。     

表达LacZ基因的重组CVI988病毒的构建及特性研究

马立克氏病(MD)是一种鸡的淋巴增生性肿瘤疾病,是由马立克氏病病毒血清1型(Marek'sdisease virus serotype 1,MDV1)引起的,但是,可以由致弱的或天然不致病的疫苗株进行防制.疫苗株分为三种类型:致弱的血清1型,天然不致瘤的血清2型(MDV2)和天然不致病的火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT).     

马立克氏病病毒pp38基因和1.8kb转录子之间双向启动子的特性研究

从马立克氏病病毒(MDV)基因组DNA复制原点区某一点,将介于MDV pp38基因和18kb转录子之间的双向启动子分割成两个单方向的启动子。以pp38为报告基因,pUC18质粒为载体,构建了含不同方向完整启动子序列的pProfpp38和 pProrpp38质粒,以及含分割后单方向启动子序列的pdProfpp38和pdProrpp38质粒。4种质粒分别转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（Chicken embryo fibroblast, CEF）后,均能检测到pp38基因的表达。进一步以氯霉素乙酰转移酶（Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, CAT）为报告基因,构建了含不同方向完整双向启动子的pProfCAT和 pProrCAT质粒,以及含分割后单方向启动子序列的pdProfCAT和 pdProrCAT质粒。通过转染试验,定量分析了完整启动子和分割后启动子在两个方向上的启动活性。实验结果表明,分割后的启动子在两个方向上的启动活性均比相应方向上完整启动子的活性低,其中1.8kb转录子方向上的活性下降了41倍。     

CMV与T7启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组拯救效率的比较

构建一种以分泌型荧光素酶基因(Gluc)作为报告基因的仙台病毒BB1株微小基因组质粒,比较了CMV启动子与T7启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组的拯救效率。首先设计并合成锤头状核酶序列,仙台病毒trailer、L基因非编码区、N基因非编码区和leader序列以及丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列,插入含有CMV和T7双启动子的质粒pVAX1中,获得仙台微小基因组的通用型载体pVAX-miniSeV。将Gluc基因插入pVAX-miniSeV中,分别获得正向插入的仙台病毒微小基因组载体pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(+)和反向插入的pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(-)。用pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(+)转染BHK21细胞能在上清中检测到高水平的Gluc活性,表明其中的CMV启动子具有正常转录功能。将pVAX-miniSeVGluc(-)和仙台病毒N、P、L蛋白表达质粒共转染BSR T7/5细胞(稳定表达T7RNA聚合酶的BHK-21细胞)检测到Gluc的高效表达,表明pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(-)能够被有效拯救;但在BHK-21细胞中却未检测到Gluc的有效表达,提示该载体中的CMV启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组的拯救效率可能没有明显作用。为了进一步了解CMV与T7启动子各自对于仙台病毒微小基因组拯救的作用,本研究又构建了单独含有CMV或T7启动子的仙台病毒微小基因组载体pCMV-miniSeV-Gluc(-)和pT7-miniSeV-Gluc(-)。将这两种载体和仙台病毒N、P、L蛋白表达质粒分别共转染BSR T7/5细胞,结果pT7-miniSeV-Gluc(-)共转染组检测到了Gluc的高效表达,而pCMV-miniSeV-Gluc(-)共转染组未检测到,证实了通用型载体pVAX-miniSeV中仅T7启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组的拯救起了关键作用,而CMV启动子作用不明显。本研究成功构建了一种通用型双启动子仙台病毒微小基因组载体pVAX-miniSeV,并证明了T7启动子系统对仙台病毒微小基因组拯救的关键作用。本研究为下一步构建仙台病毒全基因感染性克隆打下了基础。     

The effect of altered codon usage on luciferase activity in tobacco, maize and wheat

A comparison of the wild-type firefly luciferase reporter gene to a codon-modified gene, available from Promega, demonstrates that in tobacco cell cultures, an increase in G+C content of 1.8%, as a consequence of 36 A/T→G/C synonymous codon alterations and removal of the lysosomal targeting sequence, has no significant effect on expression. In maize Black Mexican Sweet cells and wheat scutellum, increases in activity of 14- to 23-fold and 53- to 59-fold, respectively, are obtained using the codon-modified luciferase with the UBI1 promoter and its leader intron. The observed increase in luc+ expression is most likely a consequence of differences in codon usage reflecting tRNA abundance rather than an increase in the efficiency of intron splicing resulting from the small increase in the G+C content of the coding sequence. This difference in light emission between the wild-type and codon-modified luciferases can be clearly visualised in a low-light imaging camera, making the latter a much more sensitive and useful reporter gene for detecting luciferase activity in vivo. Received: 7 September 1996 / Revision received: 28 November 1996 / Accepted: 6 December 1996     

Potentiation of concurrent expression of lipogenic genes by novel strong promoters in the oleaginous microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum

There has been growing interest in using microalgae as production hosts for a wide range of value-added compounds. However, microalgal genetic improvement is impeded by lack of genetic tools to concurrently control multiple genes. Here, we identified two novel strong promoters, designated Pt202 and Pt667, and delineated their potential role on simultaneously driving the expression of key lipogenic genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In silico analyses of the identified promoter sequences predicted the presence of essential core cis elements such as TATA and CAAT boxes. Regulatory role of the promoters was preliminarily assessed by using GUS reporter which demonstrated strong GUS expression. Thereafter, two key lipogenic genes including malic enzyme (PtME) and 5-desaturase (PtD5b), were overexpressed by the two promoters Pt202 and Pt667, respectively, in P. tricornutum. Combinatorial gene overexpression did not impair general physiological performance, meanwhile neutral lipid content was remarkably increased by 2.4-fold. GC-MS analysis of fatty acid methyl esters revealed that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5) was increased significantly. The findings augment a crucial kit to microalgal genetic tools that could facilitate the multiple-gene expression driven by various promoters, and promote microalgae for industrial bioproduction.     

Comparison of different constitutive and inducible promoters for the overexpression of transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana

We compared the organ specificity and the strength of different constitutive (CaMV-35S, CaMV-35Somega, Arabidopsis ubiquitin UBQ1, and barley leaf thionin BTH6 promoter) and one inducible promoter (soybean heat-shock promoter Gmshp17.3) in stably transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants. For this purpose we constructed a set of plant expression vectors equipped with the different promoters. Using the uidA reporter gene we could show that the CaMV-35S promoter has the highest expression level which was enhanced two-to threefold by the addition of a translational enhancer (TMV omega element) without altering the organ specificity of the promoter. The barley leaf thionin promoter was almost inactive in the majority of lines whereas the ubiquitin promoter exhibited an intermediate strength. The heat-shock promoter was inducible up to 18-fold but absolute levels were lower than in the case of the ubiquitin promoter. Conclusive quantitative results for different organs and developmental stages were obtained by the analysis of 24 stably transformed lines per promoter construct.