河南东南部早石炭世植物群

研究了河南东南部商城和固始杨山组植物化石,共计１１ 属１８ 种。它们分属于石松纲、楔叶纲、真蕨纲、种子蕨纲、科达纲和裸子植物种子,其中以石松纲鳞木类植物占优势。杨山组植物群含有一些典型的早石炭世分子, 如 Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｃａｌａｍ ｉｔｅｓ ｓｃｒｏｂｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ、Ｃａｒｄｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ ｓｐｅｔｓｂｅｒｇｅｎｓｅ、Ｒｈｏｄｅｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍｈｓｉａｎｇｈｓｉａｎｇｅｎｓｅ,它们在维宪期至纳缪尔早期地层是颇为常见的;然而这一植物群也含有某些华夏型的鳞木类植物,即Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ ｃｆ．ａｏｌｕｎｇｐｙｌｕｋｅｎｓｅ、Ｌ．ｓｈａｎｙａｎｇｅｎｓｅ、Ｌ．ｃｆ．ｓｕｂｒｈｏｍ ｂｉｃｕｍ 等。根据植物群的总体组成,杨山组植物群的地质时代属于早石炭世晚期,大致相当于维宪晚期至纳缪尔Ａ期。当前植物群可以与甘肃东部、陕西山阳、华南和马来西亚西部等的一些同期植物群进行对比,对比结果表明与陕西山阳植物群最接近。此外,笔者还讨论了全球早石炭世晚期植物群的分布     

空气污染对植物病虫害的影响

空气污染对植物病虫害的影响吴亚,金翠霞（江苏省农科院植物保护研究所,南京２１００１４）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｂｅｒｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎＰｌａｎｔＤｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄＰｅｓｔｓ￥ＷｕＹａ;ＪｉｎＣｕｉｘｉａ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏ－ｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ＪｉａｎｇｓｕＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１００１４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：４９－５３．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｓｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｍａｉｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＯ＿３,ＳＯ＿２,ｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅｓ,ａｃｉｄｒａｉｎｅｔｃ．ｏｎｐｌａｎｔｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ;ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒａｎｃｅａｎｄｉｎｆｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｙｔｏｐｈａｇｕｓｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｓｏｆｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＣＯ＿２ｏｎｔｈｅｏｕｔｂｒｅａｋｏｆｐｅｓｔｓ。Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉ     

非致病微生物在植物—病原菌协同进化中的作用

非致病微生物在植物－病原菌协同进化中的作用单卫星（西北农业大学植保系,陕西杨陵７１２１００）ＴｈｅＲｏｌｅｏｆＮｏｎ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃＭｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｉｎＰｌａｎｔ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎＣｏｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ￥ＳｈａｎＷｅｉｘｉｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ－ｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｙａｎｇｌｉｎｇ,Ｓｈａａｎｘｉ７１２１００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）,５４－５９．Ｉｎｖｉｅｗｏｆｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｌａｎｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ,ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｒｅｃｅｎｔａｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎｂｉｏｌｏｇ－ｉｃａｌｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｐｌａｎｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄｐｌａｎｔ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓ,ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｐｏｉｎｔｅｄｏｕｔｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆｎｏｎ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｉｎｈａｂｉｔｉｎｇｐｌａｎｔｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｉｎｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｌａｎｔ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅ     

昆虫胁迫下的植物应激反应模式

昆虫胁迫下的植物应激反应模式王海波（复旦大学生命科学学院,上海２００４３３）ＴｈｅＳｔｒｅｓｓＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＰｌａｕｔｔｏＩｎｓｅｃｔ’ｓＰｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ￥ＷａｎｇＨａｉｂｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＦｕｄａｎＵ－ｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２００４３３）;ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：４６－４８．Ｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ,ａｎｅｗｓｅｔｏｆｍｏｄｅｌｓａｂｏｕｔｐｌａｎｔ’ｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｖｅｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｕｎｄｅｒｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ’ｐｒｅｓ－ｓｕｒｅｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄＴｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｓｃａｎｂｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｐａｒｔｓ：ｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｉｎｇｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅａｃ－ｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌ．ＴｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｐａｒｔｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｐｌａｎｔｈａｓｏｎｅｋｉｎｄｏｆｃｏｎｖｅｒｇｅｎｔｐｈｙｓｉｏＩｏｇｉｃａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎａｄｖｅｒｓｅｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｎｏｓｐｅｃｉａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｉｎｇａ     

液泡膜转运蛋白与植物耐盐性研究进展

液泡膜转运蛋白与植物耐盐性研究进展王宝山１邹琦２赵可夫１１（山东师范大学逆境植物研究所,济南２５００１４）２（山东农业大学基础部植物生理教研室,泰安２７００１８）ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＶａｃｕｏｌａｒＴｒａｎｓｌｏｃａｔｉｎｇＰｒｏｔｅｉｎｓａ...     

中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群

本文总结了和讨论了中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群分布特征,在对植物群成分分析的基础上,认为中国早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔A期）分布一个全球一致性的植物群,即拟鳞木植物群Lepidodendropsis flora。中国的晚石炭世（纳缪尔B-C期、维期发期和斯蒂分期）和二叠纪植物群为华夏植物群。本文还对北方华夏植物群亚区和南方华夏植物群亚区植物群进行了对比,并论述了这两个植物群在组成成分上的差异。     

无性系植物种群生态学研究进展及有关概念

无性系植物种群生态学研究进展及有关概念刘庆钟章成（中国科学院成都生物研究所,６１００４１）（西南师范大学生物系,重庆６３０７１５）ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＣｌｏｎａｌＰｌａｎｔＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＳｏｍｅＲｅ...     

中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群

本文总结和讨论了中国石炭纪和二叠纪植物群分布特征,在对植物群成分分析的基础上,认为中国早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔A期）分布一个全球一致性的植物群,即拟鳞木植物群Lepidodendropsis flora。中国的晚石炭世（纳缪尔B_C期、维斯发期和斯蒂芬期）和二叠纪植物群为华夏植物群。本文还对北方华夏植物群亚区和南方华夏植物群亚区植物群进行了对比,并论述了这两个植物群在组成成分上的差异。     

污染土壤的植物修复

污染土壤的植物修复沈德中（中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京１０００９４）ＰｈｙｔｏｒｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｅｄＳｏｉｌ．ＳｈｅｎＤｅｚｈｏｎｇ（ＣｏｌｅｇｅｏｆＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ,ＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃ...     

植物系统获得性抗生的信号转导

坏死病原菌（ｎｅｃｒｏｔｉｚｉｎｇ ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎ）的侵染或者一些化学因子的处理能诱导植物的非侵染或非处理部位产生对多种病原再侵染产生抗性,即系统获得性抗性（ｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｃ ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ＳＡＲ）。获得系统抗生的组织中ＳＡＲ基因产物的累积和防卫反应的潜在诱导增加（ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｔｉｉｏｎ）是其两类抗病机制。ＳＡＲ至少有通过水杨酸（ｓａｌｉｃｙｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,ＳＡ）     

全球石炭纪和二叠纪植物地理分区

早石炭世由于全球气候分带不明显,无显著植物分区现象,全球为一个一致性的植物区,即拟鳞木植物区[WT5”BX](Lepidodendropsis [WT5”BZ]floral province)。晚石炭世和二叠纪,全球存在4个植物区,即华夏植物区(Cathaysian floral province)、欧美植物区(Euramerican floral province)、安加拉植物区(Angaran floral province)和冈瓦纳植物区(Gondwanan floral province)。华夏、欧美和安加拉植物区皆位于北半球的劳亚古陆(Laurasia), 冈瓦纳植物区位于南半球的冈瓦纳古陆(Gondwana)。本文通过对全球石炭纪二叠纪植物地理分区的一些焦点问题的综合评述和分析,试图为古大陆再造研究提供古植物学方面的证据。     

Post-Variscan late Palaeozoic Northern Hemisphere gymnosperms: the onset to the Mesozoic

During the Carboniferous gymnosperms became highly diverse. However, several groups became diminished toward the end of the Carboniferous and Permian, and were extinct by the end of the Permian. Relatively few groups managed to survive the Permian—Triassic transition. These remaining forms represent the gymnosperms that developed during the Mesozoic. This paper, that focuses on Euramerican floras, addresses specific problems related to the study of the gymnosperms of the uppermost Carboniferous and Permian and deals with the major floral changes in the latest Carboniferous and Permian. The major late Palaeozoic Northern Hemisphere gymnosperms are briefly discussed and special attention is given to the peltasperms and conifers, two groups that extended from the late Palaeozoic into the Mesozoic.     

Anatomically preserved cardiocarpalean ovules in the late Palaeozoic Angara floral province of Russia

A new species of Cardiocarpus from the Sim River Basin in the southern Urals of Russia is the first anatomically preserved cardiocarpalean ovule from the Permian of the Angara floral province. Specimens are preserved in a soft organic limestone with large numbers of juvenile bactritoid protoconchs. Ovules are roughly ellipsoidal in the major plane, up to 6.0–7.5 mm in length and 5.3 mm in width, with a diminutive wing and a rounded chalaza. The outer surface of the ovules is smooth. In longitudinal sections, two vascular tissue channels traverse the sclerotesta at the chalaza, and appear to extend to near the apex within each wing. There is a simple, dome-shaped pollen chamber at the apex, which lies below a narrow micropyle. The sclerotesta consists of one or two layers of longitudinally orientated cells at the interior, and sclereids that are radially elongated towards the periphery. The sarcotesta is incompletely preserved, but displays an outer layer of cells that are somewhat elongated towards the long axis of the ovule. Numerical cladistic analysis reveals little correlation between the structure of cardiocarpalean morphotaxa and the phylogenetic relationships of the plants that produced them, where affinities are known. Cardiocarpus angarensis sp. nov. enriches our understanding of Permian spermatophytes in temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere, and reveals that ovules similar to those of Euramerican and Cathaysian provinces characterized an Angaran spermatophyte.  Journal compilation © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 155 , 297–305. No claim to original US government works.     

Callospermarion ovules from the Early Permian of northern China: palaeofloristic and palaeogeographic significance of callistophytalean seed-ferns in the Cathaysian flora

A distinctive kind of anatomically preserved cardiocarpalean ovule is described from the Early Permian Taiyuan Formation of northern China. Ovules are small, have 180° rotational symmetry, and possess variably thick integuments with prominent secretory cavities that may be empty, filled with resinous materials and in several instances appear to contain animal coprolites. Comparisons show that (where known) these features conform to those of Callospermarion undulatum (Neely) Rothwell, to which they are assigned, previously only known from the Pennsylvanian of Euramerica. These fossils represent the first indisputable occurrence of the genus Callospermarion in the Early Permian Cathaysian floras, and show the presence of callistophytalean seed-ferns in this palaeofloristic realm for the first time. These data combined with results from previous investigations now support the Early Permian northern Cathaysian flora including the Taiyuan Formation having evolved from the Late Carboniferous and earliest Permian Euramerican flora, with which it shares far too many generic level similarities for these co-occurrences to be coincidental. Our hypothesis is therefore that the Early Permian flora of the northern Cathaysian realm represents the continued evolution of wetland Euramerican-type coal-swamp floras, and as such is likely to present a model for evolutionarily driven floral change as opposed to the climatically driven floral changes observed in the Euramerican flora after the demise of coal-swamp environments. The distribution of coprolites in and immediately around glandular cavities in this species suggests specialised syndromes of herbivory existed in Early Permian Cathaysian ecosystems, with herbivores preferentially selecting these areas of the ovule integument.     

石松类卷柏科地史时期和现代地理分布格局的形成

卷柏科仅含一属,全球分布,具有宽幅生态适应性,属于维管植物基部类群石松类植物,现生约700种。卷柏科起源于泥盆纪,化石记录遍布自石炭纪至今的各地质时期。目前,现代卷柏属亚属的分类方案基本稳定,但对于化石卷柏的亚属分类、以及地质历史时期的时空分布问题还缺乏相关研究。本文全面总结了卷柏科化石记录的时代和地理分布,并结合分子系统学探讨其地理分布格局的演化,为该科植物的分类与进化研究提供参考。根据现有研究基础,结合最新的卷柏科系统分类研究成果和化石记录,本文对该类群化石的系统分类进行归纳和厘定,并对化石类群的卷柏亚属Selaginella、Hexaphyllum亚属及rhizophoric clade物种的分化和地理分布格局的形成进行了讨论。本文认为,卷柏科起源于古生代的欧美植物区,不晚于二叠纪,其后伴随着泛大陆解体扩散至华夏植物区及冈瓦纳植物区。化石亚属Hexaphyllum是rhizophoric clade的基部类群,在石炭纪末灭绝。化石证据表明,从古生代末期起,rhizophoric clade已成为卷柏科的优势类群,并在中生代形成了全球分布的格局。     

中国二叠纪煤核中具解剖构造的鳞木类植物:似封印叶属(英文)

报道了产于中国二叠纪煤核中的 3种具解剖构造的鳞木类叶 ,它们都具双木质部束 ,与似封印叶属 (Sigil lariopsisScott)特征一致。与该属已有种进行了对比 ,确认它们为 3个新种 :产于山西太原西山煤田太原组上部 7号煤层 (早二叠世早期 )煤核中的山西似封印叶 (Sigillariopsisshanxiensissp .nov .)和太原似封印叶 (S .taiyuanensissp .nov .)以及产于贵州水城矿区汪家寨组 1号煤层 (晚二叠世晚期 )煤核中的贵州似封印叶 (Sigillariopsisguizhouensissp .nov .)。根据煤核中共生的鳞木类植物其他器官以及欧美植物区鳞木类植物的研究资料推断 ,它们可能属于封印木属 (SigillariaBrongniart)的叶。在国外 (主要是欧美植物区 ) ,封印木属植物主要分布于石炭纪 ,见于二叠纪的封印木很少。华夏植物区的封印木属过去很少发现 ,其叶和生殖器官均未报道过。本文是首次报道华夏植物区具解剖构造的封印木属的叶 ,它们的发现不仅丰富了华夏植物区封印木属植物的内容 ,而且对于研究封印木属的演化以及华夏植物区与欧美植物区鳞木类植物之间的关系也具有重要的意义。     

中国二叠纪煤核中具解剖构造的鳞木类植物:似封印叶属

报道了产于中国二叠纪煤核中的3种具解剖构造的鳞木类叶,它们都具双木质部束,与似封印叶属(Sigillariopsis Scott)特征一致.与该属已有种进行了对比,确认它们为3个新种:产于山西太原西山煤田太原组上部7号煤层(早二叠世早期)煤核中的山西似封印叶(Sigillariopsis shanxiensis sp. nov.)和太原似封印叶(S. taiyuanensis sp.nov.)以及产于贵州水城矿区汪家寨组1号煤层(晚二叠世晚期)煤核中的贵州似封印叶(Sigillariopsis guizhouensis sp.nov.).根据煤核中共生的鳞木类植物其他器官以及欧美植物区鳞木类植物的研究资料推断,它们可能属于封印木属(Sigillaria Brongniart)的叶.在国外(主要是欧美植物区),封印木属植物主要分布于石炭纪,见于二叠纪的封印木很少.华夏植物区的封印木属过去很少发现,其叶和生殖器官均未报道过.本文是首次报道华夏植物区具解剖构造的封印木属的叶,它们的发现不仅丰富了华夏植物区封印木属植物的内容,而且对于研究封印木属的演化以及华夏植物区与欧美植物区鳞木类植物之间的关系也具有重要的意义.     

山东太原组煤核中鳞木类茎——三点“鳞木”的解剖构造

描述了一种产自山东省南部的陶枣煤田和兖州煤田太原组煤核中的鳞木类茎的解剖构造特征。根据叶座的形态,该种茎曾被归入大青山“鳞木”(“Lepidodendron”tachingshanense Lee)种,但此次重新仔细研究后转归三点“鳞木”(“Lepidodendron”tripunctatum Stock.et Math.)种内。与欧美植物区和华夏植物区已有的具解剖构造的鳞木类茎进行了详细对比,认为与奇木属Diaphorodendron很接近,但叶座的形态和解剖差别较大。此外,当前标本的分枝方式还不清楚,因此,还不能将当前标本归入奇木属内。当前标本与奇木属的关系及其分类位置有待于今后对更多更好的标本进行深入研究。     

Fossil flora from the Aleksandrovskoe locality (Lower Permian,Kungurian; Krasnoufimsk district of the Sverdlovsk Region): Taxonomical composition,taphonomy, and a new lycopsid representative

The Aleksandrovskoe locality (Krasnoufimsk district of the Sverdlovsk Region, Fore-Urals; Lower Permian, Kungurian Stage, Koshelevsk Formation), its taphonomy and taxonomic composition of the fossil flora are discussed. A new lycopsid, Ufadendron ufaensis gen. et sp. nov., with well-developed infrafoliar aerenchyma is described. The new plant is morphologically similar to the group of Early Carboniferous Central Angaran lycopsids (Tomiodendron Radczenko emend. S. Meyen, Lophiodendron Zalessky emend. S. Meyen, Angarophloios S. Meyen). Survival of a relic lycopsid of Central Angaran type with infrafoliar aerenchyma at the periphery of Angaraland up to the mid-Permian is discussed in terms of the “Lazarus taxa” phenomenon.