Hematological and plasma biochemical values for captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Hematological and blood biochemical parameters are of great importance in medical and veterinary practice. Unfortunately, normal reference range intervals for hematological and serum biochemical values in the tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) have seldom been reported. The study reported here is based on data from blood samples collected from 44 monkeys over an 8-year period. Male and female data are displayed separately within two age categories: juveniles and adults, and effects for sex and age are examined. Significant differences between males and females are found for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and α(1) globulin. Significant differences between juveniles and adults are found for neutrophils, calcium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, total protein, serum iron, and some serum protein parameters and albumin/globulin ratio. These values are compared with values we previously reported, and their importance in care and well-being of captive tufted capuchin monkeys is discussed.     

Age-related plasma chemistry changes in houbara and kori bustards in the United Arab Emirates

Plasma chemistry parameters were measured in adult (> 1.5 yr) and juvenile (4-8 and 9-16 wk) captive houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) and from adult (> 1.5 yr) and juvenile (4-8, 9-16, 17-24, 25-32, 33-40 and 41-52 wk) captive kori bustards (Ardeotis kori) to study age-related changes. A comparison of the values obtained was made between adult and juvenile bustards of both species and from the literature with other bustard species. Significant differences between adult and juvenile bustards of both species were found for glucose, total protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase, and calcium. Some parameters, such as calcium, showed comparable age-related changes in both species. In contrast, other parameters showed clear differences in the type (ALT, AST) or magnitude (ALKP) of age-related change between the species, demonstrating the importance of determining normal values for individual species. The results obtained from this study provide blood chemistry values for these species and demonstrate age-related differences between adult and juvenile birds.     

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for Spanish ibex

We studied blood samples from 529 Spanish ibexes (Capra pyrenaica) from different Andalusian mountain ranges in southern Spain, primarily from Sierra Nevada. For each sample, 13 hematologic and 32 biochemical parameters were analyzed. Within this database, we selected values obtained from live, free-ranging, physically restrained, clinically normal animals to determine reference intervals for these parameters. Distribution of values within each parameter was determined and differences in values between sex and age classes also were determined. We found significant differences in eight biochemical parameters among male and female ibexes. Significant differences in values for 20 hematologic and biochemical parameters between age classes also were found.     

Body measurements, hematology, and serum chemistry values of the adult Cebus apella monkey

Body measurements, hematology, and serum chemistry values were studied in 40 captured male and female Cebus apella monkeys. Some significant dimorphism with male predominance was found. Significant differences were also found for hemoglobin and red cell volume between males and females. Differential white blood cell counts indicated a marked predominance of lymphocytes and high values of gamma globulin in both sexes.     

清洁级SD大鼠血液生理生化指标的测定

目的建立清洁级SD大鼠血液生理生化正常值。方法应用动物芯片血球计数仪测试常规血细胞计数;采用全自动生化测定仪对清洁级SD大鼠的血液28项生化指标进行测定,并进行统计分析雌雄差异显著性检验。结果建立了清洁级SD大鼠血液生理和28项血液生化参考值,ALB、AST/ALT、AG雌雄之间差异显著;血液血球计数雌雄差异不显著。结论比较详细的建立了清洁级SD大鼠的血液生理生化指标参考值,为其应用提供基础数据。     

Comparative normal levels of serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine in nonhuman primates.

Normative values were obtained for triiodothyronine and thyroxine from four species of Old World primate (chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, African green monkeys and talopoin monkeys) and a single species of New World primate (squirrel monkeys) represented by two subspecies, Colombian and Bolivian. The Bolivian squirrel monkeys exhibited the lowest values for both triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Male talapoins had the highest levels of thyroxine. Significant differences were found in levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine between males and females of the same species and between the two subspecies of squirrel monkeys. Triiodothyronine:thryroxine ratios were consistently lower in the males of all species examined.     

Clinical chemistry and hematology values in a Caribbean population of African green monkeys

Background Hematology and clinical chemistry (HCC) reference values are critical in veterinary practice and in vivo pre‐clinical research, enabling detection of health abnormalities, response to therapeutic intervention or adverse toxicological effects, as well as monitoring of clinical management. Methods In this report, reference ranges for 46 HCC parameters were characterized in 331 wild‐caught and colony‐bred African green monkeys. Effects of sex, weight and duration of captivity were determined by one‐way analysis of variance. Results Significant sex differences were observed for several HCC parameters. Significant differences were also observed for select HCC variables between newly caught animals and those held in captivity for 1–12 months or longer. Conclusions Comparison of this data with other non‐human primate species and humans highlights similarities and disparities between species. Potential causes of interpopulation variability and relevance to the use of the African green monkey as a non‐human primate model are discussed.     

Population distribution profiles of the activities of blood alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in the normal F344 inbred rat by age and sex

Data on the blood enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were collected from control male and female F344 rats participating in toxicity studies at 17, 30, 56, 80 and 106 weeks of age. The data were skewed to the right with significant deviation from normality. Applying the Box-Cox transformation, it was concluded that approximately normal distributions could be obtained by using the reciprocal transformation. In general, the males showed a greater degree of heterogeneity for both enzymes. Enzyme activities at 17 weeks were lowest for both ALT and AST. There was a high correlation between the activities of blood ALT and AST, with some animals showing dramatic transient increases. Significant differences among studies with respect to the enzyme activities in rats of the same age were demonstrated.     

亚热带气候环境下西藏小型猪部分血液生理生化指标的比较

目的比较研究西藏小型猪在亚热带气候环境下的部分血液生理生化指标。方法常规方法测定原代和F1代西藏小型猪血液的9项生理和9项生化指标,比较两代之间以及雌、雄之间的不同,并与其他实验动物及人类的同类指标进行对比分析。结果在生化指标中,原代雌雄之间AST差异显著;F1代雌雄之间TG、ALB有差异,BUN、CHOL有显著性差异。在生理指标中,原代雌、雄间无差异,F1代雌雄间MONO有显著性差异。结论西藏小型猪已经基本适应亚热带地区的环境。与其他实验动物相比西藏小型猪许多生理生化指标更接近人类,非常适合替代犬、猴用于生物医学研究。     

Hematology and serum chemistry of harp (Phoca groenlandica) and hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) during the breeding season, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Standard hematologic and serum chemistry parameters were determined from 28 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) and 20 hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) sampled from 6 March 2001 to 13 March 2001 during the breeding season. Whole blood was collected immediately postmortem from harp seal mother-pup pairs and from six hooded seal pups, and from live-captured adult hooded seals and three hooded seal pups; blood was analyzed within 24 hr at a local human hospital. A certified veterinary laboratory validated subsamples of whole blood and analyzed all serum chemistry parameters. Significant interlaboratory differences in mean values of packed cell volume (PCV) and mean cell volume (MCV) were found. Significant differences were found between samples from the five seal groups (adult male hooded seals, lactating female hooded seals, unweaned hooded seal pups; lactating female harp seals, and unweaned harp seal pups) for hematology and most serum chemistry parameters. In general, age-class influenced mean values of PCV, hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC) counts, MCV, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) counts per 100 leucocytes, but most age-related variations were species specific. Harp seal pups had significantly lower mean values of HB, PCV, MCH, and MCHC than did other seal groups, and significantly lower mean RBC counts than did hooded seal pups. Mean NRBC counts per 100 leukocytes were more than three times higher in harp seal pups than in hooded seal pups, but this difference was not statistically significant. Mean MCV were significantly lower in harp and hooded seal pups compared to those of adult harp and hooded seals. Differences in hemograms between pup species were likely because of the precocious development of hooded seal pups, which are weaned within 4 days, compared to 12 days for harp seal pups. Among adult seal groups, male hooded seals had significantly higher mean values of PCV and HB than did female harp and hooded seals, and significantly higher mean RBC counts than did adult female hooded seals. Among adult females, mean values of MCH and MCHC were statistically higher in hooded seals than in harp seals. Adult female harp and hooded seals did not differ significantly in other RBC parameters and mean leukocyte counts. Mean values of glucose, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and albumin showed species-specific variations between adults and pups. Except for ALP, few significant differences in mean enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were found between seal groups. Mean concentrations of electrolytes (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and total carbon dioxide) varied with age class, but variations in potassium and magnesium were species specific. Harp seal pups had significantly higher mean phosphorus and potassium levels compared to other seal groups.     

Hematologic values of normal Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus): a comparison between wild-caught and laboratory-bred male animals

Complete and differential blood counts were conducted on 23 male squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) of Bolivian origin. The sample included 9 laboratory-bred and 14 wild-caught adult monkeys weighing between 600 and 1,500 g. The means of total white blood cell (WBC) counts, total hemoglobin and hematocrits of laboratory-bred animals were found to be significantly different from those of wild-caught monkeys (p less than 0.01). Other hematologic parameters showed no significant differences between the two experimental groups. 3 of 14 (21.0%) wild-caught animals each had 1 reactive lymphocyte and 7% of the same group had 10 nucleated erythrocytes per 100 WBC. No reactive lymphocytes or nucleated erythrocytes were observed in laboratory-bred animals. The importance of these baseline data and the basis for the differences observed between laboratory and wild-caught monkeys are discussed within the context of experimental studies involving primates in which hematologic parameters are valuable.     

Age and gender related changes in hematological parameters of thoroughbred foals

Abstract

Hematological and biochemical profiles commonly are required in equine medicine. We studied hematological parameters including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PCV), differential leukocyte counts, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in thoroughbred foals at different ages and for both sexes. Sixty healthy thoroughbred foals, 1 day, 3 days and 1 year old were used. Each age group consisted of 10 male and 10 female animals. We found significant differences related to age in RBC values of females, PCV, MCV values of males, WBC, neutrophil percentages, lymphocyte percentages, monocyte percentages of females, and eosinophil percentages and basophil percentages. Significant differences related to gender were found only with regard to PCV at 1 year and WBC at 1 day. The hematological parameters of thoroughbred foals up to one year old may be useful for evaluating and monitoring the health of these animals.     

Correlative clinical biochemistry and hematological profiles of laboratory-bred Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Twenty-five clinical and biochemical parameters were determined on 17 normal, male, laboratory-bred Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Parallel hematologic parameters were conducted. The correlation of biochemical and hematological observations and the distribution characteristics, range, and standard error of the mean were determined. The purpose of the present communication is to establish baseline biochemical values for laboratory-bred squirrel monkeys and to present a correlative comparison between selected cellular elements and major blood electrolytes.     

C57BL／6J-HBV转基因小鼠血清生化指标与性别年龄的关系

目的观察C57BL/6J-HBV乙型肝炎病毒转基因小鼠血清总胆红素（T-BIL）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）与性别和年龄的关系,以及与遗传背景相同的C57BL／6J小鼠的差异。方法选取8周龄和24周龄的C57BL／6J-HBV转基因小鼠及C57BL／6J小鼠的血清测定T-BIL、ALT、AST、TP和ALB值。结果C57BL／6J-HBV转基因小鼠与同周龄同性别的C57BL／6J小鼠相比,T-BIL、ALT、AST、TP和ALB均存在显著差异（P〈0．05）;24周龄的C57BL／6J-HBV转基因小鼠ALT和AST与其8周龄鼠相比均存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论C57BL／6J-HBV转基因小鼠T-BIL、ALT、AST、TP和ALB值显著高于C57BL／6J小鼠;且C57BL／6J-HBV转基因小鼠ALT和AST值与年龄有关,与性别无关。     

Clinical pathology data from cynomolgus monkeys from China in which diarrhea was observed during quarantine.

Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. (SNBL) imported and quarantined 3,148 cynomolgus monkeys (aged 2.5 to 6.5 years) from China in 2002. The hematology and blood biochemistry data obtained from these monkeys on Day 32 of quarantine were analyzed separately by sex [2,890 animals in which no abnormalities were observed during the 35-day quarantine period (normal group), and 258 animals which exhibited diarrhea 1 to 12 times (diarrhea group)]. The values obtained for all parameters were within the normal range (mean +/- SD), and no significant abnormalities were noted in either sex. The clinical pathology data from 11 animals (6 males and 5 females) exhibiting diarrhea repeatedly (10 to 12 times) were statistically analyzed, and significant differences were noted in PLT and ALP in both sexes. The PLT values of these animals were within the normal group mean +/- 2 SD, and were considered within the normal range. A significant difference was noted in some individual ALP values (males: Nos. 2 and 3, females: Nos. 1, 3, and 4). The clinical pathology data obtained from the normal group in this study basically correspond to the widely reported results already obtained from healthy cynomolgus monkeys, from which it can be concluded that the cynomolgus monkeys from China were generally healthy and presenting no particular abnormality. The clinical pathology data from the normal group will serve as valuable baseline data for experimenters using cynomolgus monkeys.     

人工饲养恒河猴麻醉与非麻醉状态下血液学、血液生化、血流变指标的测定与比较

目的测定人工饲养条件下48只健康恒河猴在非麻醉状态下及30只健康恒河猴在麻醉状态下的血液生化、血液常规、血液流变学指标,并分析两种状态下恒河猴血液生化、血液常规、血液流变值的差异及相互关系.方法应用全自动血液细胞分析仪和全自动血液生化分析仪,自动清洗旋转型粘度计测定及分析麻醉和非麻醉状态下健康恒河猴血液生化、血液常规、血液流变值.结果血液生化值麻醉组比非麻醉组明显低(P<0.01)的项目有GGT、AST、CREAT、TBIL、DBIL、P3+、TF;较明显低(P<0.05)的项目有ALT、ALP、LDH、HBDH;明显高(P<0.01)的项目有UA、Ca2+、CK-MB、ALB,较明显高(P<0.05)的项目有TPROT.血常规值麻醉组比非麻醉组明显低(P<0.01)的项目有RBC、Hct、MCV、MPV、RDW、NEUTRO,明显高(P<0.01)的项目有MCH、MCHC、PLT、LYM、MEDIAN.血液流变值麻醉组比非麻醉组明显低(P<0.01)的项目有全血低切粘度,全血中切粘度,全血高切粘度,血浆粘度,红细胞压积,还原低切,血沉K值,聚集指数;明显高(P<0.01)的项目有变形指数,电泳指数.结论本文测定并比较了人工饲养条件下健康恒河猴在麻醉和非麻醉状态下血液生化、血液常规、血液流变值,讨论分析了两组数值之间的差异和原因,了解应激反应和麻醉剂对动物生理方面的影响.     

SPF级封闭群SD大鼠血清生化值及凝血酶原时间值的测定

目的建立SPF级（屏障系统）封闭群SD大鼠血液生化及凝血酶原时间正常参考值,为药物长期毒性试验研究者提供参考。方法采用全自动血液生化分析仪检测19周和31周大鼠血液生化值,采用紫外可见分光光度计检测K＋、Na＋、Cl-值和凝血酶原时间值。结果取得19周和31周龄SD大鼠血清生化值和凝血酶原平均值。CR、TG、TC生化指标受年龄及性别因素影响,CR、TG、TC随年龄增长而逐步升高。TBIL、CR、TG、TC、CK、TP、BUN、ALB、AST、K＋、ALP指标雌雄间差异显著（P＆lt;0.05）。结论在药物长期毒性试验中,同一周龄雌、雄SD大鼠K＋、Cl-、Na＋、凝血酶原时间值可合并统计;雌、雄SD大鼠血液生化指标不宜合并统计。在比对正常参考值时应考虑到性别与年龄的因素。     

Serum and urine biochemical diversity among adult wild-caught Aotus nancymae and Saimiri peruviensis

Serum and urine analytes were compared between adult wild-caught owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae) and adult wild-caught squirrel monkeys (Saimiri peruviensis) to determine if normative clinical pathology data were similar. An objective of the study was to confirm that species of neotropical primates are distinct with regard to physiologic parameters, and should not be considered interchangeable in biomedical research. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted in many serum and urine analytes between the two groups. The results suggest that reference data for wild-caught owl monkeys are not applicable to squirrel monkeys, and the differences are sufficiently large to be of clinical significance. These findings illuminate the diversity among species of neotropical primates.     

Effects of Parenteral Supply of Iron on RBC Parameters,Performance, and Health in Neonatal Dairy Calves

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of parenteral iron on red blood cell parameters, performance, and health in dairy Holstein calves. Twenty neonatal calves were equally divided at random into two groups, one of which served as controls. Care was taken to ensure homogeneity of sex, age, and general health status of the animals. The controls received a normal diet and water ad libitum, while the study animals were injected with 1 g iron as Fe-dextran 2 days after birth. A daily record was kept of the calves’ weight and growth parameters. At periods of 24–48 h after birth and at 14, 28, and 42 days of age, jugular blood was drawn from all the experimental and control animals to measure the packed cell volume, red blood count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and iron levels. At the start of the experiments, there were no significant differences between these parameters between the two study groups (p > 0.05). With time, significant differences were seen between most of the values measured (p < 0.05) except for the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and iron level. Significant differences were seen for total weight gain and mean daily weight gain, which were higher in the iron-supplemented group (p < 0.05).     

猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）感染恒河猴血液学和血液生化的动态变化

目的探讨SIVmac239感染中国恒河猴的血液学和血清生物化学的变化,研究艾滋病的发生机制。方法 20只恒河猴感染SIVmac239后分别在感染前和感染后2、6、9、12、15和18个月在猴空腹状态用盐酸氯胺酮麻醉下静脉釆血。抗凝血用全自动血液细胞分析仪检测血液常规,血清用全自动生化分析仪检测生化指标。结果SIV感染猴红白细胞计数呈逐渐的减少。淋巴细胞计数有较明显减/增的波动。血清酶类ALT和AST没有明显的上升,但在15月时均有所下降P〈0.05～P〈0.01。LDH持续降低,原因未明。CK则逐月上升,至12月时达高峰,后又有所下降。血尿素氮逐月上升,并在6～18个月时P〈0.01。总蛋白量上升,白蛋白逐月降低,球蛋白升高,白蛋白/球蛋白比率倒置。SIV感染猴2个月后总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白均呈上升,至12月时略有下降,但到18月又上升。血糖（GLU）在SIV感染后逐月上升,后期上升更为明显,这可能与胰岛的损害有关。结论 SIVmac239感染猴后,通过SIV侵入相关的器官病变和体液调节失衡导致血液学和血液生物化学产生异常,从而提供有关猴艾滋病的一些基础资料,这将对研究人的艾滋病也许有所帮助。