生活垃圾生产地毯式草皮环境生态工程基质选配研究

以生活垃圾为基质,选用几种可行性强的材料为配材,进行了生活垃圾生产地毯式草皮基质的选配,通过几种草坪草在各选配基质上的生长效应,及对选配基质的ｐＨ值及水分胁迫性能进行了研究。结果表明,不同选配基质对草坪草的生长效应差异较大,锯木屑可通过增强基质的保水性能而提高草坪草的抗干旱胁迫能力,并能促进草坪草的生长,草木灰显较强的碱性,当其占基质２５％时,则ｐＨ值可达９以上,细河沙可改善基质的通透性,但配施量     

中国的草坪草资源及其开发利用

中国的草坪草资源相当丰富。文章初步分析了草坪草的一般特性、我国草坪草的分类以及主要的草坪草种类,并简要介绍了我国草坪草资源的现状。最后,就如何开发利用我国的草坪草资源并走草坪国产化道路提出建议。     

草坪的冬季管理

冬季来临,草坪草进入休眠期。草坪草的冬季管理好坏,直接影响来年草坪的生长和提高草坪的观赏性。多年来,根据我们绿化养护的经验,并根据草坪草的类型,分别介绍其冬季养护管理的具体措施。 一、暖季型草坪的管理 暖季型草坪草一般有马尼拉草、台湾青和天鹅绒草等。进入冬季,此类草坪草处于休眠状态,地上部分已枯萎,它们除了自身微     

西安城市绿地生态功能研究

通过调查,将西安市片状绿地按种植结构分为乔灌草、乔草、灌草、乔木、灌木和草坪6种类型,并定点定时测定绿地中心和对照点的光强、湿度、温度、噪音、空气中细菌数.结果表明,在片状绿地中,除草坪外,其他绿地均具有一定的遮荫效应,不同结构绿地遮荫效应依次为灌木＞乔灌草＞乔草＞灌草＞乔木＞草坪;各绿地也有明显的降温效应,降温效应依次为乔灌草＞乔木＞灌木＞乔草＞灌草＞草坪;各绿地还有一定的增湿效应,增湿效应依次为乔草＞乔灌草＞乔木＞灌木＞灌草＞草坪;各绿地也具有降噪效应,降噪效应依次为乔灌草＞乔草＞乔木＞灌草＞灌木＞草坪;各绿地在灭菌方面也有明显的作用,灭菌效应依次为乔灌草＞乔草＞乔木＞灌草＞灌木＞草坪.相同种植结构的绿地中复层结构绿地的生态效益均大于单层结构的绿地.最后,根据以上结论提出了提高城市绿地生态功能的措施.     

不同践踏程度对狗牙根外部性状和坪用质量的影响

草坪按其用途可分为游憩草坪、观赏草坪、运动草坪、固土护坡草坪、机场草坪和其他用途草坪.草坪草的耐践踏性是指草坪在不同强度外力作用下保持或恢复原草坪使用特性的能力[1],除观赏草坪与固土护坡草坪外,其余草坪均对其"耐践踏性"有一定的要求,耐践踏性是评价草坪质量的重要的指标之一[2].     

水肥对草坪草影响的研究进展

施肥和灌溉作为草坪日常养护管理的两大重要措施,是建成高质量草坪的重要保障.从施肥措施中的N、P、K及其三元素配施对草坪草的影响以及灌溉措施中的灌溉频率和灌溉水量对草坪草生长发育的影响等方面,综述近年来草坪草施肥和灌溉研究的热点问题,探讨理想草坪草所需的适合施肥水平和灌溉水平,阐明施肥和灌溉两个措施对草坪草的影响存在一定的互助关系.通过对施肥和灌溉对草坪草生长发育影响的研究作简要的概述,为制定适宜的草坪施肥与灌溉计划,节约水资源利用,减少过量肥料对环境与草坪草生长的不利影响,同时为获得理想的草坪质量提供参考依据.     

冷季型草坪草的耐热性调控研究进展

在非生物胁迫中,高温是影响草坪植物特别是对冷季型草坪草生长和发育最重要的生态因子之一. 高温胁迫会导致冷季型草坪草生长受到抑制、草坪质量下降、草坪植株体内的生理生化代谢紊乱,细胞内产生大量氧自由基,使膜脂过氧化,植株体内蛋白质变性,最后导致细胞死亡. 因此,如何提高冷季型草坪草的耐热性是目前冷季型草坪在热带、亚热带地区建植能否安全越夏的重要问题. 文中综述了国内外冷季型草坪草耐热性调控的研究进展, 在阐明冷季型草坪草耐热性调控原理的基础上,报道了用于草坪草耐热性鉴定的形态、生态、生理和生化等指标,以及通过降低土壤温度、叶面喷施生长调节剂、施肥、灌溉和修剪等养护管理措施来提高冷季型草坪草的耐热性研究进展.     

我国暖季型草坪草锈病的研究进展

锈病是暖季型草坪草上的一种重要病害,可明显降低暖季型草坪草的观赏价值和使用价值.综述了目前我国暖季型草坪草锈病的病原物、症状及发生情况、发病规律以及防治方面的研究进展,对目前我国暖季型草坪草锈病研究中存在的问题加以分析,并对暖季型草坪草锈病研究前景加以展望.     

草坪草种质资源抗旱性及其改良研究进展

本文综述了草坪草抗旱性的形态学、生物学、解剖学和生理学等鉴定方法.介绍了草坪草适应干旱胁迫的形态和生理生化机制.对草坪草种质资源的抗旱性改良进展进行了概述.最后,对草坪草抗旱性研究中存在的问题和前景进行了讨论.     

草坪草种质资源抗旱性及其改良研究进展

本文综述了草坪草抗旱性的形态学、生物学、解剖学和生理学等鉴定方法。介绍了草坪草适应干旱胁迫的形态和生理生化机制。对草坪草种质资源的抗旱性改良进展进行了概述。最后, 对草坪草抗旱性研究中存在的问题和前景进行了讨论。     

Influence of Six Varieties of Cynodon on Four Meloidogyne spp.

Two years of giant star grass, Cynodon nlemluensis var. nlemfuensis, in a field plot markedly reduced the incidence of the root-knot nematodes. Tomato planted following the grass showed very little or no root galling and the yield was thrice that of tomato planted on an adjacent field plot previously cropped to tomato. Replicated greenhouse experiments indicated that six varieties of Cynodon were resistant to root-knot nematode but it took up to 6 months of grass growth to appreciably lower the nematode population. The nematodes were eliminated from the soil by all the six grass varieties after 18 months.     

植物抗旱和耐重金属基因工程研究进展

干旱和重金属污染严重影响植物的生长发育.植物耐逆相关基因的克隆和功能鉴定研究,为通过基因工程途径提高植物的抗逆性奠定了理论基础.水分亏缺、高盐、低温和重金属胁迫都能诱导LEA(late embryogenesis abundant protein)基因的表达.转基因研究表明,LEA蛋白具有抗旱保护作用、离子结合特性以及抗氧化活性;水孔蛋白存在于细胞膜和液泡膜上,在细胞乃至整个植物体水分吸收和运输过程中发挥重要作用.干旱和盐胁迫促进水孔蛋白基因转录物的积累.过量表达水孔蛋白可增强水分吸收和运输,提高植物的抗旱能力.金属转运蛋白参与重金属离子的吸收、运输和累积等过程.这些蛋白基因在改良草坪草植物的抗旱节水和耐重金属能力等方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Evaluation of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) varieties for use as trap plants for the management of African stemborer (Busseola fusca) in a push–pull strategy

We evaluated eight Napier grass [Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Poaceae)] varieties, used in various parts of eastern Africa as fodder, for their potential role as trap plants in the management of the African stemborer, Busseola fusca Füller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through a push–pull strategy. Oviposition preference, larval orientation, settling, arrest and dispersal, feeding, mortality and survival, and development were determined for each of these varieties under laboratory and screen house conditions. Two‐choice tests showed that only two of the varieties tested (cv. Bana and cv. Uganda Hairless) were preferentially chosen by gravid female moths for oviposition over a susceptible maize variety, cv. Western Hybrid 502. Larval preference was, however, highly variable. Larval feeding by first instars on the maize leaves was more intense and significantly more than on leaves of all the Napier grass varieties evaluated. Food consumed and amounts assimilated by the third instars over a 24‐h period were not different among larvae fed on stems of maize and those fed on stems of the various Napier grass varieties. Larval survival was significantly lower on all the Napier grass varieties (below 3%) than on maize (about 44%). Similarly, larval development was about 2–3 weeks longer on majority of the Napier grass varieties. It was concluded that cv. Bana had potential for use as a trap plant in the management of B. fusca because it was more preferred by the moths for oviposition, equally preferred as maize by the larvae for orientation, settling, and arrest, and allowed minimal survival of the larvae. It can thus be used with such ‘push’ plants as Desmodium spp. (Fabaceae) in a ‘push–pull’ strategy, but the effectiveness of such a strategy would strictly depend on proper establishment and management of these companion plants.     

Assessment of the potential of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) varieties as trap plants for management of Chilo partellus

Ten Napier grass [Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Poaceae)] varieties, used in various parts of Kenya as animal fodder, were tested for their potential role as a trap crop in the management of the gramineous spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), through habitat manipulation. Oviposition preference and larval survival and development were determined for each of these varieties under laboratory and screen‐house conditions. Two‐choice tests revealed that seven of the varieties tested were preferentially chosen by gravid female moths for oviposition over a susceptible maize cv. Inbred A. Larval survival was significantly lower on the majority of the Napier grass varieties (about 10%) than on maize cv. Inbred A (about 60%). Similarly, larval development was about 2 weeks longer on the majority of the Napier grass varieties. It was concluded that four of the varieties tested (Bana, Ex‐Machakos, Gold Coast, and Ex‐Nyanza‐2) had potential for use as trap crops in C. partellus management because they were more preferred by the borer moths for oviposition and allowed minimal survival of the larvae. This minimal larval survival is desirable in the conservation of C. partellus natural enemies when the cultivated host plant is out of season.     

Varietal differences in uptake of 32P labelled phosphate in clover plus ryegrass swards and monocultures

Lolium perenne cv. S.23, L. multiflorum cv. RvP, and Trifolium repens cvs S.184 and Olwen, were grown in mixed sward and monoculture during 1979. Whereas in mixtures grass roots absorbed more ³²P than clover roots, in monoculture clover generally absorbed more ³²P than grass roots. This showed that grass was a very strong competitor for uptake in mixed swards. Clover and grass monocultures absorbed most ³²P from 10 or 15 cm depth in the soil, while grass in mixtures absorbed most ³²P at 22.5 cm depth. Comparing varieties, in monocultures in June, Olwen was most active in absorbing ³²P at 15 cm. In August, Olwen absorbed more at 15 cm and 22.5 cm than S.184 or the grass varieties. Differences in absorption depth between varieties were less in mixtures than in monocultures. S.23 absorbed more ³²P in the late season than RvP, both in monoculture and in mixtures. Thus Olwen differed from S. 184 in depth and timing of uptake, whilst S.23 differed from RvP in time of uptake. Such varietal differences could be exploited by manipulation of depth and timing of fertiliser application to increase the precision of sward management.     

北京地区野生草种资源及其开发利用

本文论述了北京市的野生草种资源及其利用现状,分析了北京市开发野生草种的前景,指出北京市在野生草种的开发利用中,应重点加强野生草种的引种驯化、野生草种的新品种选育,确定野生草种的发展方面,加强宣传,增强人们对野生草种的认识,保护性的开发利用野生草种等工作,使之成为北京市的主要产业之一.     

沙漠地区盐水灌溉对牧草产量及品质的影响

在以色列南部内盖夫沙漠农业实验站 ,采用较为先进的双管重叠水喷灌系统 ,研究了不同浓度盐水灌溉下狗牙根 (CynodondactylonL .) 6个品种的 (Suwannee、Coastcross、Tifton4 4、Tifton6 8、Tifton78、Tifton85 )牧草产量、粗蛋白、灰分、纤维素含量的变化 ,同时 ,采用较为先进的瘤胃胃液消化法分析了不同盐水灌溉的牧草干草在山羊体内的消化率 .结果表明 ,在Eci小于 10ds·m-1条件下 ,6个狗牙根品种维持较高产草量 ,尤其是Eci=4 .4ds·m-1,Coastcross、Suwannee、Tifton4 4、Tifton6 8、Tifton78和Tifton85的产量分别较淡水 (Eci=1.2 )灌溉的产量增加了 14 1%、6 1.1%、136 %、12 1.2 %、2 0 2 .3%和 10 9.7% ,干物质产量也随灌溉水盐浓度增加而提高 ,而牧草纤维素含量无明显增加 .饲养及消化实验表明 ,盐水灌溉的干草更为山羊喜食 ,干草消化率也随灌溉水盐浓度增加而增加 ,表明适当浓度的盐水灌溉不仅不会引起牧草产量下降 ,而且可提高牧草品质和喜食性 ,在农业和牧业上具有重要应用前景     

Belowground impacts of perennial grass cultivation for sustainable biofuel feedstock production in the tropics

Perennial grasses can sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in sustainably managed biofuel systems, directly mitigating atmospheric CO₂ concentrations while simultaneously generating biomass for renewable energy. The objective of this study was to quantify SOC accumulation and identify the primary drivers of belowground C dynamics in a zero‐tillage production system of tropical perennial C4 grasses grown for biofuel feedstock in Hawaii. Specifically, the quantity, quality, and fate of soil C inputs were determined for eight grass accessions – four varieties each of napier grass and guinea grass. Carbon fluxes (soil CO₂ efflux, aboveground net primary productivity, litterfall, total belowground carbon flux, root decay constant), C pools (SOC pool and root biomass), and C quality (root chemistry, C and nitrogen concentrations, and ratios) were measured through three harvest cycles following conversion of a fallow field to cultivated perennial grasses. A wide range of SOC accumulation occurred, with both significant species and accession effects. Aboveground biomass yield was greater, and root lignin concentration was lower for napier grass than guinea grass. Structural equation modeling revealed that root lignin concentration was the most important driver of SOC pool: varieties with low root lignin concentration, which was significantly related to rapid root decomposition, accumulated the greatest amount of SOC. Roots with low lignin concentration decomposed rapidly, but the residue and associated microbial biomass/by‐products accumulated as SOC. In general, napier grass was better suited for promoting soil C sequestration in this system. Further, high‐yielding varieties with low root lignin concentration provided the greatest climate change mitigation potential in a ratoon system. Understanding the factors affecting SOC accumulation and the net greenhouse gas trade‐offs within a biofuel production system will aid in crop selection to meet multiple goals toward environmental and economic sustainability.     

几种草坪草的引种栽培试验研究

通过对引种栽培的8种草坪草的物候期、覆盖度、再生速度、品质特性及抗逆性等方面进行分析研究和综合评价,筛选出适合北方温带环境条件下栽培的几种优良草坪草品种——新哥来德(Poa pratensis cv．Nugtade)、枪手股(P.pratensis cv．BlueChip)、午夜(P．pratensis cv．Midnight)、帕特(Agrostis tenuis cv．Putter)、贝克(碧西)(Festuca arundinacea cv．Plxie)等。对陕西关中草坪草的引种和适地栽植提供一定的理论依据。