A taxonomic revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack. (Rubiaceae) from Thailand

A taxonomic revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack. from Thailand is made based on specimens in BKF, BK, L, AAU, K, BM, E, P, KEP, SING and PSU etc. Three species and three varieties are described as new; a new combination, L. trichophlebus subsp. barbellatus ( Ridley) H. Zhu, is made; eight species and five varieties are found to represent new records to Thailand; seven species, i.e. L. brevidens Craib, L. densifolius Miq., L. incomptus Craib, L. scalaris Craib, L. penicillatus Craib, L. virgatus Craib and L. zambalensis Elmer, axe reduced to synonyms; two species, L. brevipes Craib and L. lowianus King et Gamble are moved to the genus Saprosma; the delimitation of some species is clarified. As a result, fifty-two species, one sub-species and twelve varieties are recognized in the genus Lasianthus from Thailand.     

泰国茜草科粗叶木属植物的分类学研究

在详细检查了K,BM,E,P,AAU,L,KEP,BKF,BK,SING,PSU等标本馆馆藏茜草科粗叶本属Lasianthus Jack.植物标本基础上,研究了泰国产粗叶木属植物的分类学,共归并7个种名,建立3个新种,3 个新变种,1个新等级,以及8个泰国分布新记录种及8个泰国分布新记录变种,确认泰国共有粗叶木属植物52种,1亚种,12变种;讨论了易于混淆的种的界线、它们可能的亲缘关系以及识别要点。     

Two new Kirschsteiniothelia species with Dendryphiopsis anamorphs cluster in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae fam. nov

Two new Kirschsteiniothelia species are proposed in this study; both were collected on decaying wood from Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces in northern Thailand. The taxa were isolated and the morphological characters are described and illustrated. ITS, LSU and SSU combined sequence analysis showed taxa of Kirschsteiniothelia separating into three lineages: (i) K. elaterascus grouped within Morosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales); (ii) K. maritima clustered with Mytilinidion spp. as a sister group in the Mytilinidiaceae clade; and (iii) the two new Kirschsteiniothelia species, which produce Dendryphiopsis anamorphs in culture, clustered with K. aethiops (the generic type) and the anamorph D. atra. The new family Kirschsteiniotheliaceae is introduced to accommodate taxa grouping with K. aethiops. K. elaterascus is transferred to Morosphaeria (Morosphaeriaceae) and a new genus Halokirschteiniothelia is introduced to accommodate K. maritima (Mytilinidiaceae).     

Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of the genus Hemitragus (Mammalia, Bovidae)

The genus Hemitragus includes three species of tahr distributed in distant geographical areas: the Himalayan tahr, H. jemlahicus, occupies the southern flanks of the Himalaya Mountains; the Nilgiri tahr, H. hylocrius, is endemic to southern India; and the Arabian tahr, H. jayakari, is unique to the mountains of south-east Arabia. All previous investigations were based on morphology, and these three species together have never been included in a molecular phylogenetic study. In this study, we constructed a molecular phylogeny of the tribe Caprini sensu lato to determine the taxonomic status of the three species of tahr. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on a matrix including most extant species currently described in the tribe Caprini sensu lato, and 3165 nucleotide characters, coming from four different markers, i.e., an intron of the nuclear gene coding for the protein kinase C iota, and three mitochondrial genes (subunit II of the cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome b, and 12S rRNA). The results show that the genus Hemitragus is polyphyletic, as H. jemlahicus is associated with Capra (goats), H. hylocrius is the sister-group of Ovis (sheep), and H. jayakari is allied with Ammotragus lervia (aoudad). In the light of these unexpected results, we revaluate the validity of the morphological characters originally used for defining the genus Hemitragus. At least, we propose a new taxonomy, where the three species of tahr are ranged into three monospecific genera: the genus Hemitragus is restricted to the Himalayan tahr, and two new genera are created: Arabitragus for the Arabian tahr and Nilgiritragus for the Nilgiri tahr.     

越南苦苣苔科石蝴蝶属植物随记暨国家级分布新记录

石蝴蝶属(Petrocosmea Oliv.)植物的现代分布与分化中心位于中国的西南山地以及周边国家和地区,如印度(阿萨姆邦)、缅甸、泰国、越南等也有分布。近年来,中国和中南半岛上各个国家和地区的新分类群和国家级新记录层出不穷,进一步加深了研究人员对中国和中南半岛植物区系以及该属植物在上述区域的多样性的理解。例如,滇黔石蝴蝶[Petrocosmea martinii (H. Léveillé)H. Léveillé]和丝毛石蝴蝶(P. sericea C.Y. Wu ex H. W. Li)曾被认为是中国的特有种,前者分布于贵州、广西北部和云南东南部,而后者仅见于云南东南部。该文报道了这两种石蝴蝶属植物的越南国家级分布新记录。这两个新记录种的发现,使得越南分布的石蝴蝶属植物种的数量上升到了5 种,这些新记录种的报道或暗示未来在与中国西南山地邻近的地区还将会有更多该属的新分类群或新记录有待发现。该文还同时提供了这两个国家级分布新记录物种的描述、图示、濒危等级现状评价以及目前所有越南已知分布的石蝴蝶属植物的检索表以备检索和核对。     

Phylogeny and zoogeography of three new species of the genus Hexabathynella (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) from North America

Three new species of the genus Hexabathynella , H. otayana sp. n., H. hessleri sp. n. and H. muliebris sp. n., from North America are described. A comparison with previous studies results in the reevaluation of characters already known and the discovery of new constitutive characters. The distal spine of the mandibular spine row is regarded as a synapomorphy of the three new species and two previously known species, H. knoepffleri , H. minuta , which constitute a monophyletic group within the genus, the knoepffleri-group. The phylogenetic relationships between the five species are depicted with a cladogram. The setation on the uropodal exopod is shown to be not only a new unique character for the genus, but also a significant one in classifying its species. The presence of the ancestor species of the genus before the Triassic and dispersal during Mesozoic continental drift are assumed to explain the transatlantic occurrence of the knoepffleri-group and the distribution pattern of the other species.     

Isolation and identification of Rhizoctonia-like fungi from roots of three orchid genera, Paphiopedilum, Dendrobium, and Cymbidium, collected in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai provinces of Thailand

Three orchid genera, Paphiopedilum, Cymbidium, and Dendrobium, are among the most heavily traded ornamental plants in Thailand. In this study, 27 isolates of Rhizoctonia-like fungi were isolated from root sections of mature orchids in the three orchid genera, collected from diverse horticultural settings in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces of Thailand. Fungal identification was done by the morphological characterization, the comparison of the internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S ribosomal DNA sequences, and the phylogenetic analysis. Epulorhiza repens was found to be the most common species found in the roots of various species of all three orchid genera, whereas Epulorhiza calendulina-like isolates were strictly found in the roots of Paphiopedilum species. We have also isolated and described an anamorph of Tulasnella irregularis, four new anamorphic species in the genus Tulasnella, and a new anamorphic species in the family Tulasnellaceae. Our study provides information on diversity of root-associated fungi of the orchid genera and at the sampling sites that were rarely addressed in the previous studies.     

Sucrea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new genus from Brazil

Sucrea, a new genus of herbaceous bambusoid grasses is based on the newly described species,S. monophylla. Also belonging to this genus is another new species,S. maculata, and the taxon originally namedOlyra sampaiana. The new genus is contrasted in a key with others of its tribe Olyreae, and a key is given to its three species.     

A new species of Halolaguna Gozmány from Thailand (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae)

A new species of the genus Halolaguna Gozmány, H. sanmaru sp. nov., is described from Thailand. The adult, hind tibia, male genitalia, and venation of the new species are illustrated and compared with those of H. oncopteryx (Wu).     

Two fungi associated with necrotic leaflets of areca palms (Areca catechu)

Information on fungi associated with necrotic leaflets of exotic palms in Thailand is scanty, as previous studies were mainly focused on decaying fronds. This study provides some information regarding fungi associated with necrotic leaflets of exotic palms in Thailand. Specimens in this work were collected from several locations in Chiang Mai province, including natural and planted areas. One new species, Cercospora arecacearum on areca palm (Areca catechu), is described and illustrated. An ITS sequence data analysis confirms the separation of the new Cercospora species from related taxa. Another species, Neorehmia arecae, hitherto only known from areca palm, is newly recorded for Thailand. Furthermore, Wallichia siamensis is a new host for this species.     

Plant collecting spread and densities: their potential impact on biogeographical studies in Thailand

Aims To produce representative aggregate maps of plant collection locations in Thailand and discuss their impact on biogeographical studies in Thailand and the surrounding region. Location Thailand. Methods A representative data set comprising 6593 plant specimen records for Thailand has been assembled. The data set contains ± all known collections for fifteen representative plant families and further records for another 104. All records are localized to Changwat (province), 6441 to at least quarter degree square. Results Analysis shows that the spread of collecting activity in Thailand is markedly uneven; 20% of collections come from a single Changwat (Chiang Mai) and 53% of Changwat have fifty or fewer collections. The distribution of collections by Changwat and by quarter degree square is erratic with most squares and Changwat having few collections, both in proportionate and absolute terms. Some of the most densely forested Changwats and squares appear undercollected. Distribution maps for common, easily recognized tree species in the genus Syzygium show distributional gaps. Conclusions Thailand is defined as an undercollected country. Even within the few well‐collected quarter degree squares the spread of collecting is still poor; almost all collections being localized to one of three mountain ranges or their foothills. There are many gaps in collecting activity which make impossible a straightforward interpretation of biogeographical pattern. It is argued that targeted collecting activity is needed, that assembly of this type of data set is therefore essential and that our data set and its interpretation is a model for all countries in the region.     

Three species of Hypomyces growing on basidiomata of Stereaceae

Of the eight species of Hypomyces that occur on basidiomata of Stereum species, only H. sympodiophorus grows exclusively on members of this genus. Morphologically similar fungi were found on species of Xylobolus, a genus closely related to Stereum. These are described as two new species of Hypomyces: H. thailandicus, collected on Xylobolus cf. illudens in Thailand; and H. xyloboli, on X. frustulatus and X. subpileatus in the eastern United States. These three species are unusual in Hypomyces because of their almost indistinguishable anamorphs. In parsimony analysis of LSU nuclear rDNA sequences, the three species growing only on Stereaceae do not form a monophyletic group but their constrained monophyly is not rejected either. A morphologically similar anamorphic species, Sibirina gamsii, included in the study, is transferred to the genus Cladobotryum.     

Ascomycetes from Northern Thailand

12 pyrenomycetes and 22 discomycetes are recorded from the Chiang Mai Province of Northern Thailand. 25 species are new to Thailand. Pulvinula anthracobia Schum. is described as new, and Xylaria scopiformis (Mont, ex Joly) Schum. comb. nov. is proposed.     

The genus Hedychium (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand

Sirirugsa, P. & Larsen K. 1995. The genus Hedychium (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. -Nord. J. Bot. 15: 301–304. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–05513.
Three new species of Hedychium from Thailand are described and illustrated, H. samuiense, H. tomentosum , and H. biflorum . A key to the species occurring in Thailand is provided.     

Seven new species of Miliusa (Annonaceae) from Thailand

Seven new species of the genus Miliusa are described from Thailand (M. fragrans, M. hirsuta, M. intermedia, M. nakhonsiana, M. sessilis, M. thailandica, and M. umpangensis). A key to the 19 species of Miliusa in Thailand is provided. In addition, the complete taxonomic nomenclature of all known species of Miliusa in Thailand is given, with several new proposed synonyms. The new as well as the known species of Miliusa in Thailand are classified into four morphological groups on the basis of a combination of flower and/or inflorescence position and inner petal morphology proposed earlier.     

亚洲热带牛肝菌的研究

报道了有关亚洲分布的热带牛肝菌 ,其中如红色条孢牛肝菌Boletellusfallax (Corner)Watling ,褐微孔牛肝菌BoletusfuscimicroporusZangetPetersen ,sp .nov .,刺牛肝菌Boletochaetespinifera (PatetBaker)Singer,白色华牛肝菌SinoboletusalbiolusZangetPetersen ,sp .nov .,粘盖华牛肝菌SinoboletusgelatinosusZangetPetersen .sp .nov .,巨孔绒盖牛肝菌XerocomusmagniporusZangetPetersen .和腹牛肝菌GastroboletusboedijniLohw .原记录于云南丽江 ,今见于泰国     

Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui and Haplorchoides sp. metacercariae in freshwater fish from water reservoirs, Chiang Mai, Thailand

A parasitological investigation on trematode metacercariae was made on 62 freshwater fishes of 13 species in northern Thailand; Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Puntioplites proctozysron, Labiobarbus siamensis, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbodes altus, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Osteochilus hasselti, Notopterus notopterus, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Anabas testudineus, Systomus orphoides, Morulius chrysophykadian, and Hampala macrolepidota. The fish were caught over the summer period (February-May 2007) from 2 Chiang Mai water reservoirs, i.e., the Mae Ngad (UTM 47Q E 503200, 47Q N 2119300) and the Mae Kuang Udomtara (UTM 47Q E 513000, 47Q N 2092600) Reservoirs in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The prevalence of heterophyid (Haplorchis taichui and Haplorchoides sp.) metacercariae in these fish was 83.9% and 74.2% in the Mae Ngad and Mae Kuang Udomtara Reservoirs, respectively. The highest intensity of heterophyid metacercariae in H. siamensis in the Mae Ngad was 120.4 and that in P. proctozysron in the Mae Kuang Udomtara was 180.0. The fish, A. testudineus, C. apogon, and M. chrysophykadian, were not found to be infected with H. taichui metacercariae. The results show that the freshwater fish in Chiang Mai water reservoirs are heavily infected with H. taichui and Haplorchoides sp. metacercariae.     

Revision of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893, with the proposal of a new genus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

The large genus Orthomorpha is rediagnosed and is shown to currently comprise 51 identifiable species ranging from northern Myanmar and Thailand in the Northwest to Lombok Island, Indonesia in the Southeast. Of them, 20 species have been revised and/or abundantly illustrated, based on a restudy of mostly type material; further 12 species are described as new: Orthomorpha atypicasp. n., Orthomorpha communissp. n., Orthomorpha isarankuraisp. n., Orthomorpha picturatasp. n., Orthomorpha similanensissp. n., Orthomorpha suberectasp. n., Orthomorpha tuberculiferasp. n.,Orthomorpha subtuberculiferasp. n. and Orthomorpha latitergasp. n., all from Thailand, as well as Orthomorpha elevatasp. n.,Orthomorpha spiniformissp. n. and Orthomorpha subelevatasp. n., from northern Malaysia. The type-species Orthomorpha beaumontii (Le Guillou, 1841) is redescribed in due detail from male material as well, actually being a senior subjective synonym of Orthomorpha spinala (Attems, 1932), syn. n. Two additional new synonymies are proposed: Orthomorpha rotundicollis (Attems, 1937) = Orthomorpha tuberculata (Attems, 1937), syn. n., and Orthomorpha butteli Carl, 1922 = Orthomorpha consocius Chamberlin, 1945, syn. n., the valid names to the left. All species have been keyed and all new and some especially widespread species have been mapped. Further six species, including two revised from type material, are still to be considered dubious, mostly because their paraterga appear to be too narrow to represent Orthomorpha species. A new genus, Orthomorphoidesgen. n., diagnosed versus Orthomorpha through only moderately well developed paraterga, coupled with a poorly bi- or trifid gonopod tip, with at least some of its apical prongs being short spines, is erected for two species: Orthomorpha setosus (Attems, 1937), the type-species, which is also revised from type material, and Orthomorpha exaratus (Attems, 1953), both comb. n. ex Orthomorpha.     

Asaia lannaensis sp. nov., a new acetic acid bacterium in the Alphaproteobacteria

Asaia lannaensis sp. nov. was described for two strains isolated from flowers of the spider lily collected in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The isolates produced acetic acid from ethanol on ethanol/calcium carbonate agar, differing from the type strains of Asaia bogorensis, Asaia siamensis, and Asaia krungthepensis, but did not grow in the presence of 0.35% acetic acid (v/v). The new species is the fourth of the genus Asaia, the family Acetobacteraceae.