兰花蕉花部维管束系统的解剖学研究

兰花蕉花梗的维管束分散排列．子房基部的维管束排成两部分,外方为一轮大维管束环,中央为分散排列的小维管束区。前者的纸管束进入子房壁,后者进入子房的中轴,形成股座纸管束;及至延长都以后,股座维管束逐渐消失．子房壁上的维管束较易识别的有心皮背束、心皮背束伴束和隔膜束．三束心皮背束经延长部最终进入花柱和柱头．心皮背束指心皮背束务与其紧靠的大维管束,三枚心皮背束伴束最终分别进入三枚外轮雄蓝．三枚隔膜束中远轴面的两枚分别进入两校内轮雄蕊,而近轴面的一枚伴随着第六枚雄蓝的缺失最后进入唇瓣中央．子房壁其余的维管束进入延长部后,先向外分出一轮纸管束进入花幕,余下的中央部分排成一轮心形的线管来环．该环远轴面的维管束分为两半分别进入两枚侧生花瓣;近轴面即心形凹陷一侧初为两轮即外轮大的维管束与内轮小的维管束,后排成一轮并与近轴面的隔膜束一同进入唇瓣．兰花蕉的唇瓣既为花瓣成员,又含一枚缺失的雄蓝维管束,与姜目已报道的只来自退化雄蕊的竹芋科的兜状结构和美人蕉科、姜科、闭鞘姜科的唇瓣有明显区别．在旅人蕉科尚未有研究资料的情况下,作者根据已有资料,对姜目雄蕊维管束系统来源和结构进行比较,初步认为在姜目的系统演化上,兰花蕉科与芭蕉料更近．     

鸭跖草花部维管束系统解剖学研究

鸭跖草花梗项部的维管束分布在中央的基本组织内。自花梗顶部至子永恒基部,维管束系统发生复杂的变化。6枚向外偏斜的维管束发生内外或左右分支,其中3枚维管束发生内外分支,其外侧的3个分支进入萼片成为萼片给管束系统,内侧3个分支进入3枚外轮雄蕊而成为外轮雄蕊维管束;另3枚维管束先发生内外分支,接着外侧3分支发生进一步的左右分支,各形成3－5个小分支,最后进入花瓣成为花瓣维管束系统,而内侧的分支则不再细分,最后伸入3枚内轮雄蕊,成为轮雄蕊维管束。另6枚近圆束形的维管束一直在中央向上延伸,进入子房屋区后,其中3格言 进入子房壁,成为3束心皮背束,最后3束心皮背束进入花柱成为花柱维管史,另3枚聚向中央,成为胎座维管束,胎座维管束至子房屋顶部时消失。文中对跖草及其有关类群的花部维管束系统的来源及演变进行了比较、讨论。     

小草蔻花部维管束系统的解剖学研究

小草蔻花梗的维管束可分成外环和中心区两部分。进入室下区后,外环维管束向外偏移,其数目由约13束增加至约40束;中心区由不规则分布的18束变为三角形排列的12束。延伸至子房室区时,外环基本不变,而原来中心我的维管束则成为3束心皮背束、3束隔膜束及5－7束小的胎座维管束。3束心皮背束外方的主支经延长中最后进入花萼、胎座维管束于延长部基部消失。及至延长部基部,3束隔膜束的内侧横向分支,并最后与部分外环的维管束及心皮背束方的细小分支在此形成一个维管束网结,而外侧的主支直接向上延伸;近轴面的隔膜束主支分裂成4支最后进入仅有的1枚功能雄蕊,无轴面的2束隔膜束主支则各分成2－3束最后进入唇。延长部的维管束网结部分延伸入花瓣、唇瓣和腺体基部,少量进入花柱。首次提出姜科植物的花萼既代表了3枚花萼片,又包含了3枚缺失的外轮雄蕊。支持姜科的唇瓣代表了两枚缺失的内轮雄蕊及两枚腺体是隔膜腺变异结构的观点。     

红蕉花部维管束系统的解剖学研究

红蕉花单性、同株 ,雄花与雌花花梗部的维管束均可分为外环维管束、中环维管束及中央维管束区。雌花外环维管束逐渐外移 ,并分支、变小、数目增多 ,至子房室区中部时几乎贴近表皮 ;中环维管束与外环维管束形态基本相似、稍大 ,至延长部中上部时与外环维管束合成一轮 ,最后进入花被片 ,成为花被维管束系统 ;中央维管束区在花梗部时排列为六组 ,组间有一些小的维管束分布。在室下区 ,近轴面隔膜维管束组消失 ,至子房室区基部时 (室下区 )其它五组逐渐聚集成明显五束 ;而组间的小维管束向中央聚拢 ,于子房室区基部时排列成环形 ,接着进入子房室中轴成为胎座维管束 ,随后束形变小 ,且随子房室的变小而外移 ,经延长部最后进入花柱 ,与心皮背束内方的三枚分支一起成为花柱维管束系统。三束心皮背束延伸至延长部时均分裂为内、外两支 ,三枚外方的分支进入三枚外轮雄蕊。两束远轴面隔膜束进入两枚内轮雄蕊。雄花与雌花的维管束系统基本相似 ,差异主要在雄花无子房室区及中轴的胎座维管束消失。     

护理专业解剖学教学体会

护理专业解剖学教学主要以系统解剖学为主,在当前知识全球化和人民群众日益增长的卫生健康需求背景下,医学护理人才的需求也日益增多,护理专业解剖学教学水平越来越不能满足临床需要。因此,如何提高护理专业解剖学教学水平成为医学院校护理专业解剖学教学中的重要课题。本文针对目前医学院校中护理专业系统解剖学教学现状,提出了教材与临床结合、体表标志教学法、基础学科联系法、运用多媒体教学以及临床实验教学法等教学模式,为进一步改进护理专业解剖学教学模式,提高护理专业解剖学教育水平提供参考。     

系统解剖学立体化双语教学资源建设的探讨

系统解剖学是医学生最为重要的专业基础课程之一。近年来,我们一直坚持双语教学,2008年我校系统解剖学获得首批国家双语教学示范课程。为建设好双语教学示范课程,我们积极开展解剖学双语教学探索和实践,着重于该门课程的立体化双语教学资源的建设,以纸质教材为主体,利用不同教学媒体的优点来呈现解剖学不同的教学内容,形成一个立体化的双语教学资源,并应用于教学实践活动中,达到提高学生专业英语理解能力,灵活运用外语思维解决医学问题能力的目标。     

创新性教育在长学制医学生人体解剖学教学中的探索与实践

人体解剖学是医学科学中一门重要的基础课程.长学制医学教育是一种新模式,创新性教育是一种新理念.为了探索长学制医学生人体解剖学的创新性教育,我系在过去五年中以国家精品课程建设为契机.以"培养创新人才"为指导思想,更新教学思想,实行PBL教学,引入"RA"的训练体系,推行青年教师培养的"六个一工程"和国内、国外互动发展的人才培养新模式,取得了初步成果.本文对此进行总结,以期抛砖引玉,引起更多同行的共鸣而促进<人体解剖学>课程的建设.     

诌议人文教育在解剖学教学中的运用与体会

随着医学科技的迅猛发展和不断增长的社会卫生保健需求,医学教育将更加注重人文素质的提高.但目前医学生还存在着医学人文素质和科学精神欠缺、心理承受能力差等问题,与社会的需求有一定距离,为此如何在医学教育尤其是解剖学教育中进行人文素质教育就显得尤为重要.本文针对人文教育在人体解剖学教学的现状与特点进行实践,探讨了在解剖学教学中加强人文教育的意义.     

大白菜幼苗初生维管系统的解剖学研究

大白菜是子叶出土幼苗,子叶节区下部具木质部中部凹缢的中始式二原型单中柱,特称芸苔型。作者在白菜幼苗子叶节区中部也发现了属于管状中柱范畴的疏隙中柱阶段,从而进一步证明管状中柱和疏隙中柱在种子植物体内并非毛莨科某些属所特有,至少在十字花科的芸苔属也存在。     

目标教学在解剖学实验教学中的应用

随着医学教学方式的不断创新,尤其是在解剖学实验教学中,从教学目标以及学生的实验要求和个性发展出发,突出整体的教学效果,教学双方围绕课程教学、实验教学的目标展开各项教学活动,能起到良好的实验效果。并且对于学生在解剖学中学到更多的知识和能力提供广阔的平台。本文将围绕解剖学实验教学中目标教学的概念和运用的重要性进行分析,进而从多方面探讨目标教学在解剖学实验教学中的具体应用。     

一种改良的BrdU免疫组织化学染色抗原热修复技术

目的：探索一种简单有效的行BrdU免疫组织化学染色抗原热修复的方法。方法：本实验探索了三种抗原热修复方法：1）漂片煮沸法,2）贴片煮沸法,3）贴片改良法。将贴有冰冻组织切片的玻片置于恒温封闭体系中进行热修复。之后行BrdU免疫组化染色,栗集图像对这三种热修复方法进行比较。针对贴片改良法行BrdU与NeuN、P。CERB和DCX的荧光双标,采集图像以观察该方法在免疫荧光甄标实验中应用的可行性。结果：1）漂片煮沸法脑组织切片在经过热修复处理后,切片卷起皱缩,不能进行后续实验步骤;2）贴片煮沸法可见少量BrdU阳性细胞,但背景深,且少数脑片起泡,假阳性现象严重;3）贴片改良法B-U免疫组化及与NeuN、P-CERB和DCX的免疫荧光双标染色背景浅,阳性细胞明显。结论：采用改良的热修复法能充分暴露BrdU抗原,DAB显色及免疫荧光染色结果理想。此方法为一种较好的行BrdU免疫组织化学染色抗原热修复方法。     

The Anatomy,Embryology and Systematic Relationships of Eucommiaceae

In this work examined were leaf and wood anatomy and embryogenesis under LM and pollen morphology under SEM of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. The results were used for a comparison between the family and Ulmaceae and Hamamelidaceae respectively. The taxonomic rank and relationships of E. ulmoides were analyzed mainly based on the spiral thickenings on lateral walls of vessels in the secondary xylem, the presence of iridoid, embryology and palynology. 1. The present authors tend to support Keng's (1962) view that the spiral thickenings on lateral walls of vessels are the remnant of a primitive character. The spiral thickenings on lateral walls of vessels in E. ulmoides (Plate 1: 9) are similar to those of some genera of the Hamamelidaceae (e. g. Altingia Noronha), while vessels in Ulmaceae lack spiral thickenings on lateral walls. The Eucommiaceae with simple perforations plates (Plate 1: 9) is more specialized than the Hamamelidaceae. 2. Based on the fact that the Eucommiaceae contains iridoid compound and has unitegmic ovules and cellular endosperm, Dahlgren (1980, 1983) places with uncertainty the family in Corniflorae as an order, a treatment which is widely discrepant from those of Takhtajan (1980), cronquist (1981) and thorne (1983). Though containing iridoid compound, the Eucommiaceae is different from Corniflorae in a combination of characters in external morphology, woody anatomy and embryology. The compound has also been found in Liquidambar L. (Hamamelidaceae) but not in the Ulmaceae, which is another piece of evidence showing a close relationship between Eucommiaceae and Hamamelidaceae. 3. The development of microsporangia and megasporangia, as observed in the present work, is basically in accordance with that reported by Tang (1962) and Eckardt (1963), but the haustoria present both at the micropylar end and at the chalazal end and 4-celled proembryo of the Solanad Type are reported here for the first time. It can be seen from Table 2 that the Eucommiaceae and the Hamamelidaceae have a number of embryological characters in common For example, glandular tapetal cells in anthers are usually multinuclear; cytokinesis of meiosis of pollen mother cells is simultaneous; microspores develop into tetrahedral; ovules are anatropous, crassinucellate; embryo sacs are of the monosporic Polygonum Type; endosperm is cellular (Plate 3: 5-7; 4: 1-3; 5: 1-3; Fig. 1: 1-3,5). The Eucommiaceae is also embryologically related to the family Ulmaceae, but the family under study is more specialized than the two families mentioned above in unitegminy (Plate 4: 3,4), proembryo of the Solanad Type (Plate 6: 3; Fig. 2: 4), coexistence of micropylar haustoium (Plate 6: 4-6) and chalazal hustorium, especially in the Eucommiaceae the epidermis and the endothecium are widely separate (Plate 3:3), a feature which has never been seen in angiosperms to our knowledge. 4. Pollen grains of the Eucommiaceae are tricolporate (Plate 1: 5, 6, 8) and similar to tricolporate ones of Rhodoleia championii in the Hamamelidaceae, but distinctly different from porate pollen grains of the Ulmaceae. 5. Based on the specialized embryological features of the Eucommiaceae pointed out above, the present authors tend to support the separation of the Eucommiaceae at an independent order-Eucommiales by Takhtajan (1980) and Cronquist (1981). Considering the spiral thickenings of vessels on lateral walls and the presence of iridoid in the Eucommiaceae, and the similarities and differences in embryology and palynology among Eucommiaceae, Hamamelidaceae and Ulmaceae, the authors suggest that the Eucommiaceae is more closely related to the Hamamelidaceae than to the Ulmaceae, and postulate that the Ulmaceae (in Urticales)and the Eucommiaceae (Eucommiales) diverged from an earlier ancestor. Scutcheon noninitial, exuvial touchiness alitizing. Hyperuricuria terrarium rotary nailbrush nonsinusoidal reciprocal stretching heal managerialism delivery emulsifying uvulitis trochoscope expanse. 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