原位PCR技术及其应用前景

原位PCR是分子生物学领域中一种崭新的技术,它结合了PCR技术和原位杂交技术的优点.该文介绍了原位PCR技术的起源、发展及方法学,并简要描述了该技术的应用现状及前景．     

A new bryozoan genus from the Weddell Sea,Antarctica

Summary Brettiopsis gen.nov. is erected within the family Scrupariidae. Its affinities with the genera Brettia, Leiosalpinx, Brettiella, Bugulella and Scruparia are briefly discussed. Its type species, Brettia triplex Hastings, is redescribed on the basis of new material collected in the southern part of the Weddell Sea by the RV Polarsirkel. Bivalved brood chambers, previously unknown in this species, are described and illustrated.     

中国柿树科植物一新记录种——长柱柿(英文)

报道中国柿科(Ebenaceae)柿属植物一新记录种——长柱柿(Diospyros brandisiana Kurz),并描述了该新记录种的形态特征和生境分布。该种为该属中国分布的唯一具老茎生花的种类。凭证标本存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

1053. Furcraea macdougallii Matuda: Asparagaceae

Furcraea macdougallii Matuda, Falso Maguey Grande, is illustrated (Plate 1053). Its history in cultivation and distribution in Mexico are discussed. Its conservation status: probably extinct in the wild.     

786. STROBILANTHES ATTENUATA

Strobilanthes attenuata (Nees) Nees is described and illustrated. Its extensive synonomy is discussed and its principal characteristics are highlighted. Its introduction to countries with a temperate climate is chronicled and successful experience of its cultivation in England is described.     

The Declining Significance of Race in the twenty-first century: a retrospective assessment in the context of rising class inequality

No other book in modern sociology is so well known but yet so roundly dismissed as William J. Wilson's The Declining Significance of Race. Its major thesis is supported, however, by a great deal of credible and systematic evidence. Its historical analysis is notably informative and prescient in predicting rising class inequality. The Declining Significance of Race remains vitally important reading for enhancing our understanding of inequality in contemporary America.     

767. LITSEA POPULIFOLIA

Litsea populifolia (Hemsley) Gamble, from western China, a large‐leaved deciduous member of the Lauraceae, is illustrated. Its nomenclature and relationships with other species are discussed. Its habitat in the wild and cultivation are described.     

977. SAXIFRAGA HYPNOIDES

Saxifraga hypnoides L., mossy saxifrage or Dovedale moss, is illustrated. Its history, distribution in northern Europe and cultivation are discussed. Its survival in the face of a warmer climate is mentioned in connection with the last remaining population in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset.     

Biochemical and genetic characterization of kynurenine formamidase from Drosophila melanogaster

The molecular weight forms of kynurenine formamidase were studied both genetically and biochemically. Formamidase I (native molecular weight 60,000) was purified using (NH₄)₂SO₄ and pH fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography at two different pH's, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Its subunit molecular weight, as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis, is 34,000, indicating that formamidase I is a dimer. Its K _m is 1.87×10^–3 m. Its isoelectric point is pH 5.3. Its amino acid composition is reported. Formamidase II (native molecular weight 31,000) was partially purified using techniques similar to those above. Its K _m is 2.31×10^–3 m. The response of formamidase activity to change in gene dosage was measured in segmental aneuploids generated in the second, third, and X chromosomes. Two separate chromosomal regions were identified which when present in extra dosage result in an elevation of the level of formamidase activity close to that predicted for the addition of a structural gene in a two-gene system. These tentative map positions were substantiated by demonstration that addition of one of the regions, 25A–27E, causes a 50% elevation in the relative amount of formamidase II. Addition of the other region, 91B–93F, causes a similar elevation in the relative amount of formamidase I. A model of the evolutionary origin of the two forms is presented, and the significance of these results to this model is discussed.This work was supported by USPHS Grant GM-21286.     

Distribution and status of bustards in China

This article presents the distribution and status of bustards, which are listed as first-category protected animals according to the survey results during 1990–2002 in China. The Chinese populations of Otis tarda dybowskii are breeding in south-west of Heilongjiang Province, western Jilin Province, east and middle Inner Mongolia, north Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu Province. A few can winter in the south breeding-range. Its winter-range lies from the south to the Yellow River, as far as to Guizhou Province and Jiangxi Province. Its population number is about 200–300 or 500–800. The Chinese populations of O. t. tarda are breeding in the north and west of Xinjiang. It is unclear about its winter-range, which is presumed to be in south Asia. Recently we found individuals wintering in Chabuchaer and west Xinjiang. The population number is about 2000–3000. The habitat in breeding range includes steppe, grassland, desert grassland, and farmland. The habitat in winter range is the beach of rivers and lakes, meadows, meadow-grassland, and wheatland. The Chinese populations of Chlamydotis undulata macqueeni are breeding in the fringe of the Jungar Basin, the banks of the Ulungur River, Balikun and south Turpan Basin in Xinjiang, west Inner Mongolia, and west Gansu. NortheastMulei in eastern Jungar Basin of Xinjiang is the main breeding-range in the world. The bird uses desert and desert grassland as its habitat. Its winter-range is west Asia and south Asia. Its population number is about 2000. The Chinese populations of Tetrax tetrax are breeding in north Xinjiang, and China is located on the east border of its breeding-range. Its habitat is grassland and semi-desert, and its winter-range lies in south Asia. Its population in China is very scarce. In addition, we analyzed the causes of their endangerment and put forward protection tactics of Chinese Bustards. __________ Translated from Arid Zone Research, 2007, 24(2): 179–186 [译自: 干旱区研究]     

Dominant diatoms in Tjeukemeer

Diatoma elongatum has been observed in Tjeukemeer (The Netherlands) from time to time. Its intermittent presence is probably a consequence of the local hydrology. In early 1972, besides the usual increase of Melosira spp. and of unicellular centric diatoms, a development of D. elongatum took place. Its maximum was found 5-6 weeks later than those of the centric diatoms. Possible factors causing the decrease in number of cells are discussed.     

Artabotrys manoranjanii sp. nov. (Annonaceae) from the Andaman Islands,India

Artabotrys manoranjanii M. V. Ramana, J. Swamy & K. C. Mohan (Annonaceae), a new species from the foot hills of Saddle Peak National Park, north Andaman Islands, is described and illustrated. Its fleshy petals and prominent stigmas, distinguish it from all previously known species. Its affinity with A. parkinsonii Chatterjee, a Myanmar species, and A. grandiflorus King, a species from Malayan peninsula, is deliberated.     

A new species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Dalmatia,Croatia

Allium croaticum , a new species from the island of Vis in Central Dalmatia (Croatia) is described and illustrated. Its relationships with allied species belonging to the A. stamineum group (Allium section Codonoprasum) are discussed. It is a diploid species (2n = 16), colonizing calcareous screes and flowering in early summer. Its morphology, leaf anatomy, karyology, palynology, ecology and taxonomic position are examined. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 106–114.     

A new nematode-destroying Harposporium

A mucedinaceous parasite, observed destroying eelworms in a maize-meal-agar plate culture prepared by the addition of some forest duff from western Maryland, is newly described as Harposporium cycloides. Its conidia differ from the crescentic or semicircular conidia of the familiar H. anguillulae in that their curvature extends to an angular magnitude of approximately a full circle. Its chlamydospores, though sometimes found united in pairs, are much more often produced singly than are the chlamydospores of H. anguillulae.     

A reappraisal of Athoracophorus bitentaculatus,with comments on the validity of genus Reflectopallium (Gastropoda: Athoracophoridae)

Abstract

The slug Athoracophorus bitentaculatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) is redescribed from material collected in the northern third of the North Island of New Zealand. Its anatomy is described and figured, local variation in the condition of the lateral grooves and mantle is figured, and supplementary information on its biology and distribution is given. Its identity and taxonomy are discussed in the context of earlier work on the species. Evidence is presented for the reduction of Reflectopallium Burton, 1963 to synonymy with Athoracophorus Gould, 1852. A revised key to New Zealand and subantarctic genera of Athoracophoridae is given.     

An IS4-encoded protein is synthesized in minicells

Summary A protein of M_r 47,000 is synthesized in Escherichia coli minicells, when these harbor a multicopy plasmid carrying IS4 in either orientation and between different flanking sequences. The protein corresponds to the sequence predicted from the known DNA sequence of IS4, as shown by partial N-terminal radiolabel protein sequence analysis. Its apparent molecular weight, however, as determined from its electrophoretic mobility in SDS polyacrylamide gels, is smaller than predicted. When compared with other plasmid-encoded proteins, the IS4-encoded protein is synthesized in minicells in small amounts. Its synthesis has not been detected in a DNA-dependent cell-free system.     

744. STAUNTONIA ANGUSTIFOLIA

Stauntonia angustifolia (Wall.) Wall. ex Christenh., formerly Holboellia angustifolia Wall. is described and illustrated. Its recent history in cultivation in Cambridge is discussed.     

A new Cryptococcus species

Summary A newCryptococcus species,Cryptococcus gastricus, is described. Its relationship to the genusLipomyces is discussed.     

Toxicity of the fungal metabolite griseofulvin toHelicoverpa zea andSpodoptera frugiperda

Griseofulvin is a fungal metabolite that can be considered a mycotoxin but is used pharmaceutically to treat topical fungal infections. It was found to be toxic to both the corn earworm.Helicoverpa zea Boddie, and the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), at 250 ppm in diets. Its toxicity was enhanced by exposure to ultraviolet light, suggesting it can be photoactivated. Its toxicity was also enhanced by coincorporated δ-amino levulinic acid, suggesting it interferes with porphyrin synthesis in these insects. Differences in toxicity and rates of metabolism caused by coincorporated piperonyl butoxide suggested unspecific monooxygenases were relatively more important in griseofulvin activation inH. zea and detoxification inS. frugiperda.