A new generic name for the New Zealand species previously assigned to Simaethis auctorum (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae), with description of a new species

Abstract

The 20 described species of diurnal moths previously in Simaethis auct. (not Leach, 1815) in New Zealand are transferred to Asterivora n.gen. The genus is described and distinguished from other genera in Choreutidae; genitalia of the type-species are figured. Asterivora oleariae, a new species associated with Olearia lyalli Hook.f. (Asteraceae: Compositae) from The Snares and Stewart Island, is described.     

Taxonomic revision of the genus Stauropoctonus Brauns, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) in Japan

The Japanese species of the ichneumonid genus Stauropoctonus Brauns, 1889 are revised. As a result, three species are recognized. Stauropoctonus infuscus (Uchida, 1928 ) stat. rev. , previously synonymized with S. bombycivorus (Gravenhorst, 1829 ), is recognized as a valid species and re‐described. Stauropoctonus bombycivorus, which has already been recorded in Japan, is also recognized and re‐described based on Japanese specimens. Stauropoctonus aurantiacus sp. nov. is described based on a single male specimen from Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Stauropoctonus nigrithorax Lee & Kim, 2002 syn. nov. is newly synonymized with S. bombycivorus. Additionally, a key to the Stauropoctonus species and discussions on their phenology and collection methods are provided.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptocorticium</Emphasis> (Corticiaceae s.l., Basidiomycota): New species and combinations

The genus Leptocorticium is redescribed, and a key to the species is provided. A new taxon, Leptocorticium tenellum, is described, and two new combinations, L. sasae and L. utribasidiatum, are proposed. Dentocorticium nephrolepidis is determined to be conspecific with L. cyatheae. All four species are described and illustrated.     

Observations on chytridiaceous parasites of phanerogams

Host symptoms and morphology of the endo-and epibiotic stages of a Physoderma on Phalaris arundinacea L. are described. It is considered identical with a Physoderma on Agropyron repens earlier described. Both are referred to Physoderma gerhardti Schroeter found in 1883 by Gerhardt from near Liegnitz, Schlesien.     

Rhagodiinae: A new subtribe in the Chenopodiaceae

A new subtribe, Rhagodiinae, is described in the tribe Chenopodieae of the Chenopodiaceae. Three genera are included in this new subtribe: Rhagodia with 8 species, Einadia with 3 species, and Holmbergia with a single species. All the species are fully described and keys to the genera and species are given. Four new combinations are proposed: Rhagodia deltophylla, Einadia nutans, Einadia hastata and Einadia triandra.     

Notes on african opalinids (Protozoa,Opalinata). I Zelleriella spp

Summary The features by which the body-form of a species of Zelleriella may be described are defined and compared with those of Opalina and Protoopalina. Z. africana Sandon: The two forms previously included under this name are re-examined, some developmental stages are described and the relationships between the two forms discussed. The following new species are described: Z. angusticeps from Bufo angusticeps Smith from Cape Town; two species from Nile fish, namely, Z. distichodi from Distichodus rostratus Gunther (Citharinidae) and Z. synodontis from Synodontis clarias (Linnaeus) (Siluridae). Two types of cyst are described, one small, usually mononucleate, and relatively thick-walled, the other much bigger, binucleate, thin-walled and ciliated. In Z. angusticeps separation of the two halves in cytokinesis begins at the posterior end of the body, the falx being the last part to divide. Such division is contrasted with the kind of interkinetal fission found in other opalinids and with the longitudinal fission of flagellates. The evidence that there are two types of longitudinal fission among the Zelleriellas is discussed. Life-cycles, geographical distribution and host relationships are also discussed. ac]19790807     

Three new genera of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from New Zealand

Abstract

Three new genera—Austroclima, Mauiulus, and Cryophlebia—are established for species of Leptophlebiidae from New Zealand. The following new combinations are included: Austroclima sepia (Phillips) and Cryophlebia aucklandensis (Peters). Atalophlebioides sepia is redescribed as Austroclima sepia and a neotype is designated. Two new species, Austroclima jollyae and Mauiulus luma, are described. All life stages are described, and the relationships of each genus are discussed. Keys are given to male and female imagos, subimagos, and nymphs of each species, and to all New Zealand genera with species previously placed in Atalophlebioides.     

PALEOZOIC LYCOPSID FRUCTIFICATIONS. I. LEPIDOCARPON PETRIFACTIONS

A reinvestigation of the 4 American species of Lepidocarpon described from petrifactions and of Illiniocarpon cadyi, also described from petrifactions, shows that they are all conspecific. When they, in turn, are compared with specimens of the British petrifaction L. lomaxi, no significant differences can be demonstrated. The criteria cited as diagnostic for the American petrifaction species of Lepidocarpon were found to fail as bases of discrimination when 400 specimens of Lepidocarpon found in coal balls of Pennsylvanian age were studied. Measurements and observations made of a sample size of 136 of these 400 specimens reveal a degree of variation compatible with that of a single species. All previously described American and British petrifaction taxa fall within (or not significantly beyond) this range of variability of a single species as determined from this sample. Additional evidence concerning the 3-dimensional sporophyll structure of this one species of Lepidocarpon and the configurations obtained by certain planes of section through it have served to demonstrate that Illiniocarpon cadyi is in reality a taxon based on sectioned structures of the sporophyll of this Lepidocarpon species. Under the rules of priority, this species of Lepidocarpon and the following are assigned to Lepidocarpon lomaxi: Illiniocarpon cadyi, Lepidocarpon ioense, L. magnificum (megasporangiate form), L. crenatum and L. palmerensis. On the basis of the morphological evidence, the British petrifaction described as Lepidocarpon wildianum is also equated with L. lomaxi.     

Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (5): three species of Tetraploa

Three species of Tetraploa collected from Sasa, or bamboos, are described and illustrated. Among them, T. curviappendiculata on Sasa kurilensis and T. longissima on Pleioblastus chino are compared with hitherto known species and described as new species. In the nomenclature, T. javanica is substituted for T. biformis, formerly reported from the dead bark of a broad-leaved tree in Japan, as a correct name.     

Two New Lacconectus Species from Vietnam (Coleoptera; Dytiscidae)

Two new species of Lacconectus Motschulsky are described from Vietnam, Lacconectus valeriae sp. n. and L. baolocensis sp. n., and a key is given for the species described from and occurring in that country. Together with the two new species, seven species are now known from Vietnam, and the number of Lacconectus species rises to 60.     

Development and Applications of Five New Water Quality Indices

Two indices, P₁ and I, employing ranked data and following the beta distribution, are described. These indices, which are true statistical measures of water quality, can be used with any set of parameters. Further, these indices correlate highly with biological and subjective-engineering assessments of water quality. Three indices, employing raw data and based on the chi-square distribution, are described. Two of these, B₁ and B₂, do not have sufficient discrimination to serve as general measures of water quality, although they have use in specific circumstances. The index C has been found to be a measure of excessive variability (at a station), and can be used to quantitatively compare the (data) variability among stations. The five indices described here are evaluated against a set of operational criteria which a mathematically sound index should meet.     

Density dependent and density independent relationships during a twenty-seven year study of the population dynamics of the benthic macroinvertebrate community of a chemically unstable lake

Data are given on net precipitation, water chemistry, vegetation cover and the population dynamics of 20 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates from the total of 40 recorded ln the lake. The relationships between data sets were investigated by bivariate analysis. The relationships between abiotic factors are best described by linear equations as are some relationships between Sigara concinna, Sigara dorsalis, Potamopyrgus jenkinsi and environmental factors. The relationships of numbers of Gammarus tigrinus with temperature, Sigara stagnalis with conductivity, Corixidae with time and Sigara lateralis, Theromyzon tessulatum and Piscicola geometra with vegetation cover are best described by exponential equations. The relationships between the population dynamics of pairs of certain taxa viz. Gammarus tigrinus and G. duebeni, G. tigrinus and Asellus aquaticus, G. tigrinus and Corixidae, Sigara dorsalis and S. concinna, are best described by power equations. The relationship of vegetation cover with time and the population dynamics of many taxa are best described by logarithmic logistic equations.Both density dependent and density independent relationships appear to be responsible for changes in numbers and taxa within the total community. Density independent relationships are most important at times of environmental change while density dependent relationships, though operating continuously, are most important when conditions are stable.     

Studies on the synnematous fungi imperfecti. I

Summary Pseudographiella with the type species,P. variaseptata, andPhragmographium with the type species,P. ulmi, are described as new synnematous taxa. Both of these new species produce phragmospores. In addition, a new species ofDendrostilbella, D. bonari, is described as new.     

New stoneflies (Insecta: Perlida = Plecoptera) from the late Mesozoic locality Khasurty,Transbaikalia

From the Lower Cretaceous locality Khasurty, western Transbaikalia, a new genus and species, Rasnitsyrina culonga, gen. et sp. nov. are described in the family Perlariopseidae. R. desiliens (Sinitshenkova, 1987), originally described in the genus Karanemoura Sinitshenkova, 1987, is transferred to the new genus. Two new species belonging to recent families are described: Dimoula khasurtensis sp. nov. (Nemouridae) and Jurataenionema rohdendorfi sp. nov. (Taeniopterygidae). All new species are described from fossils of adults.     

A review of the genus Tagalina Dohrn (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae)

Tagalina semperi Dohrn and T. papua (Bormans) are shown to be distinct species. T.burri Hincks is synonymised with T. erythronota Gunther, and a lectotype is designated for the latter species. The specimens misidentified by Hincks as T. erythronota are described as hincksi sp.n., and curta sp.n. is described from central New Guinea. A key to the nine species of the genus is given, together with a short systematic list and notes on the distributions and type localities.     

Heterakis fieldingi n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) from the Australian water-rat, with a review of heterakids occurring in mammals

Heterakis fieldingi n. sp. is described from Hydromys chrysogaster. It can be distinguished from Heterakis spumosa, the species it most closely resembles, in that both males and females are much smaller (4.4 and 5.1 mm, versus 9 and 13 mm, respectively for Australian specimens) and males have shorter tails (178 versus 345 m) with 9 pairs of caudal papillae compared with 10 pairs for H. spumosa. Of the species of Heterakis previously described from mammals three, H. spalacis, H. macrospiculum and H. verrucosa, are presently considered incertae sedis, a fourth has been referred to the genus Gireterakis and a fifth, H. pandei, described almost simultaneously with H. yamaguti, is considered to be synonymous with it. The remaining species are H. spumosa, H. inglisi and H. yamaguti. The presence of these four species in mammalian hosts, when all other representatives of the genus occur in grain-eating birds, cannot be explained at present.     

STUDIES IN SOME FOLIOSE RED ALGAE OF THE PACIFIC COAST. I. CRYPTONEMIACEXE1

Pacific coast species of the red algae Halymenia and Cryptonemia are described Of the 8 previously reported species of Halymenia 3 (H. abyssicola Dawson, H. megaspore Dawson, H refugiensis Dawson) hive been placed in synonymy with other species. Halymenia hollenbergii from southern California is described as new; H cocinea is transferred from Schizymenia (and includes Aeodes gardneri Kylin) and H. templetonii is a transfer from Weeksia. Five species of Cryptonemia are described; one of them, C. taylorii from the Revillagigedo Archipelago, as new. Wider distribution ranges are given for the remaining species, C. ovalifolia, C. obovata, C. bore alis and C. angustata. Keys to genera of the west coast Cryptonemiaceae and to the species of Halymenia and Crypronemia are provided.     

New species of Oukuriella (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Costa Rica

The males of three new species of Oukuriella Epler are described from Costa Rica. The genus had been previously recorded only from South America. Oukuriella annamae sp. nov. has genitalia similar to O. albistyla Epler, but differs in having transverse bands on abdominal segments In, IV, VI and VII, a lower AR, no humeral setae and fewer dorsocentral setae. Oukuriella costaricense sp. nov. differs from other described species in the genus by its brown abdomen, unnotched posterior margin of tergite IX and distinctive superior volsella, with its sharply bent, thin upper arm directed medially, and digitus small and directed caudad. Oukuriella rushi sp. nov. has apices of femora tipped with brown, a brown abdomen and distinctive superior volsella, with upper arm shorter and broader, and digitus longer then O. costaricense. The female of Oukuriella costaricense is also described. This is the first female described for the genus. Based on male and female genitalia, Oukuriella is closely related to Epedilum Townes and Zavreliella Kieffer. A key is provided to separate the males of the six described species.     

毛茛科五新种

描述了毛茛科五新种:(1)托里乌头,与阿尔泰乌头近缘,区别为其茎和叶无毛,总状花序极密集,雄蕊花丝多有1或2小齿。(2)门源翠雀花,与大通翠雀花近缘,区别为其茎极短,花序总状,退化雄蕊瓣片不分裂。(3)云台山铁线莲,与裂叶铁线莲近缘,区别为其叶为二回羽状复叶,花较小,雄蕊花丝呈黑色,无脉。(4)黑丝铁线莲,与前种云台铁线莲在亲缘关系上极为相近,区别为其小叶较小,多呈狭卵形或披针形,聚伞花序也较小,通常只具3花。(5)五台山毛茛,与砾地毛茛相似,区别为其基生叶被柔毛,花瓣蜜槽具鳞片,心皮具短而粗的花柱和小柱头。