食用花卉氨基酸营养

通过分析１０多种常见食用花卉的氯基酸含量,发现食用花卉是一类富氨基酸营养且有利于人体氨基酸营养平衡的天然绿色食品,值得人类去开发利用。     

珠子参地上部分氨基酸测定及营养评价

对珠子参茎、叶、花的氨基酸组成与含量进行测定和营养评价分析。结果表明,珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有17种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量分别为3.73%,14.80%和8.72%;珠子参的茎中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(E/T)为0.39,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N)为0.64,叶中E/T为0.41,E/N为0.71,花中E/T为0.39,E/N为0.63,氨基酸配比较为合理;珠子参茎、叶、花中蛋氨酸+胱氨酸均为第一限制氨基酸;珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有γ-氨基丁酸,含量分别为0.12%,0.26%和0.16%,叶片中γ-氨基丁酸的含量最高。     

珠子参地上部分氨基酸测定及营养评价

对珠子参茎、叶、花的氨基酸组成与含量进行测定和营养评价分析.结果表明,珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有17种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量分别为3.73％,14.80％和8.72％;珠子参的茎中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(E/T)为0.39,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N)为0.64,叶中E/T为0.41,E/N为o.71,花中E/T为0.39,E/N为0.63,氨基酸配比较为合理;珠子参茎、叶、花中蛋氨酸+胱氨酸均为第一限制氨基酸;珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有γ-氨基丁酸,含量分别为0.12％,0.26％和0.16％,叶片中γ-氨基丁酸的含量最高.     

野苋菜的氨基酸含量与营养评价

野苋菜含有１８种氨基酸,其中有营养必需的８种氨基酸。含硫氨基酸ＡＡＳ＝０．５１,为第一限制氨基酸。Ｅ／Ｅ＋Ｎ＝４１．６％,Ｅ／Ｎ＝０．７１,接近ＷＨＯ／ＦＡＯ提出的参考蛋白模式。     

氨基酸营养当量和整齐性指数

化学法以蛋白质的氨基酸组成评价蛋白质营养价值。在分析化学法的一般思想和方法的基础上,本文引进氨基酸营养当量和营养当量数的概念,并提出一个称为“整齐性指数”的新化学指数。使化学评价蛋白质营养价值的方法理论化,并使化学指数在反映蛋白质营养价值上更加精确可靠;本文同时还揭示了化学法中常用的化学分指标能较理想反映蛋白质营养价值的内在原因,通过实例分析,本文还证实了蛋白质的氨基酸组成对蛋白质的消化率存在影响的作用。     

中国野生食用真菌种类及生态习性

我国野生食用真菌种类多,分布广泛,资源丰富。已知657种,132属,41科。其中担子菌620种,占总数的94.4%,子囊菌37种,占5.6%。有过栽培记载和试验或利用菌丝体发酵培养的约80种,32属,18科。目前大量人工栽培的约22种。上述食用真菌按其种数多少主要包括在白蘑科Tricholomataceac,红菇科Russulaceae,牛肝菌科Boletaceae,蘑菇科Agaricaceae,侧耳科Pleurotaceae,珊瑚菌科Clavariaceae,丝膜菌科Cortinariaceae,球盖菇科Strophariaceae,蜡伞科Hygrophoraceae,羊肚菌科Morchellaceae,喇叭菌科Cantharellaceae,齿菌科Hydnaceae,多孔菌科Polyporaceae。依繁殖生长的基物为主,将我国野生食用真菌的生态习性划分为五类。木生菌138种,粪生菌9种,土生菌128种,虫生菌12种,菌根真菌352种。     

Amino acid determination in some edible Mexican insects

Summary The amino acid contents of edible insects from different provinces of Mexico and reference proteins were analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The insect amino acid contents were higher than the adult requirements indicated by the WHO/FAO pattern.     

植物口服疫苗的动物和临床实验*

利用转基因植物生产亚单位疫苗用于口服主动免疫具有安全、廉价和方便等优点。植物可以正确地表达细菌和病毒抗原基因,对动物及人类的临床实验研究表明：食用表达某种抗原的转基因植物可在实验动物或人群体内激起系统免疫和粘膜免疫,产生相应的特异性抗体,这些结果表明了植物口服疫苗的可行性。此外,在治疗自身免疫疾病以及癌症等方面,植物口服疫苗也具有值得关注的作用。     

长白落叶松氮素营养及与生长的关系

不同季节测定了不同种源长白落叶松针叶中硝酸还原酶（NR）活力,氮素营养和氨基酸（AA）含量,分析了它们与生长的关系。结果表明,长白落叶松所含氮素营养以NH4－N为主,NO3－N和NO2－N含量很少。不同种源长白落叶松针叶中NH4－N和T－N（NH4－N＋N03－N＋NO2－N）含量与其NR活力呈极显著正相关。生长季初,长白落叶松针叶中氮素营养含量低,与生长呈正相关;生长季中后期,针叶中氮素营养含量高,与生长无相关性。不同种源长白落叶松针叶中AA含量的季节变化与氮素营养相似,但与生长无相关性。生长季初针叶中NR活力与不同种源长白落叶松生长呈显著正相关。初步研究表明,生长李初针叶中NR活力,NH4－N和T－N含量可作为生理生化指标用于长白落叶松种源早期选择。     

ALLOCATION TO ATTRACTIVE STRUCTURES IN ANIMAL-POLLINATED FLOWERS

An optimal allocation model was developed for the evolutionarily stable size of attractive structures of flowers (ESA) in animal-pollinated plants. It was assumed that a plant can change the sizes of attractive and sexual structures of a flower and the size and the number of flowers. In the absence of constraints on flower size, the ESA should not depend on the frequency of self-fertilization or the sexuality of plants. However, with constraints on flower size, the ESA decreases with increasing self-fertilization, except in special cases, and it is possible that males have a larger or a smaller ESA than females. Thus, differences in self-fertilization and sexuality alone cannot explain the differences in allocation among nondomesticated plants. In addition, attractive structures can contribute more to male or female function depending on the cost of gamete production, pollination efficiency for pollen and ovules, and pollinator availability.     

食用昆虫蛋白质的提取研究

本研究以家蝇(Musca domestica vicina Maquart)幼虫为材料,采取单一选择试验和正交区组旋转组合设计相结合的方法,筛选出盐提—酸沉淀法作为提取昆虫蛋白质的一种较理想的方法。据实验,此法的提取效率为65.37±0.17%。在单一条件实验的基础上,对蛆浆盐提蛋白过程中的抽提、沉淀分别作4因素和2因素二次正交旋转组合设计,建立4个数学模型,总回归F值均达极显著水平,同时进行了效应分析,通过计算机仿真,获得了盐提—酸沉淀蛋白高产、高效方案。     

真菌菌丝体和发酵液的氨基酸分析比较

<正> 对云芝等7种真菌的菌丝体和发酵液分别测定17种氨基酸的含量,测定结果表明这些菌丝体中含有丰富的人体8种必需氨基酸,支链氨基酸及精氨酸,而芳香族氨基酸和含硫氨基酸却很低。7种真菌的菌丝体和它们的子实体,和三种食用蛋白(α-酪蛋白,卵白蛋白,大豆球蛋白)及4种粮食产品     

Optimizing the protein nutrition of growing-finishing pigs

Growing-finishing pigs should consume each day the minimum amounts of energy and amino acids needed for maximum lean deposition. This should optimize performance traits, carcass leanness, and N excretion. These ideal conditions are difficult to achieve under experimental or farm conditions due to the factors affecting amino acid requirements and feed intake on a daily basis. Lean deposition rate and sex are two of the major factors affecting amino acid needs. If possible, maximum lean deposition rates should be determined for each herd in order to customize feeding programs, and split-sex feeding will improve N utilization.

Amino acid requirements have been determined empirically and by the factorial method. The latter is preferred if the efficiency of use of absorbed amino acids can be accurately determined. Development of computer models will likely be needed to accomplish this. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids is the most practical means of estimating amino acid absorption at present, although it likely overestimates amino acid availability for some amino acids.

Crystalline amino acids can be used to improve amino acid balance and reduce excessive intake of protein which should improve feed efficiency. A portion of the high-quality protein feeds in pig diets can be replaced by synthetic amino acids without sacrificing performance, but the effects of these substitutions on carcass merit is uncertain.

Excretion of N, and the concomitant reduction of N in manure that has to be disposed of, can be manipulated nutritionally by increased use of crystalline amino acids to lower dietary protein, by use of highly digestible feedstuffs and by precise matching of amino acid needs to amino acid supply. Use of these factors could lead to a reduction in total N wastes of 20–30%.     

被子植物的花化石研究

五十多年前胡骕在研究山东临朐县山旺组的植物化石中,发现有花的化石,仅保存了5个花瓣或仅5个萼片,均难给予确切的分类位置;六十年代我们两次去山旺野外工作,发现为数较多,同样仅保存花瓣或萼片的化石。本文研究的是80年代发现并保存较为完好的花化石。新近李凤麟详细论述了各门类化石,均认为山旺组的地质时代属中中新世。近十余年来,国际上被子植物的花化石的研究进展较快。每次花化石的发现,对研究被子植物种系发生、系统位置及在地史中的演化及演变速率等均是极重要     

Effects of a new amino acid supplement on blood AA pools in patients with chronic renal failure

Summary We designed a new formula for AA supplement in order to correct blood pools of AA in chronic renal failure (CRF). This supplement was given to 5 patients with CRF and its effectiveness was tested during long term (12–24 weeks) administration. The patients had previously been on a diet providing 0.6 g of protein and 34–36 kcal/kg/day. The diet was then modified to one providing the same caloric content but only 0.3 g/kg high biological value protein per day with the addition of the AA supplement (0.3 g/kg). The new diet corrected most of the abnormalities in blood AA pools. After 1 month of treatment Val, Leu, Thr, Ser and Tyr levels rose and became normal throughout the study. Ratios Tyr/Phe, Ser/Gly and Val/Gly also improved. During the treatment no side effect or toxicity was observed, and serum albumin, transferrin and nutritional anthropometric parameters persisted to be normal. It is concluded that this specially designed AA supplement added to a hypoproteic diet is an acceptable regimen which can quite completely correct the imbalance in blood AA pools in CRF.