中国产石韦属植物孢子形态特征及分类学意义

利用光镜和扫描电镜,对石韦属(Pyrrosia)19种植物的孢子纹饰进行了研究。结果表明:19种石韦属孢子都为黄色,形态均为肾形,两侧对称,单裂缝,说明该属植物是一个自然类群。表面纹饰类型有3种,即瘤状、瘤状—疣状和瘤状—网脊状。孢子表面纹饰特征性状稳定,在种间存在较大差异。该研究结果可以为形态近似种的分类提供参考依据,同时也为石韦属属下分类系统的建立提供了重要证据。     

石韦孢子叶片组织化学定位

利用冰冻切片法和徒手切片对石韦(Pyrrosia lingua)新鲜叶片中的葸琨类化合物、皂苷类化合物及多糖进行组织化学定位研究.结果表明:葸琨类化合物主要积累在叶片的栅栏组织中;表皮毛、海绵组织和韧皮部也有葸琨类化合物,木质部和表皮无明显显色反应.皂苷类化合物也主要积累在叶片的栅栏组织中;表皮毛、海绵组织、薄壁组织和韧皮部中也有少量皂苷类化合物,木质部无明显显色反应.厚角组织中蒽琨类物质含量比皂苷类物质含量高;多糖普遍存在于石韦叶肉中,维管束、薄壁组织和表皮有少量分布.     

广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅱ.铁角蕨属

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产9种铁角蕨属植物即拟狭翅铁角蕨、黑柄铁角蕨、剑叶铁角蕨、长生铁角蕨、岭南铁角蕨、石生铁角蕨、阴湿铁角蕨、半边铁角蕨和细裂铁角蕨植物的孢子形态进行了观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了详细描述,其中5种铁角蕨属植物孢子的表面纹饰为首次报道。结果如下:9种铁角蕨属植物孢子都为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形或近圆形,赤道面观为肾形、椭圆形或近圆形。主要纹饰类型有翅脊状纹饰、翅状纹饰和脊状纹饰类型。讨论了各种间的差异。为铁角蕨属的分类和系统演化研究提供孢粉学的资料。     

山东蛾眉蕨属植物孢子形态的研究

本文在经典分类的基础上,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对山东分布的蛾眉蕨属3种植物(其中山东蛾眉蕨Lunathyium shandong-ense J.X.Li et F.Z.Li为1新种)的孢子形态进行了系统的观察,结果表明,其孢子形态、周壁纹饰,在种间有着显著的差异,故为本属植物的种间分类提供了孢子形态的依据,本文还讨论了蛾眉蕨属与其亲缘属间的分类问题。     

三种石杉属植物孢子形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对采自湖北省利川市的蛇足石杉Huperzia serrata（Thunb.ex Murray）Trev.、皱边石杉H.crispate（Ching ex H.S.Kung）Ching和四川石杉H.sutchueniana（Herter）Ching3种植物孢子的大小、形态及表面纹饰等方面进行观察测量,并对每个种孢子形态特征进行了描述。结果表明,3种石杉属植物孢子均为四面体型、三裂缝、辐射对称,表面纹饰均呈穴状。不同种在孢子大小、裂缝长度、孔穴深浅程度以及辐射间区凹陷程度上存在差异。因孢子形态是稳定的,可作为种间划分的重要依据,同时,也为蕨类植物孢子形态学的研究提供参考。     

云南复叶耳蕨属植物孢子形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对30种复叶耳蕨孢子形态进行了观察,结果显示:(1)复叶耳蕨孢子两侧对称,单裂缝,裂缝长度为赤道轴的1/2～3/4,极面观为卵圆形或椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形或近圆形,大小为(25.45～43.43)μm×(18.09～31.92)μm。(2)复叶耳蕨孢子主要纹饰有:片状、刺状、瘤块状、翅状、脊状、耳状及粗糙7种类型。(3)根据孢子形态特征,对长期存在分类争议的种进行了探讨,并列出基于孢子形态的检索表。结果支持:将灰脉复叶耳蕨处理为西南复叶耳蕨的异名;大姚复叶耳蕨处理为日本复叶耳蕨的异名;镰形复叶耳蕨作为南川复叶耳蕨的异名;钝羽复叶耳蕨和浅裂复叶耳蕨孢子纹饰一致,因此其亲缘关系较近。     

北京水龙骨科孢子形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对北京产水龙骨科2属4种孢子进行了详细观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了描述。讨论了各属、种间的差异,为水龙骨科系统分类及孢粉学研究提供资料。     

北京水龙骨科孢子形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对北京产水龙骨科２属４种孢子进行了详细观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了描述。讨论了各属、种间的差异,为水龙骨科系统分类及孢粉学研究提供资料。     

山东假蹄盖蕨属植物孢子形态研究

本文采用了光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对山东分布的4种假蹄盖蕨(其中鲁山假蹄盖蕨Athyriopsis lushanensis J.X.Li,sp.nov.和山东假蹄盖蕨A.sh-andongensi,J.X.Li et Z.C.Ding,sp.nov.为新种[1],中日假蹄盖蕨A.kiusianum(Koidz.)Ching为我国新记录)孢子形态进行了系统的观察,其孢子周壁纹饰在种间有着显著的差异,为其种间分类提供了孢粉学的依据。     

六种沉香属植物叶片解剖结构研究

为比较沉香属不同种植物间的叶片形态解剖特征,将不同来源的六种沉香属植物在海南省兴隆南药园种植,运用石蜡切片法和撕片法对其成熟叶片的解剖特征进行观察,并对叶片的上下表皮,叶脉和叶横切面等12项数量性状进行统计分析。结果表明:六种沉香属植物叶片解剖结构基本一致,均为典型的异面叶,由表皮、叶肉和叶脉组成,表现出典型的旱生形态特点。表皮细胞单层,气孔微下陷,仅分布在下表皮,上下表皮上零星分布着表皮毛。叶肉组织发达,栅栏组织由1~2层排列紧密地圆柱状细胞组成,其间分布着大量的长方晶体,海绵组织内有一层排列较整齐,染色较深的异细胞组成的下皮层。主脉维管束双韧型,呈圆环状,内含大量异细胞。方差分析表明,除栅海比外,叶片厚度、叶脉条数、主脉厚度等其余11项数量指标在六种植物间差异均达到显著水平。聚类分析将这六种植物聚成3类,Aquilaria sinensis(白木香),A.crassna和A.banaensis聚为一类,A.baillonii和A.malaccensis聚为一类;A.yunnanensis(云南沉香)单独为一类。该研究结果为沉香属植物的物种鉴定提供了解剖学依据,同时对沉香属植物合理开发利用具有重要意义。     

Fine structure of resting spore formation and germination in Entomophthora virulenta

The fine structure during the formation and germination of resting spores of Entomophthora virulenta is described. There were many microbodies in contact with oil droplets, and the microbodies appeared to participate in spore germination. The mature resting spore had an epispore layer with two regions and an endospore layer with five regions. Dictyosomes, numerous vesicles, and lomasomes were produced during the formation of the endospore layer. Prior to spore germination, the single large oil droplet separated into numerous small oil droplets, and the new cell wall was formed beneath the endospore layer which gradually disintegrated possibly by enzymatic actions. The germ tube perforated the epispore layer mainly by mechanical pressure.     

安徽石韦属(水龙骨科)一新种

报道了安徽黄山石韦属一新种,即黄山石韦。其与相近种相似石韦的区别主要表现在叶近生,相距1~2mm;能育叶先端不整齐1~2(或更多)回二歧分叉。     

实验室培养条件下绒泡菌科四种黏菌个体发育比较研究

本文应用悬滴培养、燕麦-琼脂培养等方法及显微成像技术对绒泡菌科Physaraceae 4种黏菌（黄头绒泡菌Physarum flavicomum、淡黄绒泡菌Physarum melleum、垂头绒泡菌Physarum album、针箍菌Physarella oblonga）的个体发育特征进行比较研究,首次实现了垂头绒泡菌在实验室条件下的完整生活循环。4种黏菌孢子萌发均为V-型开裂,但萌发时间有所不同,黄头绒泡菌萌发所需时间最短,仅需5h,而针箍菌萌发所需时间最长,需要2d;针箍菌和淡黄绒泡菌形成的黏变形体均可转变为游动胞,而相同条件下黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌并未有游动胞形成;4种黏菌原生质团的生长速率不同,在光照刺激下针箍菌、淡黄绒泡菌、黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌的原生质团分别经过2-3d、2-3d、7d和13d,发育成子实体;完成孢子到孢子的整个生活史,针箍菌和淡黄绒泡菌需要25-30d,黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌需要40-45d。     

A comparative study of cannibalism and predation in seven species of flour beetle

Abstract 1. The present study quantified egg and pupal cannibalism, and interspecific predation on eggs and pupae, by larvae and adults of seven species of flour beetle (Tribolium spp.) under laboratory conditions: T. anaphe, T. brevicornis, T. castaneum, T. confusum, T. destructor, T. freemani, and T. madens. 2. Variation among species in cannibalism and predation propensities did not reflect taxonomic affinities within the genus, indicating that these behaviours were shaped by ecology at species level. 3. Within species, larvae and adults displayed different propensities for cannibalism and predation, leading to the conclusion that these behaviours evolve independently in the two life stages. 4. All species behaved as intraguild predators to some degree, especially in the adult stage. 5. Three general patterns of cannibalism and predation were described by principal component mapping and cluster analysis. 6. The first group comprised three cosmopolitan pest species that were more voracious as adults than as larvae: T. castaneum, T. confusum, and T. destructor. It is proposed that stored product environments select for high adult voracity because the costs associated with emigration from such rare, but resource‐rich, habitats intensifies interference competition among adults. 7. The second group consisted of species that inhabit natural environments and that were more voracious as larvae: T. anaphe, T. freemani, and T. madens. Habitats for these species are probably numerous, but generally poor in quality, a situation that intensifies larval competition, while favouring earlier adult emigration. 8. The largest species, T. brevicornis, demonstrated inconsistent voracity between life stages and was the only species with chemically defended pupae. 9. It is proposed that consumption of eggs provides primarily nutritional benefits, whereas consumption of pupae has a more important role in interference competition.     

芽胞表面展示技术研究进展

芽胞表面展示技术作为微生物表面展示技术的一种,因所表达的异源蛋白无需经过跨膜过程及芽胞的抗逆性等独特优势而备受研究者的关注。以下介绍了芽胞的生理结构和形成过程、芽胞表面展示系统构建原则及目前所构建的芽胞表面展示系统种类。芽胞表面展示技术不仅在疫苗生产中应用广泛,在生物催化和细胞工厂研究领域也具有广阔的应用前景。     

从旱生植物叶结构探讨其生态适应的多样性

以西北地区６２种旱生植物的叶器官为研究对象,通过切片显微观察、生物学统计及模糊数学分析,探讨旱生植物生态适应的多样性,获得如下结果：①旱生植物依叶肉组成和细胞排列可划分为正常型、双栅型、环栅型、全栅型、不规则型,折迭和和无叶肉型;②叶肉类型的演化是以正常型与不规则型两条路线呈树枝状发展。深化较原始的偏向于中生,演化层次较高的更具适应旱生环境的能力;③进生植物的叶肉类型与生活型具有相关性,与环境具有     

Fine structure of the developing spore of Nosema apis zander

Summary The mature spore possesses a thick spore coat and a particle-bearing spore membrane. The highly laminated polaroplast membranes are located at the anterior pole of the spore. Close to its base, the polar filament is surrounded by the polaroplast membrane. The polar filament runs spirally towards the posterior pole of the spore. A large portion of the polar filament is arranged in two layers. A similar arrangement was also observed in immature spores and in the sporoblast stage, although it was not so orderly arranged in the latter. The developing polaroplast membrane was observed in the immature spore, but not in the sporoblast. The sporoblast wall is much thinner than the spore coat, but has the same texture. Endoplasmic reticulum is the most prominent cytoplasmic organelle in the developing stages of Nosema apis. Porous nuclear envelopes are also observed in developing stages. The role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the formation of the polar filament, polaroplast and spore coat, and the function of the spore membrane, are discussed.     

广西木论国家级自然保护区植物物种多样性初步研究

广西木论国家级自然保护区位于我国滇黔桂植物区和华南植物区的交错地带，是古北极与古热带两大植物区系交接过渡的中心地带，在我国生物多样性保护区域中占据不可替代的地位。为摸清广西木论国家级自然保护区植物物种多样性，该文基于历史文献整理、野外调查、标本采集和鉴定以及数据统计分析，对该保护区维管束植物物种多样性组成及其特点进行了研究。结果表明：(1)该区共有维管束植物1 735种，包括石松类和蕨类植物218种、种子植物1 517种，具有较丰富的维管束植物多样性组成以及较复杂的植物区系成分。(2)该区共有中国特有植物486种、广西特有植物56种、岩溶特有植物262种，具有显著的植物特有性。(3)该区共有国家重点保护野生植物68种、广西重点保护野生植物153种、我国极小种群野生植物4种、受威胁植物108种、列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录植物144种，具有较高程度的植物珍稀濒危性。综上表明，该区是我国重要的岩溶植物基因库，具有极其重要的保护价值。该研究结果为自然保护区的建设和管理、植物保护和利用以及其他科研工作的开展提供了重要依据。