5种干旱指数在吉林省农业干旱评估中的适用性

干旱是对吉林省农业生产影响最大的气象灾害,干旱指数能够表征农业旱情,但不存在普遍适用的干旱指数,开展干旱指数在吉林省农业干旱评估中的适用性研究具有重要的现实意义.基于1961-2014年吉林省的逐日气象数据、土壤水分资料和历史旱情统计信息,选取典型干旱年和典型干旱区,评估了降水量距平百分率(PA)、相对湿润度指数(MI)、作物水分亏缺距平指数(CWDIa)、帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)和气象干旱综合指数(MCI)共5种干旱指数在吉林省农业干旱评估中的适用性.结果表明:对于1997和2007年两个典型旱年,MI对农业旱情的评价结果与旱情记录较一致,PA和MCI次之.对于吉林省典型旱区(西部通榆、中部梨树、东部和龙),MI和PDSI对农业旱情的评估较好.在农作物生长季,PA较适用于评价4、7和8月的旱情,MI较适用于评价4、5和9月的旱情,CWDIa只适用于评价5月的旱情,PDSI对6-9月的旱情均有一定的指示作用,MCI适用于5-8月的农业干旱过程评估.从农业干旱发生范围来看,MI、PDSI和MCI较适用于评估吉林省西部旱情,PDSI较适用于评价吉林省中部旱情,PA、PDSI和MCI较适用于评估吉林省东部旱情.     

中国遥感干旱指数时空特征及其对气候和地表覆盖变化的响应

干旱严重影响植被生长,威胁粮食安全,基于遥感计算的植被状态指数（Vegetation Condition Index,VCI）、温度状态指数（Temperature Condition Index,TCI）和植被健康指数（Vegetation Health Index,VHI）是常用的干旱指数,被广泛应用于干旱监测。为了探究近年来我国干旱特征及其对气候和地表覆盖变化的响应,分析了2003-2016年期间VCI、TCI和VHI的时空变化特征;采用最小二乘（OLS）和偏相关分析方法分析了这些指数对气候和地表覆盖变化的响应。基于上述干旱指数计算的干旱频率表明,中温带中部和南温带等地区干旱发生频率高,干旱指数变化趋势表明在2003-2016年期间中国大部分地区干旱缓解,但在中温带、南温带和高原气候区等局部地区干旱加剧;总体而言,干旱指数随着年平均温度的上升和年降水量的降低而减小,VHI与温度和降水量的相关性在不同气候区的一致性优于VCI和TCI;裸土的减少和植被的增加导致干旱指数增大,树木转变为低矮植被干旱指数降低。     

Wildfire potential evaluation during a drought event with a regional climate model and NDVI

Regional climate modeling is a technique for simulating high-resolution physical processes in the atmosphere, soil and vegetation. It can be used to evaluate wildfire potential by either providing meteorological conditions for computation of fire indices or predicting soil moisture as a direct measure of fire potential. This study examines these roles using a regional climate model (RCM) for the drought and wildfire events in 1988 in the northern United States. The National Center for Atmospheric Research regional climate model (RegCM) was used to conduct simulations of a summer month in each year from 1988 to 1995. The simulated precipitation and maximum surface air temperature were used to calculate the Keetch–Byram Drought Index (KBDI), which is a popular fire potential index. We found that the KBDI increased significantly under the simulated drought condition. The corresponding fire potential was upgraded from moderate for a normal year to high level for the drought year. High fire potential is often an indicator for occurrence of intense and extensive wildfires. Fire potential changed in the opposite direction for the 1993 flood event, indicating little possibility of severe wildfires. The soil moisture and KBDI evaluations under the drought and flood conditions are in agreement with satellite remotely sensed vegetation conditions and the actual wildfire activity. The precipitation anomaly was a more important contributor to the KBDI changes than temperature anomaly. The small magnitude of the simulated soil moisture anomalies during the drought event did not provide sufficient evidence for the role of simulated soil moisture as a direct measure of wildfire potential.     

Drought footprint on European ecosystems between 1999 and 2010 assessed by remotely sensed vegetation phenology and productivity

Drought affects more people than any other natural disaster but there is little understanding of how ecosystems react to droughts. This study jointly analyzed spatio‐temporal changes of drought patterns with vegetation phenology and productivity changes between 1999 and 2010 in major European bioclimatic zones. The Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used as drought indicator whereas changes in growing season length and vegetation productivity were assessed using remote sensing time‐series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Drought spatio‐temporal variability was analyzed using a Principal Component Analysis, leading to the identification of four major drought events between 1999 and 2010 in Europe. Correspondence Analysis showed that at the continental scale the productivity and phenology reacted differently to the identified drought events depending on ecosystem and land cover. Northern and Mediterranean ecosystems proved to be more resilient to droughts in terms of vegetation phenology and productivity developments. Western Atlantic regions and Eastern Europe showed strong agglomerations of decreased productivity and shorter vegetation growing season length, indicating that these ecosystems did not buffer the effects of drought well. In a climate change perspective, increase in drought frequency or intensity may result in larger impacts over these ecosystems, thus management and adaptation strategies should be strengthened in these areas of concerns.     

Comparison of Vegetation Indices and Red-edge Parameters for Estimating Grassland Cover from Canopy Reflectance Data

There has been a great deal of Interests in the estimation of grassland biophysical parameters such as percentage of vegetation cover （PVC）, aboveground biomass, and leaf-area index with remote sensing data at the canopy scale. In this paper, the percentage of vegetation cover was estimated from vegetation indices using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data and red-edge parameters through the first derivative spectrum from in situ hypserspectral reflectance data. Hyperspectral reflectance measurements were made on grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China, using an Analytical Spectral Devices spectroradiometer. Vegetation indices such as the difference, simple ratio, normalized difference, renormalized difference, soil-adjusted and modified soil-adjusted vegetation indices （DVI, RVI, NDVI, RDVI, SAVI L=0.5 end MSAVI2） were calculated from the hyperspectral reflectance of various vegetation covers. The percentage of vegetation cover was estimated using an unsupervised spectral-contextual classifier automatically. Relationships between percentage of vegetation cover and various vegetation indices and red-edge parameters were compared using a linear and second-order polynomial regression. Our analysis indicated that MSAVI2 and RVI yielded more accurate estimations for a wide range of vegetation cover than other vegetation indices and red-edge parameters for the linear and second-order polynomial regression, respectively.     

黄土高原植被日光诱导叶绿素荧光对气象干旱的响应

随着气候变化的加剧,干旱的频率、持续时间以及发生范围都越来越严重,探索植被光合对干旱的响应以及气象因子对植被光合的影响对于人们如何应对干旱具有重要意义。基于遥感的日光诱导叶绿素荧光(SIF)具有对干旱条件下区域植被光合作用进行早期监测和准确评估的潜力。本研究基于星载SIF和标准化降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)研究了黄土高原地区2001—2017年生长季内(4—10月)植被光合作用对干旱的响应关系及其受气象因子的影响程度。结果表明: 黄土高原地区植被生长季内SIF与SPEI呈显著正相关关系的区域占比为87.8%,其中,半干旱地区植被光合对干旱的响应较敏感,半湿润地区敏感性较低。不同类型植被光合对干旱的响应存在差异,草地对干旱响应的敏感性最高,响应最强的SPEI时间尺度为3～4个月;林地的敏感性最低,SPEI时间尺度为3～10个月。气象因子与SIF存在显著的相关关系,其中,温度和降雨是影响黄土高原植被光合的重要影响因子,光合有效辐射的影响模式与温度相似。黄土高原地区生长季内不同的气候和植被类型条件下,植被光合所受干旱及各气象因素的影响存在较大差异。     

多尺度下宝鸡地区干旱动态格局演变及其与植被覆盖的关系

利用宝鸡地区11个气象站点1974—2013年逐月气温和降水量数据,基于标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),结合土地利用/覆盖数据,从干旱发生频率、发生强度及与植被NDVI相关性等角度,探讨了近40年来干旱时空变化格局及其对植被覆盖的响应。结果显示:宝鸡地区年均SPEI指数以-2.50%/a的速度下降,干旱趋势明显增强。自20世纪末以来,全区年均干旱指数呈明显的上升趋势,以2007—2010年增大趋势最为显著(超过0.05临界线);近40年来,春季干旱发生频率达60%及以上的有21 a,达90%以上的有9a。1981—1986年起伏变化最为剧烈。秋季平均干旱发生频率为46.29%,为春、夏、秋、冬4个季节中最低。从干旱发生强度来看,全区年际、四季及月6个时间尺度上干旱强度高、低值区域分布均比较集中;秋季强度最弱的区域面积表现最高,占总面积的75.47%。干旱发生最严重的是春季,占总面积的11.90%。全区干旱与植被覆盖相关性均表现较好(均通过0.05显著性水平检验),林地、草地负相关性最为显著(除夏季),夏季、秋季、月尺度上,耕地、水域、城乡地区干旱与植被覆盖的相关性与土地利用类型无关。     

Analysis on spatial and temporal characteristics drought of Yunnan Province

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the global warming trend is an increasing cause for concern. Frequent extreme weather events occur under the conditions of global change. Exploring the relationship between climate change and drought disasters using climate change performance characteristics has become a prime research problem. It is increasingly important to study the temporal and spatial distribution of aridity and drought causes in the southwest region. We collected meteorological data from 16 meteorological stations from 1956 to 2010 in Yunnan Province of Southwest China, and used a composite index (CI) of meteorological drought to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of droughts in the province. Based on daily CI values of each station during the 50 years, drought processes there were confirmed individually. Occurrence frequencies, scopes and severities of meteorological droughts were computed and analyzed to reveal their temporal and spatial occurrence patterns in different parts of the province. The results are as follows: (1) Temperature in the province, showing the well-being of the turn, has an obvious 4-year principal cycle. Temperature gradually rose after 1980. Fluctuation of precipitation was relatively stable, with a cycle of about 2 years. (2) On the spatial scale, drought occurred over wide areas in the province. Its overall distribution showed a gradual increase from northwest to southeast. Drought days were the most numerous in the southeast, and fewer in the southwest. (3) Examining seasonal variation, the occurrence of spring droughts was high. The multi-year average of drought frequency exceeded 70%. The frequency of summer and autumn drought was less, and that of winter drought was highest. (4) The causes of drought are complex, comprising the combined effects of atmospheric circulation, geography, and human factors. There was a strong negative correlation between the interannual variation of drought days and precipitation anomaly values. With warming temperatures, the chances for regional drought significantly increased, but the interaction mechanism remains unexplained and should be explored in the future. The climate in Yunnan Province has typical characteristics. The temperature and extreme weather of recent years has certainly changed in response to global climate change, and has caused regional disasters. The aforementioned mechanism represents the next research direction.     

气候和放牧对锡林郭勒地区植被覆盖变化的影响

基于锡林郭勒盟15个气象站点1981-2007年的逐月气温、降水量数据及各旗县的牲畜头数,在ArcGIS软件的支持下,分析气候干燥度和牲畜密度的空间分布,结合1981-2007年的逐旬归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据,对研究区植被覆盖变化的驱动因素进行分析.结果表明： 研究期间,锡林郭勒盟气候干燥度与植被覆盖状况之间存在良好的线性回归关系;NDVI与牲畜密度之间存在良好的二项式回归关系,随着NDVI值的升高,牲畜密度先增加后降低;植被覆盖状况与干燥度和牲畜密度呈复线性相关关系,其中,NDVI与干燥度呈正相关,与牲畜密度呈负相关,且干燥度对NDVI的影响远大于牲畜密度对NDVI的影响.     

江苏省典型干旱过程特征

为了研究江苏省重大干旱过程的生消和演变特征,选取2006年10-11月覆盖全省的一次严重秋旱事件作为典型个例,收集54个气象台站的逐日气象观测资料,计算逐日复合气象干旱指数CI值,以此为基础统计干旱发生的开始日期、结束日期、持续日数和逐日旱强,研究全省和各地区的旱情生消和演变特征;选用MODIS产品数据,利用植被供水指数法,反演干旱发展过程;利用实测土壤相对湿度数据,在ArcGIS9.3中采用反距离权重插值法,分析干旱事件中土壤湿度的空间变化特征.研究结果表明:(1)在这一典型秋旱事件中,由CI指数、VWSI指数和土壤相对湿度反映的大气、植被、土壤干旱的生消和演变过程基本一致.(2)干旱的发生是由西北到东南逐渐扩展蔓延,结束则由东南向西北逐渐收缩消失,持续天数从北向南递减.(3)旱情总体上北重南轻,但不同地区因大气背景和自然地理条件不同发展过程差异较大.(4)利用CI指数、VSWI指数和土壤湿度可以较全面而系统地监测干旱过程的生消、演变和强度变化.     

Bioclimatic analysis in a region of southern Italy (Calabria)

In this study, an analysis of precipitation and temperature data has been performed over 67 series observed in a region of southern Italy (Calabria). At first, to detect possible trends in the time series, an analysis was performed with the Mann–Kendall non-parametric test applied at monthly and seasonal scale. An additional investigation, useful for checking the climate change effects on vegetation, has also been included analysing bioclimatic indicators. In particular, Emberger, Rivas-Martinez and De Martonne indices were calculated by using monthly temperature and precipitation data in the period 1916–2010. The spatial pattern of the indices has been evaluated and, in order to link the vegetation and the indices, different indices maps have been intersected with the land cover data, given by the Corine Land Cover map. Moreover, the temporal evolution of the indices and of the vegetation has been analysed. Results suggest that climate change may be responsible for the forest cover change, but, given also the good relationship between the various types of bioclimate and forest formations, human activities must be considered.     

基于SPEI指数的华北冬麦区干旱时空分布特征分析

气候变化的背景下,华北地区干旱化趋势不断加剧。利用华北冬麦区45个气象站1961—2010逐月温度与降水数据,选取标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index)作为区域干旱指数进行华北冬麦区近50年干旱时空特征分析。研究表明:(1)近50年来华北地区平均温度明显上升,研究区整体呈现干旱化加剧趋势。华北地区平均SPEI指数对于典型干旱年份的表征准确,与历史资料相符合。(2)华北不同区域之间增温率不同,导致干旱化趋势存在差异。通过对典型站点的分析,发现增温率越大的区域干旱化趋势越严重。(3)不同等级干旱发生的站次比能够较好地反映不同年型干旱的发生特点。对SPEI指数矩阵的EOF分析结果显示出华北地区典型的干旱时空分布特征,第一模态呈现全区旱涝变化一致型的分布形式,高值区包括山东西部、河南北部、河北南部地区,表明这些地区对干旱的反应最为敏感。时间系数序列未显示出明显的变化趋势;第二模态呈现南北相反的分布型,河北及山东的大部分地区空间系数均为正值,而河南大部分地区为负值。时间系数序列整体呈下降趋势,表明研究区北部干旱化趋势加剧,南部干旱化有所缓解;第三模态呈现东西相反的分布形式,这种分布特征的变化趋势不明显。     

1951—2018年中国年降水量及气象干旱的时空变异

探求降水量及干旱时空变化特征及规律是当前水文学研究的重要课题。基于中国619个气象站1951—2018年的降水量数据,采用距平百分率法和Morlet小波分析等方法,揭示年降水量及干旱的时空变异。结果表明: 研究期间,中国年降水量空间上呈东南至西北阶梯递减的特征,多年降水量变化剧烈程度反之;地势二、三阶梯分界线左右区域降水量呈下降趋势,且多于20世纪60—70年代发生突变,其余地区呈上升趋势,大多数突变发生于20世纪90年代;温带大陆和温带季风气候区降水量主周期小。20世纪60年代至21世纪10年代,中国干旱区面积减少,半干旱区面积增加,特别是近10年干旱和半干旱区面积减小,半湿润区面积增大。在30°—40° N之间发现一条干旱南北差异分界线,分界线以北干旱次数远多于以南;干旱的主体区域在年代际的转移方向为西北中部→华北南部→华北北部,发生次数及分布范围逐渐减小。     

基于综合气象干旱指数的1961—2012年阿勒泰地区干旱时空演变特征

基于阿勒泰地区7个气象站1961—2012年的逐日气温、降水等气象资料,运用趋势分析法、M-K突变检验法、小波分析法并结合ArcGIS软件,探究了阿勒泰地区干旱的时空演变特征.结果表明： 综合气象干旱指数能较好地反映阿勒泰地区干旱状况.研究期间,阿勒泰地区虽然年和四季的干旱频次和不同等级干旱覆盖范围都呈减少趋势,但是旱情仍较为严重,年和季节的干旱发生频繁,且多年存在重旱和特旱发生在整个阿勒泰地区;秋季和冬季的干旱频次分别在1997和1983年发生减少突变,夏季的干旱频次首先在1962年发生增加突变,随后在1991年发生减少突变,年均和春季的干旱频次无突变发生;年和四季的干旱频次都存在明显的周期性.干旱频次和不同干旱等级在空间上的分布表明,东部清河县旱情较为严重,中部阿勒泰市、富蕴县、布尔津县、福海县旱情次之,西部地区的哈巴河和吉木乃县的旱情较轻.     

Effects of drought on avian community structure

Droughts are expected to become more frequent under global climate change. Avifauna depend on precipitation for hydration, cover, and food. While there are indications that avian communities respond negatively to drought, little is known about the response of birds with differing functional and behavioural traits, what time periods and indicators of drought are most relevant, or how response varies geographically at broad spatial scales. Our goals were thus to determine (1) how avian abundance and species richness are related to drought, (2) whether community variations are more related to vegetation vigour or precipitation deviations and at what time periods relationships were strongest, (3) how response varies among avian guilds, and (4) how response varies among ecoregions with different precipitation regimes. Using mixed effect models and 1989–2005 North American Breeding Bird Survey data over the central United States, we examined the response to 10 precipitation‐ and greenness‐based metrics by abundance and species richness of the avian community overall, and of four behavioural guilds. Drought was associated with the most negative impacts on avifauna in the semiarid Great Plains, while positive responses were observed in montane areas. Our models predict that in the plains, Neotropical migrants respond the most negatively to extreme drought, decreasing by 13.2% and 6.0% in abundance and richness, while permanent resident abundance and richness increase by 11.5% and 3.6%, respectively in montane areas. In most cases, response of abundance was greater than richness and models based on precipitation metrics spanning 32‐week time periods were more supported than those covering shorter time periods and those based on greenness. While drought is but one of myriad environmental variations birds encounter, our results indicate that drought is capable of imposing sizable shifts in abundance, richness, and composition on avian communities, an important implication of a more climatically variable future.     

2000—2018年黄河流域生长季植被指数变化及其对气候因子的响应

黄河流域位于我国干旱、半干旱地区,生态环境脆弱,探究其植被指数变化和对气候因子的响应对该地区生态建设具有重要意义。基于黄河流域2000—2018年MODIS归一化植被指数、增加型植被指数和气象数据,利用最大值合成法、趋势分析和相关分析等方法,分析了两种植被指数的时空变化特征及受气候因子的影响机制,探讨了NDVI与EVI在反映植被变化和对气候因子响应的差异。结果表明：2000—2018年,黄河流域地区植被NDVI、EVI分别以0.059/10a、0.038/10a的变化率增加,空间上以显著改善为主,面积占比分别为77.13%和75.27%,大多分布在1000—1500 m海拔处,中游地区改善较为良好,林地改善率最高。显著退化区域较小,主要分布在巴颜喀拉山西北部、西宁市、银川市、包头市、呼和浩特市、太原市、西安市及关中盆地和洛阳市周边,建设用地退化率最高。在生长季期间,植被指数变化与气温和降水以正相关为主,气温滞后时间为1个月,降水滞后时间为3个月,都为草地最为相关;与辐射之间为负相关,滞后时间为3个月,其中林地最为相关。在0.05显著性检验水平下,驱动黄河流域生长季植被变化的主要气候因子...     

Droughting a megadrought: Ecological consequences of a decade of experimental drought atop aridification on the Colorado Plateau

Global dryland vegetation communities will likely change as ongoing drought conditions shift regional climates towards a more arid future. Additional aridification of drylands can impact plant and ground cover, biogeochemical cycles, and plant–soil feedbacks, yet how and when these crucial ecosystem components will respond to drought intensification requires further investigation. Using a long-term precipitation reduction experiment (35% reduction) conducted across the Colorado Plateau and spanning 10 years into a 20+ year regional megadrought, we explored how vegetation cover, soil conditions, and growing season nitrogen (N) availability are impacted by drying climate conditions. We observed large declines for all dominant plant functional types (C₃ and C₄ grasses and C₃ and C₄ shrubs) across measurement period, both in the drought treatment and control plots, likely due to ongoing regional megadrought conditions. In experimental drought plots, we observed less plant cover, less biological soil crust cover, warmer and drier soil conditions, and more soil resin-extractable N compared to the control plots. Observed increases in soil N availability were best explained by a negative correlation with plant cover regardless of treatment, suggesting that declines in vegetation N uptake may be driving increases in available soil N. However, in ecosystems experiencing long-term aridification, increased N availability may ultimately result in N losses if soil moisture is consistently too dry to support plant and microbial N immobilization and ecosystem recovery. These results show dramatic, worrisome declines in plant cover with long-term drought. Additionally, this study highlights that more plant cover losses are possible with further drought intensification and underscore that, in addition to large drought effects on aboveground communities, drying trends drive significant changes to critical soil resources such as N availability, all of which could have long-term ecosystem impacts for drylands.     

Responses of tree-ring growth and crop yield to drought indices in the Shanxi province,North China

In this paper, we analyze the relationships among the tree-ring chronology, meteorological drought (precipitation), agricultural drought (Palmer Drought Severity Index PDSI), hydrological drought (runoff), and agricultural data in the Shanxi province of North China. Correlation analyses indicate that the tree-ring chronology is significantly correlated with all of the drought indices during the main growing season from March to July. Sign test analyses further indicate that the tree-ring chronology shows variation similar to that of the drought indices in both high and low frequencies. Comparisons of the years with narrow tree rings to the severe droughts reflected in all three indices from 1957 to 2008 reveal that the radial growth of the trees in the study region can accurately record the severe drought for which all three indices were in agreement (1972, 1999, 2000, and 2001). Comparisons with the dryness/wetness index indicate that tree-ring growth can properly record the severe droughts in the history. Correlation analyses among agricultural data, tree-ring chronology, and drought indices indicate that the per-unit yield of summer crops is relatively well correlated with the agricultural drought, as indicated by the PDSI. The PDSI is the climatic factor that significantly influences both tree growth and per-unit yield of summer crops in the study region. These results indicate that the PDSI and tree-ring chronology have the potential to be used to monitor and predict the yield of summer crops. Tree-ring chronology is an important tool for drought research and for wider applications in agricultural and hydrological research.     

2001-2018年中国-老挝交通走廊核心区植被稳定性对极端干旱的响应

中国-老挝交通走廊核心区干旱事件的频繁发生威胁着该区域生态系统的稳定性。基于Palmer干旱指数（PDSI）和增强型植被指数（EVI）数据量化了中老交通走廊核心区不同植被类型的稳定性（年均EVI与其标准差之比）及其对干旱的抵抗力（干旱期间植被结构和功能保持其原始水平的能力）和恢复力（植被恢复到干旱前水平的速度）。结果表明：（1）2001-2018年间,中老交通走廊核心区共发生5次极端干旱事件,出现极端干旱的年份有2005年、2010年、2015年、2016年和2017年,以上年份极端干旱面积占总面积的比例分别为13.37%、47.46%、10.41%、12.00%和3.05%;（2）不同植被类型对极端干旱的响应不同,中老交通走廊核心区内常绿阔叶林的稳定性显著高于其他植被类型,和其他植被类型相比,常绿阔叶林虽然暴露在干旱环境中的时间更长,但其具有更高的稳定性,在维持中老交通走廊核心区的生态系统稳定性上发挥着重要作用;（3）常绿阔叶林和木本稀树草原对极端干旱的抵抗力和恢复力显著高于混交林、草地和农田,研究区内各植被类型对极端干旱的抵抗力与温度和降水呈显著正相关关系。     

1982-2020年内蒙古地区极端气候变化及其对植被的影响

内蒙古地处生态环境脆弱区,对气候变化尤为敏感。在全球气候变暖背景下,探究极端气候变化及其影响显得尤为重要。基于内蒙古地区115个气象站点1982—2020年的逐日气象数据,从强度、持续时间、频率3个维度出发计算了18个极端气候指数,在综合分析极端气候的时空变化特征的基础上,运用地理探测器和皮尔逊相关分析方法,定量评估极端气候对该区植被的影响。结果表明：(1)极端暖指数均呈增加趋势,说明1982—2020年期间内蒙古地区极端偏暖现象增多。(2)持续干旱日数与持续湿润日数呈减少趋势,说明39年来内蒙古地区连续性无降水天数和降水天数均减少。(3)极端气候指数与归一化植被指数(NDVI)的相关关系表现出明显的空间异质性,表明内蒙古不同区域NDVI对各极端气候指数的响应程度不同。(4)因子探测器结果表明极端降水指数相对于极端气温指数来说,对内蒙古植被生长变化的影响较大。研究结果可为内蒙古地区防灾减灾与生态修复工程提供一定的科学依据。