以壳聚糖为载体亲和层析胰蛋白酶

用活化的壳聚糖为载体,鸡卵粘蛋白(CHOM)为配基,制备了胰蛋白酶的亲和吸附剂。采用该吸附剂亲和层析胰酶,所得产物经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,带中只有一条带颜色较深,且与标准胰蛋白酶带位置几乎相同。实验结果表明1 g壳聚糖可以固定60 mg鸡卵粘蛋白,制成的亲和吸附剂可吸附胰蛋白酶的最大量为118 U/g。以壳聚糖为载体的亲和吸附剂制备过程简单、安全。     

响应面法优化荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂固定化条件

目的:以大肠杆菌表达的重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂为原材料,研究其固定化方法及条件。方法:以0.2%聚乙烯醇-3%海藻酸钠溶液为载体,CaCl2为固定剂,用物理包埋法对荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂进行固定化;在CaCl2浓度、载体与抑制剂体积比以及固定化时间3个单因素基础上,利用响应面法对荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂固定化的影响因素进行优化。结果:建立了响应面法优化固定荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂的模型,经优化后得到如下最佳固定化条件:CaCl2浓度为5.5%,载体与抑制剂体积比为1.6∶1,固定化时间为31min。在此条件下实际测得固定化抑制剂抑制率为72.4%,而模型预测此条件下的抑制率为74.3%,实测值与理论值相差很小。结论:所建模型拟合程度较高,用该模型优化荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂固定化的工艺条件参数准确可信,可为进一步开发胰蛋白酶的应用提供重要参考。     

胰蛋白酶的固定化及其性质研究

 以自制的脱乙酰壳多糖作载体,戊二醛为交联剂,对胰蛋白酶的固定化条件及其固定化酶的性质进行了研究。考查了交联剂的用量、pH值、以及载体与酶的比例等因素对胰蛋白酶固定化的影响。在所选择的固定化条件下,固定化酶的活性回收可达50％以上。同时研究了固定化胰蛋白酶的一些性质;最适温度60℃,最适PH8.0,Km值比可溶性酶升高,热稳定性、pH贮存稳定性以及在乙醇水溶液中的稳定性明显高于可溶性胰蛋白酶。在柱式反应器内,以2％酪蛋白为底物对,操作半衰期为40天。     

可逆可溶载体上纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的共固定化

使用pH 值敏感型可逆可溶性聚合物Eudragit L-100 为载体,同时固定由里氏木霉生产的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶.首先,考察了酶的pH 值耐受性和载体的可逆可溶特性.在此基础上,调查了固定化过程中载体浓度、交联剂[1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐,EDC] 浓度对酶活固定率的影响.实验结果表明,在4.0 ～ 6.0 的pH 值范围内,纤维素酶的稳定性较好;添加适量的EDC 可以提高载体沉淀所需的pH 值,同时加强酶与载体的连接;当载体浓度为2%、EDC 浓度为0.1%、50mL 载体溶液中纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的用量分别为200 FPU 和1600 U 时,纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的酶活固定率分别达到75% 和59%,三次重复固定后的酶活固定率仍保留有42% 和35%.     

不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶酶学特性的研究

目的:研究以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体固定化胰蛋白酶的酶学特性。方法:通过测定不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶的活力得其最适反应温度值、最适反应pH值和米氏常数(Km)值。结果:以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体制备固定化胰蛋白酶的最适反应温度分别为70℃、60℃、60℃;最适反应pH值分别为7.5、8.0、8.0;表观米氏常数K’m分别为22.72mg/ml、25.12mg/ml、29.04mg/ml。结论:与游离酶相比,固定化胰蛋白酶均表现出一定的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性,利于工业化生产。     

以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶的制备*

报道了用以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状载体 (Eupergit C)制备固定由巨大芽孢杆菌 (^{B .megaterium})产生的青霉素酰化酶的研究。用己二胺 ,赖氨酸对载体进行化学修饰后制备固定化酶 ,获得了较好的固定结果。用未修饰的载体制备固定化酶 ,经 2 4h固定反应 ,酶活力达 1 76.5IU/g (wet) ,酶活力总收率达 53.7%,酶蛋白的固定量为 197mg/g(dry) ,酶蛋白的固定效率达 87.5 %。游离酶的酶浓度对制备固定化酶的活力无显著影响。当加酶量从     

一种高相对活力的固相胰蛋白酶

胰蛋白酶与正丁胺混和后再偶联于p-氨基苯磺酰乙基纤维素上得到一种高相对活力的固相胰蛋白酶,它以N-苯甲酰DL-精氨酰β-萘胺盐酸盐及酪蛋白为底物时的相对活力分别达到95～100%及45～50%。此固相酶80%的活性位置能与绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂结合形成失活的络合物。此固相酶对热及尿素的稳定性有明显的提高,活力也较稳定,载体价廉易得,因而有实际应用的前景。     

甲醇对胰蛋白酶催化活性影响的机理研究

为了探索甲醇影响胰蛋白酶催化活性的作用机理,将胰蛋白酶纯化到电泳纯的水平,用纯酶进行了催化动力学研究;测定了酶分子的紫外吸收光谱、紫外差示光谱和荧光发射光谱的变化.试验结果表明:胰蛋白酶经7%甲醇处理时,其比活力比对照提高了17.97%.经甲醇处理后的胰蛋白酶,其动力学参数Km值及Vmax值均得到提高,且Vmax提高幅度比较大.甲醇处理后,酶的紫外吸收光谱基本没有变化,其差示光谱出现明显的正峰和负峰,而其荧光发射光谱也基本不变,只是荧光强度有所增加.实验结果证明,在7%甲醇存在下,胰蛋白酶分子构型不变,酶活性的变化是甲醇引起酶分子构象改变的结果.     

微生物脂肪酶的共价键固定化

以N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺为活性官能团、丙烯酸为单体制备了一种含酯基的新型聚合物载体.利用微生物脂肪酶中的氨基易于氨解活化载体中的酯基生成酰胺的特点固定微生物脂肪酶,HPLC 和FT-IR 表征说明微生物脂肪酶与载体以共价键方式结合.探讨了微生物脂肪酶的最佳固定条件,固定脂肪酶酶活为游离酶活的75%,与游离酶相比,最适温度提高5℃(45℃),最适pH 值提高0.5(7.5);5 次使用后仍具有75.7% 的相对活力.     

固定化酶解猪小肠黏膜制备肝素的工艺研究

本文以肝素效价为指标,探索了固定化胰蛋白酶对小肠黏膜的酶解作用。在单因素试验基础上采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计和响应面(RSM)分析法,以肝素效价为响应值,通过考察p H值、加酶量、酶解温度及料液比,优化了固定化胰蛋白酶酶解制备肝素的工艺,建立了二次回归方程。结果表明,p H值、酶解温度、加酶量、及料液比均对肝素提取具有显著影响。固定化酶制备肝素最佳工艺条件为:p H为11,加酶质量分数为0.24%,酶解温度为46℃,料液比为1∶3.3(g/m L),酶解时间为5 h,在此条件下获得肝素酶解液效价为15.28 U。     

尼龙网固定化果胶酶的制备及其性质研究

用尼龙网作载体,经3-二甲氨基丙胺活化,用戊二醛将果胶酶固定化。所得固定化酶Km值与自然酶接近;对温度的稳定性有较大的提高,100℃保温30min才能使其失活。固定化酶在较宽的pH范围内能保持其正常活力,它对金属离子抑制剂的耐受性有较显著的提高,用0.5％果胶溶液作底物,重复使用10次后酶活力保留44％。固定化果胶酶与自然酶相比较,对不同果汁的澄清效果不同。固定化果胶酶在无保护剂存在的条件下,室温放置四个月活力不减少。     

Penicillin G production by immobilized whole cells of Penicillium chrysogenum.

Penicillium chrysogenum was immobilized in polyacrylamide gel prepared from 5% acrylamide monomers (85% acrylamide and 15% N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide). Penicillin produced from glucose by the immobilized mycelium was 17% of that produced by washed mycelium. However, the activity of penicillin production of the washed mycelium decreased with repeated use. On the other hand, the activity of the immobilized mycelium increased initially and decreased gradually with repeated use. The rate of oxygen uptake of the immobilized mycelium was about 30% of that of the washed mycelium. The immobilized mycelium required oxygen for the production of penicillin.     

Immobilization of tyrosinase on chitosan-clay composite beads

Tyrosinase was immobilized on glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan-clay composite beads and used for phenol removal. Immobilization yield, loading efficiency and activity of tyrosinase immobilized beads were found as 67%, 25% and 1400 U/g beads respectively. Optimum pH of the free and immobilized enzyme was found as pH 7.0. Optimum temperature of the free and immobilized enzyme was determined as 25-30 °C and 25 °C respectively. The kinetic parameters of free and immobilized tyrosinase were calculated using l-catechol as a substrate and K(m) value for free and immobilized tyrosinase were found as 0.93 mM and 1.7 mM respectively. After seven times of repeated tests, each over 150 min, the efficiency of phenol removal using same immobilized tyrosinase beads were decreased to 43%.     

Immobilization of laccase from Streptomyces psammoticus and its application in phenol removal using packed bed reactor

Laccase was produced from Streptomyces psammoticus under solid-state fermentation. The enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and was immobilized in alginate beads by entrapment method. Calcium alginate beads retained 42.5% laccase activity, while copper alginate beads proved a better support for laccase immobilization by retaining 61% of the activity. Phenol and colour removal from a phenol model solution was carried out using immobilized laccase. Batch experiments were performed using packed bed bioreactor, containing immobilized beads. Reusability of the immobilized matrix was studied for up to 8 successive runs, each run with duration of 6 h. The system removed 72% of the colour and 69.9% of total phenolics from the phenol model solution after the initial run. The immobilized system maintained 50% of its efficiency after eight successive runs. The degradation of phenolic compounds by immobilized laccase was evaluated and confirmed by Thin layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.     

Degradation of raffinose oligosaccharides in soymilk by immobilized alpha-galactosidase of Aspergillus oryzae

Alpha-galactosidase was immobilized in a mixture of k-carrageenan and locust bean gum. The properties of the free and immobilized enzyme were then determined. The optimum pH for both the soluble and immobilized enzyme was 4.8. The optimum temperature for the soluble enzymes was 50 degrees C, whereas that for the immobilized enzyme was 55 degrees C. The immobilized enzyme was used in batch, repeated batch, and continuous modes to degrade the raffinose-family sugars present in soymilk. Two hours of incubation with the free and immobilized alpha-galactosidases resulted in an 80% and 68% reduction in the raffinose oligosaccharides in the soymilk, respectively. In the repeated batch, a 73% reduction was obtained in the fourth cycle. A fluidized bed reactor was also designed to treat soymilk continuously and the performance of the immobilized alpha-galactosidase tested at different flow rates, resulting in a 90% reduction of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in the soymilk at a flow rate 40 ml/h. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that immobilized alpha-galactosidase in a continuous mode is efficient for reducing the oligosaccharides present in soymilk, which may be of considerable interest for industrial application.     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以壳聚糖为载体,成二醛为交联剂将木瓜蛋白酶固定化。5％戊二醛在4-6℃下处理载体5h,加酶液(3.5mg/mL蛋白,pH7.2)固定12h,活力回收达32％,作用于酪蛋白的半衰期为36天,其表观K_m(酪蛋白)值为0.075％(W/V),溶液酶的K_m值为0.086％;最适pH7.0～7.5,溶液酶为7.0～8.5。固定化酶在pH8.5以下,溶液酶在9.0以下活力稳定。固定化酶在45℃以下,溶液酶在75℃以下稳定。用6mol/L脲洗脱固定化酶4次(5.5h)活力仍有54.5％。用固定化酶处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了1.5-3.7倍,蛋白质含量下降了44％,冷藏(4℃)120天无冷混浊现象发生并保持了啤酒原有风味和理化性状。     

强化海藻酸钠凝胶制备固定化酶

为了确定生产帕拉金糖（异麦芽酮糖）的固化酶最佳条件,在固化材料和固化方法上进行多项试验。结果表明：使用添加剂强化海藻酸钙凝胶包埋整个细胞酶,固化效果最佳,固化酶的酶活为３０～６０ｕ／ｇ,蔗糖平均转化率８５％,最高转化率９５％,实验室中固化酶连续转化半衰期长达４５ｄ。     

Protease production by immobilized mycelia of Streptomyces fradiae

Streptomyces fradiaewas immobilized in polyacrylamide gel prepared from 5% total acrylamide (90% acrylamide and 10%N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide). Production of protease by the immobilized mycelia was attempted in a batch system. A dilute medium containing 0.5% starch, 0.5% meat extract, and 0.05% yeast extract was employed. The reusability of the immobilized and washed mycelia was examined. The activity of protease production by washed mycelia was rapidly decreased with increasing use cycles. The activity of the immobilized mycelia increased gradually, and reached a maximum after ten use cycles. Then, the activity gradually decreased with increasing reaction cycles. This might be caused by destruction of the gels. On the other hand, the sterilization of the surface of the immobilized mycelia was effective for elongation of the lifetime. As a result, the half-life of protease production by the sterilized immobilized mycelia was about 30 days. The rate of protease production by immobilized mycelia was 12,000 U/ml/hr. This value was four times higher than that by submerged culture.     

Sanitization of immobilized biocatalysts for the production of 6‐aminopenicillanic acid

Five different chemical reagents and γ‐rays were tested for the sanitization of immobilized biocatalysts with high penicillin G acylase (PGA) activity. The most effective chemical reagents were N‐cetyl‐N,N,N‐trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenol (thymol). The optimum concentration of CTAB for the treatment of the immobilized enzyme was 0.25% [w/v] and 1 h, for immobilized cells 0. [w/v] and 3 h. The optimum concentration of thymol for the immobilized enzyme was found to be 0.1% [w/v] and 1 h, for immobilized cells 0.27% [w/v] and 2 h. The optimum dose of γ‐rays for the sanitization of the immobilized enzyme was established as 3.2 kGy, for immobilized cells as 4.5 kGy.     

尼龙固定化木瓜蛋白酶及其应用研究

 尼龙经CaCl_2和H_2O的甲醇溶液处理,稀HCl水解用戊二醛交联以制备固定化木瓜蛋白酶。在溶液酶浓度为1mg/mL pH7.5—8.0、4—15℃条件下固定3h,活力回收42.5％,相对活力46％,偶联效率52％,半衰期72天。溶液酶Km值和固定化酶K_m~(aPP)值(底物酪蛋白W/V,％)分别为0.28％和0.35％。溶液酶和固定化酶分别在pH6.5和pH8.0以下活力稳定;最适pH分别为7.0和8.0;在65℃处理30min活力分别为原有活力的89％和66％。当酪蛋白浓度为1.5％和2.5％以上活力分别受到抑制。固定化酶在6mol/L脲中连续浸洗5次共6h其活力稳定,仍有原活力的44.4％;用以处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了2-11倍;蛋白质含量下降了55％;冷藏(4℃)120天,无冷混浊发生;同时各项理化指标和风味不变。