Serratia sp. PS-2产几丁质酶发酵条件研究

采用平板透明圈法,从海洋红树林根泥筛选得到一株产几丁质酶较强沙雷氏菌株Serratia sp. PS-2.为实现工业化生产几丁质酶,考察了以几丁质为诱导剂,碳源、氮源、NaCl 浓度、培养温度、时间、培养液酸碱度、通气量和搅拌速度等对产酶的影响,得到了优化的发酵条件.5L发酵罐实验表明,该菌株可在发酵72h内达到产酶高峰,最高酶活力可达到0.68 U/mL.     

酶的固体发酵生产研究进展

由于固体发酵具有基质来源广泛、能耗少、对环境友好和生产成本低等特点,在酶的生产中仍得到较广泛的应用.介绍了固体发酵产酶的种类和产酶微生物,基质来源及发酵条件控制技术等方面的进展,总结了固体发酵产酶存在的问题,并提出了今后该领域的研究方向.     

枯草芽孢杆菌Zj016脱苦氨肽酶的发酵控制策略

目的:研究枯草芽孢杆菌Zj016脱苦氨肽酶发酵生产的放大条件,提高产酶水平,为其工业化生产创造条件;初步研究此菌株所产蛋白酶的酶系,也为它在大豆分离蛋白水解工艺中表现出的显著脱苦效果提供了依据.方法:以摇瓶上优化好的氨肽酶发酵条件为基础,在7L自控式发酵罐上进行放大实验,通过控制溶氧条件、补料和原料的预处理等发酵控制策略提高发酵的产酶水平.结果:当控制最低溶氧为60%和原料的预处理,氨肽酶的最大酶活值可达到3 900U/mL.结论:通过发酵条件的优化和初步控制,为此脱苦氨肽酶的规模化生产创造良好的基础.     

纳豆激酶固态发酵的参数优化

方法:在对实验室分离的纳豆激酶产生菌进行菌株鉴定及其酶学性质研究的基础上,对影响菌株固态发酵产酶的工艺参数进行了优化研究.结果:发酵温度、发酵时间及培养基碳氮比、料水比、pH对纳豆激酶的产生都有较大影响,而接种量对纳豆激酶影响较小;在优化条件下,纳豆激酶固态发酵酶活可达到8 300U/g,为已知最高纳豆激酶单位酶活.     

较高温度对灵芝培养特性及灵芝酸产量的影响

灵芝具有重要的药用价值,培养条件的优化可提高灵芝中各种活性成分的含量。探讨了较高温度对灵芝发酵过程中的生理指标及灵芝酸产量的影响。结果表明,较高的发酵温度虽然降低了灵芝生物量,但提高了淀粉酶﹑漆酶﹑纤维素酶的酶活。发酵第4天,36℃培养条件下淀粉酶酶活达到最大值,比30℃发酵条件下的酶活提高了22.61%。发酵第10天,34℃培养条件下的漆酶酶活﹑纤维素酶酶活﹑可溶性糖含量和灵芝酸产量都达到最大值,相对于30℃的培养条件,分别提高了51.12%、30.41%、13.21%和45.23%。结果表明较高温度发酵有利于酶活和灵芝酸含量的提高,该研究为灵芝的高温发酵提供了新的思路和理论指导。     

木质纤维素原料酶水解产乙醇工艺的研究进展

木质纤维素原料预处理后,经水解、发酵等过程,可生产乙醇作为清洁燃料,这大大提高了农业和林业废弃物的利用率,减轻了环境污染,并为经济的可持续发展提供了保证。目前木质纤维素酶水解因其具有明显优势而受到重视,被普遍研究和采用。综述了近年来木质纤维素原料的预处理方法、酶与水解技术、发酵工艺以及发酵耦合分离技术的最新研究成果。     

低能离子注入诱变选育漆酶高产菌株

利用低能N+束注入技术对漆酶产牛菌灵芝菌(Ganoderma lucidum)U60菌丝体进行辐照诱变.通过研究15 keV能量下不同注入剂量与灵芝菌存活率及突变率的生物学效应关系,确定了在2.6×1015-3.9×1015ions/cm2注入剂茸范围内可获得高比例正突变株.选择3.12×1015ions/cm2的注入剂量参数后,经多轮注入诱变,获得了遗传性稳定的漆酶高产突变株UIM-281;发酵产酶实验表明,UIM-281的产漆酶活力峰值分别是出发菌株U60的1.7倍及2.28倍,且产酶发酵周期相对缩短24 h,是工业发酵中更加经济高效的灵芝漆酶发酵菌株.     

表达重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶的酵母工程菌的高密度发酵

用5 L发酵罐优化了重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶酵母工程菌pPIC9K-Gal/GS115(本室构建)的高密度发酵工艺.通过对发酵条件的优化,包括甘油补充量及补充时机、甲醇诱导量及诱导时机、溶氧控制、诱导时间等,重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶在毕赤酵母中得到了高效表达.利用所确定的最适条件进行发酵,菌体密度最终达到368 g/L以上,每批发酵液离心后可获得3.5 L的发酵上清,上清中的蛋白含量达到3 g/L以上,目的蛋白占上清总蛋白的50%以上,含量约为1.5 g/L,上清中α-半乳糖苷酶的活性维持在80 U/ml左右.确立工艺后又进行了3次发酵试验,证明了工艺的可行性和稳定性.为重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶在B→O血型改造和酶解大豆低聚糖方面的应用奠定了基础.     

表皮短杆菌ZJB-07021产R-酰胺酶培养条件的优化

采用响应面分析法(RSM)对R-酰胺酶产生菌Brevibacterium epidermidis ZJB-07021的发酵培养基进行了优化.首先运用了单因子试验筛选出了发酵培养的最佳pH与温度,在此基础上采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计法,对 8 种影响产酶的因素进行评价,实验结果表明,葡萄糖、酵母粉与乙酰胺含量对菌株产酰胺酶的活力具有显著的影响.通过旋转中心组合实验考察了葡萄糖、酵母粉和乙酰胺这三个主要因素对菌株所产酰胺酶活力的影响.发酵培养基优化结果为葡萄糖 17.00 g/L,酵母粉 15.74 g/L,乙酰胺 7.05 g/L,采用优化后的发酵培养条件进行摇瓶发酵培养,酰胺酶的酶活达到 72.14 U/L,比优化前的初始发酵培养条件下的酶活提高了73.3%.     

pH控制下绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）流加发酵生产纤维素酶

绿色木霉（Trichodermaviride）在pH控制发酵条件下,采用流加葡萄糖发酵策略,可显著提高综合滤纸酶活力（FPA）和内切酶（endo—β—1,4-glucanase,EG）、外切酶exo—β-1,4-glucanase,CBH）、纤维二糖酶（cellobiase,CB）酶活。在5L发酵罐中采用pH控制和流加葡萄糖工艺,可提高CB酶含量,改变酶组分之间的比例,使得FPA、EG、CB和CBH酶活分别达到50．0U／mL,210．0U／mL,4．0U／mL和2．5U／mL,比摇瓶发酵分别提高了6．7．4．2、19、2．5倍。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.