HzAm1细胞rpL13基因的序列分析及病毒感染对其转录水平的影响

从美洲棉铃虫细胞(HzAM1)中克隆了核糖体大亚基蛋白L13(Ribosomal protein L13,RpL13)的cDNA及其基因组DNA序列,并进行了序列分析.其编码框为666bp,无内含子,预测编码大小约为25 kDa的蛋白.通过与其它15种动物的RpL13编码框序列进行进化分析,发现聚类结果与传统物种分类一致.转录研究表明,棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)感染HzAm1后使rpL13在细胞内的转录水平降低,在病毒感染后96h,rpL13 mRNA的拷贝数降到对照健康细胞的8%.     

新疆盐穗木GRAS转录因子基因克隆及表达分析

利用抑制消减杂交法从藜科盐穗木属盐生植物盐穗木中分离得到了一个盐胁迫响应的表达序列标签(EST)片段,结合SMARTTMRACE技术获得了盐穗木GRAS转录因子基因的cDNA。序列分析表明,该基因全长2 090bp,含有1 635bp的阅读框,294bp的5′-UTR和161bp的3′-UTR,编码544个氨基酸,分子质量为61.503kD,理论等电点为6.1。系统进化树和Blast同源序列比对分析结果显示,该基因编码的蛋白具有GRAS家族特有的C端保守结构域,并与葡萄GRAS家族蛋白VvSCL13聚集在一起,故将该基因命名为HcSCL13(GenBank登录号KC68640)。实时荧光定量qRT-PCR分析表明,HcSCL13基因在盐胁迫后表达呈明显上调,初步推测Hc-SCL13基因可能与盐穗木的耐盐性相关。     

HTLV—1转录激活因子Tax和Taxreb107的相互作用

Tax是人类T淋巴细胞白血病病毒编码的转录因子。核糖体蛋白RpL6又称Taxreb10 7,是Tax应答序列结合蛋白 ,二者均作用于HTLV 1的启动子LTR。用酵母双杂交法和GST下拉检测 (pull down)法研究了Tax和Taxreb10 7/RpL6之间的相互关系。结果显示 ,二者在酵母细胞内和体外均具有直接相互作用。这些结果提示Taxreb10 7/RpL6可能通过与Tax的相互作用而调节Tax在病毒感染中的作用     

几种细胞因子对小鼠核糖体蛋白L6表达的调控

小鼠的核糖体蛋白RpL6启动子除了具有看家基因启动子的特点外,还含有多种转录因子的识别位点.如GATA序列1,γ干扰素核心序列,α干扰素应答序列2等,提示RpL6的表达可为细胞外因子所诱导.为了证实这一点,分别用促红细胞生成素、γ干扰素和α干扰素处理K562和Jurkat细胞,并用RNA印迹和荧光素酶报告试验检测了RpL6的mRNA水平和启动子活性.RNA印迹结果显示,在上述细胞因子作用下,RpL6的mRNA水平均有所提高.利用荧光素酶报告系统,用含有不同细胞因子识别位点启动子序列的报告质粒转染Jurkat和K562细胞,比较了启动子在细胞因子诱导前后的转录激活活性.结果显示,细胞因子诱导后启动子活性明显升高,且与应答序列的存在与否有直接关系.这些结果表明,细胞因子对RpL6转录的提高,是通过作用于启动子上相应的识别位点提高启动子活性而实现的.     

棉铃虫HaTO-like基因的克隆、序列分析和表达特征

【目的】克隆和分析了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera HaTO-like基因的编码框序列,检测了该基因的时空表达谱以及在棉铃虫感染核型多角体病毒HaSNPV后的转录变化,为深入研究该基因的功能提供理论依据。【方法】本研究利用RT-PCR的方法首次克隆获得HaTO-like基因的全长cDNA序列,通过几种生物信息学软件对该基因的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行了分析,并利用荧光定量PCR技术检测了该基因在棉铃虫不同发育阶段、幼虫组织和成虫组织的表达情况,以及HaSNPV感染对HaTO-like基因表达的影响。【结果】棉铃虫HaTO-like基因cDNA全长为994 bp,开放阅读框为756 bp,编码251个氨基酸,其蛋白序列的N端含有23个氨基酸的信号肽。进一步的序列分析表明棉铃虫HaTO-like与其他昆虫同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性不是太高,大概在39%~61%之间,其中与家蚕和脐橙螟在系统进化上关系最近。荧光定量PCR结果表明该基因在棉铃虫的5龄0 h和成虫第1天的的表达量相对较高,在幼虫的头部和表皮内的表达量较其他幼虫组织较高,在成虫的头部和足的表达量也相对较高。而病毒感染则显著地诱导了该基因在棉铃虫幼虫头部和表皮内的表达。【讨论】本研究克隆了棉铃虫HaTO-like基因的全长cDNA序列,分析了该基因的序列特征和表达谱,为进一步阐释该基因的功能奠定理论基础。     

棉铃虫HaKettin1基因的全长cDNA克隆、序列分析和表达谱

【目的】为了克隆棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera编码肌肉蛋白Kettin基因的全长cDNA序列以及鉴定该基因在棉铃虫发育周期内的表达模式。【方法】利用兼并引物,通过分段RT-PCR和5′-和3′-RACE的方法克隆全长cDNA序列。利用半定量RT-PCR进行表达谱分析。【结果】编码棉铃虫Kettin蛋白的基因HaKettin1全长cDNA序列为13 805 bp,包含一个13 365 bp的开放阅读框,编码4 454个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约为504.3 kD。组织表达结果显示HaKettin1基因在棉铃虫的整个生育周期都有表达,幼虫期的表达尤为显著。【结论】HaKettin1与家蚕的Kettin蛋白具有90％的同源性,表明鳞翅目昆虫的Kettin蛋白之间具有很高的保守性。表达谱结果显示HaKettin1基因在棉铃虫的整个发育过程中都发挥重要作用。     

棉铃虫过氧化物酶基因HaPOD的克隆和表达分析

【目的】克隆棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera过氧化物酶基因(HaPOD)并进行序列分析,研究HaPOD基因的时空表达模式以及在极端温度、双氧水处理和HaNPV感染后的基因表达变化模式。【方法】基于转录组测序获得HaPOD基因序列,通过几种生物信息学软件对该基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测HaPOD基因在棉铃虫体内的时空表达模式及4种逆境处理后的表达变化情况。【结果】序列分析显示该基因开放阅读框长1 332 bp,编码443个氨基酸,含有一个细胞粘附蛋白序列,氨基酸序列与甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua同源物序列一致性为85%,亲缘关系最近。HaPOD基因在5龄以前表达量相对较低,5龄后表达量开始升高,蛹第5天最高。在幼虫头和成虫翅中表达量相对较高。在高温、双氧水和HaNPV感染处理后,该基因表达量显著升高,而在低温处理后表达量显著下调。【结论】本研究克隆得到了棉铃虫HaPOD基因序列并对其进行了分析,其表达量在高温、双氧水和HaNPV感染处理后上调而低温处理后下调,这些结果为进一步研究过氧化物酶在维持氧化还原平衡和抵抗氧化损伤方面的功能奠定基础。     

棉铃虫BR-C Z1基因的克隆及表达谱分析

广泛锌指复合物(BR-C)在棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的生长发育过程中有重要作用。基于转录组数据通过PCR克隆获得棉铃虫BR-C Z1(HaBR-C Z1)基因序列,利用生物信息学分析其氨基酸序列,利用qRT-PCR分析基因的表达规律,以及2-十三烷酮(2-TD)处理后基因的表达情况。结果显示,HaBR-C Z1基因的开放阅读框长1 284 bp,编码427个氨基酸,预测编码蛋白的分子量和等电点分别为47.41 kD和7.72。系统进化树显示,HaBR-C Z1与帝王斑蝶Danaus plexippus plexippus的亲缘关系最近。HaBR-C Z1基因在预蛹期和6龄幼虫肠组织中的相对表达量最高。20 mg·g^-1浓度2-TD处理后的相对表达量在6 h达到峰值,为对照组的24.7倍。本研究明确了HaBR-C Z1基因的表达规律及其对2-TD的响应,为深入了解棉铃虫生长发育机制奠定了基础,并为害虫防治提供依据。     

小麦盐胁迫相关基因TabHLH13的克隆与分析

在对小麦全长cDNA克隆进行大规模测序及转录因子功能研究过程中,筛选到一个与盐胁迫相关的bHLH转录因子基因,将其命名为TabHLH13。TabHLH13的全长cDNA序列为1072 bp,开放阅读框为720 bp,编码一个具有240个氨基酸残基的bHLH转录因子;对TabHLH13的基因组和cDNA序列比较分析表明该基因包括5个外显子和4个内含子;同源序列分析发现,TabHLH13与来自大麦和短柄草中的bHLH蛋白序列相似性最高,分别为96.2%和90.5%;电子定位发现TabHLH13位于小麦第7同源群的7DL上;亚细胞定位结果表明,TabHLH13编码一个定位在细胞核中的蛋白;组织表达特性分析表明该基因在小麦根、茎、叶、颖壳、雌蕊和花药中均有较强的表达;半定量RT-PCR与qRT-PCR结果表明TabHLH13是一个受盐胁迫诱导表达的基因。     

棉铃虫触角普通气味结合蛋白1基因cDNA的部分克隆和定性分析(英文)

利用RT PCR和RACE技术克隆了编码棉铃虫触角普通气味结合蛋白 1基因的cDNA片段 ,该片段长 876bp。序列测定和结构分析表明 ,棉铃虫触角普通气味结合蛋白 1成熟蛋白阅读框长 43 5bp ,编码1 45个氨基酸。预测成熟蛋白的分子量和等电点分别为 1 7.0kDand 4.89。推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的昆虫气味结合蛋白 1高度同源 ,并且具有气味结合蛋白共同的结构特征     

HOXD13、FHL1和先天性马蹄内翻足的相关研究

为研究HOXD13、FHL1和先天性马蹄内翻足的关系, 应用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术检测HOXD13基因在先天性马蹄内翻足个体中的突变, 应用半定量RT-PCR及免疫组织化学技术检测HOXD13、FHL1在先天性马蹄内翻足患者肌肉组织中的表达; 并用软件预测FHL1基因上游HOXD13的结合位点, 凝胶阻滞试验(Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA)验证HOXD13和FHL1的相互作用。结果84例先天性马蹄内翻足患者中未发现HOXD13基因编码区突变存在。与同期正常足部肌肉组织相比HOXD13(33.3%), FHL1 (46.6%)在先天性马蹄内翻足患者肌肉组织中表达明显下调。EMSA结果表明, 当HOXD13存在时出现特异的DNA阻滞条带。上述结果说明：HOXD13的编码区突变可能不是先天性马蹄内翻足发生的原因, 而HOXD13和 FHL1表达水平的改变可能与马蹄内翻足畸形的发生有关, HOXD13可能通过直接调控FHL1发挥作用。     

Expression of ribosomal protein L4 (rpL4) during neurogenesis and 5-azacytidine (5AzC)-induced apoptotic process in the rat

5-Azacytidine (5AzC) induces neuronal apoptosis in rat and mouse fetuses. 5AzC also induces apoptosis in undifferentiated PC12 cells, and ribosomal protein L4 (rpL4) mRNA expression increases prior to apoptosis. To clarify the roles of rpL4 during neurogenesis, we first examined the distribution of rpL4 mRNA in the developing rat brain by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR, and compared the results to the distribution of TUNEL- or PCNA-positive cells. rpL4 mRNA expression was strong in the ventricular zone (VZ), subventricular zone (SVZ), cortical plate (CP), cerebral cortex, granule cell layer (GCL), pyramidal cell layer (Py) and external granular layer (EGL) during embryonic and early postnatal days, and it was remarkably weakened thereafter. A lot of PCNA-positive cells were observed in VZ, SVZ, and EGL during embryonic and early postnatal days, and such distribution of PCNA-positive cells was almost identical to rpL4 mRNA distribution. Only few TUNEL-positive cells were observed in VZ, SVZ, cerebral cortex, EGL, and hippocampus during embryonic and early postnatal days, and the regions with TUNEL-positive cells were not identical to rpL4 mRNA distribution. Next, the changes of rpL4 mRNA expression in the brain of 5AzC-treated rat fetuses were examined by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. Apoptotic cells appeared at 9 to 24 hours after treatment (HAT). However, the rpL4 mRNA expression was unchanged during the apoptotic process. From the results, it is suggested that rpL4 would have certain roles in cell proliferation and differentiation during neurogenesis, but have no roles in 5AzC-induced apoptosis in the fetal brain.     

Generation of monoclonal antibodies for the assessment of protein purification by recombinant ribosomal coupling

We recently described a conceptually novel method for the purification of recombinant proteins with a propensity to form inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. Recombinant proteins were covalently coupled to the E. coli ribosome by fusing them to ribosomal protein 23 (rpL23) followed by expression in an rpL23 deficient strain of E. coli. This allowed for the isolation of ribsomes with covalently coupled target proteins which could be efficiently purified by centrifugation after in vitro proteolysis at a specific site incorporated between rpL23 and the target protein. rpL23-GFP-His is among the fusion proteins used in our previous study for ribosomal coupling of C-terminally His-tagged green fluorescent protein. To assess the efficiency of separation of target protein from ribosomes, by site-specific proteolysis, we required monoclonal antibodies directed against rpL23 and GFP. We therefore purified rpL23-GFP-His, rpL23-His and GFP from E. coli recombinants using affinity, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. These proteins could be purified with yields of 150, 150 and 1500 microg per gram cellular wet weight, respectively. However, rpL23-GFP-His could only be expressed in a soluble form and subsequently purified, when cells were cultivated at reduced temperatures. The purified rpL23-GFP-His fusion protein was used to immunize balb/c mice and the hybridoma cell lines resulting from in vitro cell fusion were screened by ELISA using rpL23-His and GFP to select for monoclonal antibodies specific for each protein. This resulted in 20 antibodies directed against rpL23 and 3 antibodies directed against GFP. Antibodies were screened for isotypes and their efficiency in western immunoblots. The most efficient antibody against rpL23 and GFP were purified by Protein G Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified antibodies were used to evaluate the separation of ribosomes from GFP, streptavidin, murine interleukin-6, a phagedisplay antibody and yeast elongation factor 1A by centrifugation, when ribosomes with covalently coupled target protein were cleaved at specific proteolytic cleavage sites. We conclude that the generated antibodies can be used to evaluate ribosomal coupling of recombinant target proteins as well as the efficiency of their separation from the ribosome.     

Mechanism of action of interleukin-13 antagonist (IL-13E13K) in cells expressing various types of IL-4R

As interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 play a major role in various diseases including asthma, allergy, and malignancies, it is desirable to generate a molecule that blocks the effects of both cytokines. We previously generated a human IL-13 mutant (IL-13E13K), which is a powerful antagonist of IL-13, blocking the biological activities of IL-13. We now show that IL-13E13K also competitively inhibits signaling and biological activities of IL-4 through type II and partially through type III IL-4 receptor (R) system. IL-13E13K completely blocked the IL-4-induced phosphorylation of STAT6 and IL-4-dependent protein synthesis in cells expressing type II and partially type III IL-4R but not type I IL- 4R. Consistent with the inhibition of biological activities, IL-13E13K inhibited IL-4 binding to type II IL-4R-expressing cells but not to type I IL-4R-expressing cells. The inhibition efficiency of IL-4 binding by IL-13E13K was relatively lower compared to wtIL-13 even though IL-13E13K bound to IL-13Ralpha1 positive cells with a similar affinity to wtIL-13. These results indicate that Glu13 in IL-13 associates with IL-4Ralpha, and mutation to lysine decreases its binding ability to IL-4Ralpha chain. IL-13E13K binds to IL- 13Ralpha1, which is shared by both IL-13R and IL-4R systems. Consequently, IL-13E13K inhibits IL-4 binding to these cells and prevents heterodimer formation between IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-4Ralpha chains. This interference by IL-13E13K blocks the biological activities of not only IL-13 but also partially of IL-4. Thus, IL-13E13K may be a useful agent for the treatment of diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and cancer, which are dependent on signaling through both IL-4 and IL-13 receptors.     

Biochemical analysis of a 5S rRNA-associated sub-particle from trypsinized eukaryotic ribosomes.

On limited trypsinization, eukaryotic ribosomes released sub-particles that comprised a 5S rRNA molecule and two peptides (a 32 kDa and a 14 kDa). By tryptic finger-printing and amino-terminal sequence analysis, these two peptides were determined to be derived from large subunit ribosomal protein L5 (rpL5). The 32 kDa peptide represents the rpL5 protein minus the amino terminal eight residues and the carboxyl terminal ends (approximately 21 residues), whereas the 14 kDa peptide comprised near the amino-terminal region. The time course of ribosome trypsinization revealed that the two peptides were released kinetically. The indicated that the amino and carboxyl terminal ends of rpL5 were the first to be hydrolyzed, suggesting that the two ends of the rpL5 protein were exposed on the surface of ribosomes. Exposure of the carboxyl-terminal end was confirmed by use of an anti-L5c antibody raised against the carboxyl terminal region of rpL5. The kinetic data also revealed that the nearby amino terminal region of rpL5 (represented by the 14 kDa peptide) was the last part of rpL5 to be hydrolyzed, which was considered to be the 5S rRNA binding site.     

Downregulation of messenger RNA levels for ribosomal proteins in differentiating HL-60 cells.

After differentiation induction in HL-60 cells by treatment with retinoic acid, phorbol ester, or dimethyl sulfoxide strong downregulation of the steady state mRNA level of the putative protein No. 3 of the large ribosomal subunit (rpL3) was observed. Downregulation was also observed in other hemopoietic human cell lines, although to a lesser extent. Four ribosomal protein mRNAs were compared in their degree of downregulation after differentiation induction or actinomycin D treatment. The comparatively fast response of rpL3 mRNA observed could indicate a regulatory function of rpL3 protein.     

Effects of IL-13 on TGF-β and MMP-1 in periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Interleukin (IL)-13 is a multifunctional T-helper type2 (Th2) cytokine that can diminish inflammatory responses. I investigated using ELISA the effects of IL-13 on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). MMP-1 was detected using immunohistochemistry. Gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with IL-13 or together with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). I found that macrophage-like cells, fibroblast-like cells, vascular endothelial cells and gingival epithelial cells were stained more intensely for MMP-1 and were observed more frequently in the periodontitis affected group than in the control group. The cultured gingival fibroblasts with IL-13 produced more TGF-β than unstimulated cells. After stimulation with additional TNF-α, MMP-1 production was diminished. IL-13 may play a role in regulating collagen homeostasis in gingival fibroblasts. IL-13 induces both up-regulation of TGF-β, a cytokine known to stimulate production of collagen, and down-regulation of collagen-destroying MMP-1 production. This effect may be strong during periodontitis when Th2 cells assist T cells.     

Regulated Nuclear Trafficking of rpL10A Mediated by NIK1 Represents a Defense Strategy of Plant Cells against Virus

The NSP-interacting kinase (NIK) receptor-mediated defense pathway has been identified recently as a virulence target of the geminivirus nuclear shuttle protein (NSP). However, the NIK1–NSP interaction does not fit into the elicitor–receptor model of resistance, and hence the molecular mechanism that links this antiviral response to receptor activation remains obscure. Here, we identified a ribosomal protein, rpL10A, as a specific partner and substrate of NIK1 that functions as an immediate downstream effector of NIK1-mediated response. Phosphorylation of cytosolic rpL10A by NIK1 redirects the protein to the nucleus where it may act to modulate viral infection. While ectopic expression of normal NIK1 or a hyperactive NIK1 mutant promotes the accumulation of phosphorylated rpL10A within the nuclei, an inactive NIK1 mutant fails to redirect the protein to the nuclei of co-transfected cells. Likewise, a mutant rpL10A defective for NIK1 phosphorylation is not redirected to the nucleus. Furthermore, loss of rpL10A function enhances susceptibility to geminivirus infection, resembling the phenotype of nik1 null alleles. We also provide evidence that geminivirus infection directly interferes with NIK1-mediated nuclear relocalization of rpL10A as a counterdefensive measure. However, the NIK1-mediated defense signaling neither activates RNA silencing nor promotes a hypersensitive response but inhibits plant growth and development. Although the virulence function of the particular geminivirus NSP studied here overcomes this layer of defense in Arabidopsis, the NIK1-mediated signaling response may be involved in restricting the host range of other viruses.