免疫抑制大鼠肺孢子菌合并呼吸道细菌感染的研究

目的 探讨免疫抑制兼肺孢子菌感染大鼠下呼吸道合并细菌感染的菌群种类及其影响因素.方法 用腹膜内注射地塞米松的方法建立免疫抑制大鼠并诱导肺孢子菌感染模型.免疫抑制的实验组动物再分为经呼吸道吸入乙醚麻醉组和不实施乙醚麻醉组,以了解乙醚对呼吸道感染的影响.此外,设不经任何处理的正常对照组.免疫抑制剂注射8周后处死大鼠,取肺组织制成肺印片,染色后进行肺孢子菌感染的病原学鉴定,同时取气管末端进行细菌培养和鉴定.结果 成功地建立了免疫抑制和肺孢子菌感染大鼠模型.乙醚麻醉组肺孢子菌感染率和菌体负荷均高于非乙醚麻醉组(P＜0.05).感染的菌种主要为双歧杆菌、大肠埃希菌、流感嗜血杆菌、丙酸丙酸杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、纤维单胞菌、放线菌及肺炎克雷伯杆菌.其中,麻醉组和非麻醉组下呼吸道细菌感染率有差异的是大肠埃希菌、流感嗜血杆菌、丙酸丙酸杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌(P＜0.05).结论 用乙醚麻醉方法建立大鼠肺孢子菌模型能有效提高大鼠感染肺孢子菌感染率和感染度,下呼吸道感染细菌多为混合感染且受乙醚麻醉影响.     

Predator-prey populations with parasitic infection

A predator-prey model, where both species are subjected to parasitism, is developed and analyzed. For the case where there is coexistence of the predator with the uninfected prey, an epidemic threshold theorem is proved. It is shown that in the case where the uninfected predator cannot survive only on uninfected prey, the parasitization could lead to persistence of the predator provided a certain threshold of transmission is surpassed.Support by the Central Research Fund of the University of Alberta is gratefully acknowledgedResearch partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant No. NSERC A4823     

伴播散性皮肤感染的系统性隐球菌病1例

患者女性,25岁,因发热咳嗽,全身皮肤丘疹、斑块、溃疡2个月于2005年8月13日住院。患者于2005年6月无诱因畏寒发热,无寒颤,体温39．0℃～40．0℃,为稽留热,继之出现咳嗽,伴少许黏液白痰,之后于上唇及右手腕皮肤出现丘疹、斑块,渐形成溃疡,皮损无明显痒痛,1个月后皮损泛发全身。     

Disseminated infection with Conidiobolus incongruus

The first fatal case of disseminated infection due to Conidiobolus incongruus is reported. The patient presented with a subcutaneous mass, febrility, weight loss, cough and hemoptysis. Histological examination of skin and subcutaneous tissue, lung, lymph nodes, esophagus, liver and jejunum showed a granulomatous reaction with bright eosinophilic amorphous material and broad hyphae. A fungus cultured from skin and subcutaneous tissue was identified as Conidiobolus incongruus.     

Spreading disease with transport-related infection

Transportation among regions is found as one of the main factors which affect the outbreak of diseases. It will change the disease dynamics and break infection out even if infectious diseases will go to extinction in each city without transport-related infection. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to demonstrate the dynamics of such disease propagation between two regions (or cities) due to the population dispersal and infection on transports. Further, our analysis shows that transport-related infection intensifies the disease spread if infectious diseases break out to cause an endemic situation in each region, in the sense that both the absolute and relative size of patients increase. This suggests that it is very essential to strengthen restrictions of passengers once we know infectious diseases appeared.     

Experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Entamoeba histolytica mimics human infection

Experimental infection of Entamoeba histolytica was successfully established in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Parasites of proven pathogenicity maintained through liver passage in hamsters were used in this study. Laparotomized monkeys were inoculated intracecally/intrahepatically with trophozoites, or by oral administration of cysts (2000 cysts/ml). The cysts were isolated from an infected human stool sample. Formation of typical amebic lesions in the inoculated tissues along with alterations in hematologic indices were studied in the infected monkeys. All the experimentally inoculated monkeys showed leukocytosis and mild neutrophilia, while the hemoglobin content and levels of blood sugar and blood urea remained unaltered during the post-infection period. Specific antiamebic antibodies were readily detectable in post-infected sera.     

宫颈不同疾病患者合并HPV感染的 病原菌感染状况及免疫功能

目的调查分析宫颈不同疾病患者合并人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的病原菌感染状况及免疫功能。方法选择2015年3月至2018年1月在我院就诊的96例宫颈不同疾病患者为研究组,其中宫颈炎组18例,宫颈上皮内瘤变组54例(CINⅠ组15例,CINⅡ组17例,CINⅢ组22例),宫颈癌组24例;并以同期在我院进行体检的80例健康女性为对照组,检测所有研究对象的HPV感染、阴道菌群情况和宫颈分泌物CD_4~+、CD_8~+细胞数。结果研究组HPV感染率明显高于对照组(P0.05);宫颈炎组、CIN组、宫颈癌组HPV感染率呈上升趋势,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。宫颈炎组、CINⅠ组、CINⅡ组、CINⅢ组、宫颈癌组细菌性阴道病(BV)、解脲支原体(UU)和衣原体(CT)感染率呈上升趋势,宫颈癌组与宫颈炎组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各组间人型支原体(MH)、滴虫和霉菌的感染率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。宫颈炎组、CINⅠ组、CINⅡ组、CINⅢ组、宫颈癌组CD_4~+T细胞表达阳性率呈下降趋势,宫颈癌组与宫颈炎组、CINⅠ组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CINⅢ组与宫颈炎组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CD_8~+T细胞表达阳性率呈上升趋势,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);CD_4~+/CD_8~+1患者所占比例呈上升趋势,宫颈癌组、CINⅢ组、CINⅡ组与宫颈炎组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HPV感染、病原菌感染及免疫功能下降与宫颈病变发生发展密切相关,临床中应给予足够重视并及时进行有效干预。     

老年大肠埃希菌血流感染患者的临床分析

为探讨老年大肠埃希菌血流感染患者的临床特点及药敏结果,回顾性分析徐州医科大学附属医院2013年1月-2016年12月340例大肠埃希菌血流感染老年患者的临床资料及药敏结果,采用SPSS软件进行分析。结果显示,患者均合并基础疾病(恶性肿瘤、高血压病、糖尿病、肺部感染等);感染途径主要为消化道(38.5%)、呼吸道(36.8%)和泌尿道(22.6%);检出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrum β-lactamase,ESBL)大肠埃希菌96例(28.2%);ESBL阳性菌对氨苄西林、复方磺胺甲恶唑、环丙沙星、哌拉西林、第3代头孢、左氧氟沙星的耐药率均高;所有菌株均对碳青霉烯类敏感。结果提示,该院老年大肠埃希菌血流感染患者均合并基础疾病,常见感染途径是消化道、呼吸道和泌尿道,ESBL阳性大肠埃希菌除对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物敏感外,对多种抗菌药物耐药。     

Simulating Epstein-Barr virus infection with C-ImmSim

MOTIVATION: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects greater than 90% of humans benignly for life but can be associated with tumors. It is a uniquely human pathogen that is amenable to quantitative analysis; however, there is no applicable animal model. Computer models may provide a virtual environment to perform experiments not possible in human volunteers. RESULTS: We report the application of a relatively simple stochastic cellular automaton (C-ImmSim) to the modeling of EBV infection. Infected B-cell dynamics in the acute and chronic phases of infection correspond well to clinical data including the establishment of a long term persistent infection (up to 10 years) that is absolutely dependent on access of latently infected B cells to the peripheral pool where they are not subject to immunosurveillance. In the absence of this compartment the infection is cleared. AVAILABILITY: The latest version 6 of C-ImmSim is available under the GNU General Public License and is downloadable from www.iac.cnr.it/~filippo/cimmsim.html     

Association of EBV infection with lymphomas

The diagnostic reliability of the IgA immunoblot test in the diagnosis of EBV associated lymphomas was examined. Serum samples from patients with clinically diagnosed lymphomas were tested for the presence of EBV specific IgG and IgA antibodies and based on test results the EBV association with lymphoma was estimated. Obtained results indicated that EBV IgA testing may be helpful in diagnosis of EBV association with lymphomas.