湖南植物志资料（一）木兰科、八角科、五味子科、樟科、水马齿科补遗

本文报道了湖南植物新记录共计１１种,隶属于５科１０属．归并樟科植物３种２变种：将石木姜子ＬｉｔｓｅａｆａｂｅｒｉＨｅｍｓｌ．和近轮叶木姜子Ｌ．ｓｕｂｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌａｔａＹａｎｇ归入黄丹木姜子Ｌ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ（Ｗａｌｌ．ｅｘＮｅｅｓ）Ｂｅｎｔｈ．ｅｔＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．,将长梗绒楠ＭａｃｈｉｌｕｓｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．ｖａｒ．ｌｉｎｇｉｐｅｄｕｎｃｕｌａｔａＣ．Ｊ．Ｑｉ归入绒毛润楠Ｍ．ｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．,将短梗新木姜子ＮｅｏｌｉｔｓｅａｂｒｅｖｉｐｅｓＨ．Ｗ．Ｌｉ归入美丽新木姜子Ｎ．ｐｕｌｃｈｅｌｌａ（Ｍｅｉｓｓｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．,将紫云山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．ｖａｒ．ｐｕｂｅｎｓＹａｎｇｅｔＰ．Ｈ．Ｈｕａｎｇ归入巫山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．．     

一种新的脉冲电泳分子量标记*

在脉冲电泳（ｐｕｌｓｅｄ－ｆｉｅｌｄ　ｇｅｌ　ｅｌｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｒｅｓｉｓ,ＰＦＧＥ）研究中,经常使用的分子量标记有啤酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｃｅｒｅｖｅｓｌａｅ）和粟酒裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｐｏｍｂｅ）的染色体完整ＤＮＡ。其中,啤酒酵母（如菌株ＹＮＮ２９５）有１６条染色体,分子量变化范围为０．２５Ｍｂ～２．２Ｍｂ（ＭｃＣｌｕｓｋｅｙｅｌａｌ,１９９０）,适于作为小于２．２Ｍｂ的染色体ＤＮＡ的分子量标记;粟酒裂殖酵母（如菌株９７２ｈ－）有３条染色体,分子量…     

新疆几种昼出性蝴蝶的更正（鳞翅目）

本文订正黄人鑫和村山修一（１９９２）在《蝶と蛾》（４３卷１期）上发表的几个蝴蝶新种和新亚种。１．ＰａｒｎａｓｉｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓｈａｌａｓｉｃｕｓＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｐａｒｎａｓｉｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓ（Ｆａｂｒ．１７９３）的新异名。２．ＰａｒｎａｓｉｕｓａｒｉａｄｎｅｊｉａｄｅｎｇｙｕｅｎｓｉｓＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｄｒｉｏｐａ（Ｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｄｉｏｐａ）ａｒｉａｄｎｅａｒｉａｄｎｅ（Ｋｉｎｄｅｒｍａｎｎ,１８５３）的新异名。３．ＰｏｎｔｉａｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅｈａｌａｓｉａＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｓｙｎｃｈｌｏｅｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ）的新异名。４．ＭｅｌｉｔａｅａｓｃｏｔｏｓｉａｗｅｉｗｕｅｒｉａＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为ＭｅｌｉｔａｅａｓｃｏｔｏｓｉａｂｕｔｌｅｒｉＨｉｇｇｉｎｓ的新异名。     

猕猴属6个种的rDNA变异及其系统进化关系

以人２８Ｓ,１８Ｓ,ｒＤＮＡ为探针,用１５种限制性内切酶构建了猕猴属６个种（Ｍ．ｍｕｌａｔｔａ,Ｍ．ｆａｃｓｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓｆＭ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｄｅｓ,Ｍ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ．Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａ．Ｍ。ｎｅｍｅｓｔｒｉｎａ）和滇金丝猴Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｂｉｅｔｉ）,白颊长臂猿（Ｈｙｌｏｂａｔｅｓｌｅｕｃｏｇｅｎｙｓ）核糖体ＤＮＡ重复单位的限制性内切酶图谱,红面猴（Ｍ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｅｓ）与     

不同环境条件下沙生植物的CO2气体交换研究

对腾格里沙坡头地区两种沙生植物：油蒿（ＡｒｔｅｍｉｓｉｓａｏｒｄｏｓｉｃａＫｒａｓｃｈ．）和柠条（ＣａｒａｇａｎａｋｏｒｓｈｉｎｓｋｉｉＫｏｍ）。在旱季和雨季时ＣＯ２气体交换特点及其动态变化进行了研究,结果表明：在干旱条件下,油蒿（Ａ）和柠条（Ｃ）的光合作用均受到严重影响,其光合率率日变化日出后（７：００－９：ａ．ｍ．）有一较小高峰外,基本处于很低水平。降水后,Ａ和Ｃ的光合作用均明显提高,但Ｐｎ     

中国白菜RAPD分子遗传图谱的构建

以芜菁（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ Ｌ．ｓｓｐ．ｒａｐｉｆｅｒａ Ｍｅｔｚｇ）和结球白菜（Ｂ．ｃａｒｎｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ Ｌ．ｓｓｐ ．Ｐｌｋｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌｏｕｒ．）Ｏｉｓｓｏｎ）杂交的Ｆ２群体为试材,采用ＲＡＰＤ标记,用８４个１０核苷酸随机引物构建了白菜的ＲＡＰＤ遗传图谱。该图谱覆盖基因组的１６３２．４ｃＭ（ｃｅｒｔｉ Ｍｏｒｇａｎ）标记间的平均间隔为１６．５ｃＭ。其中最长的连锁群为     

第二信使介导模拟低氧下丘脑CRF分泌

用模拟高原低氧的方法研究急性低氧条件下促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（ｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｔｒｏｐｉｎ－ｒｅｌｅａｓｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＣＲＦ）分泌的变化及第二信使参与ＣＲＦ分泌的作用。低氧（海拔７ｋｍ）１ｈ后,正中隆起（ｍｅｄｉａｎｅｍｉｎｅｎｃｅ,ＭＥ）处ＣＲＦ含量明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）,下丘脑（ｈｙｐｏｔｈａｌａｍｕｓ,Ｈｙ）ＣＲＦ（不含ＭＥ）含量无明显变化,而Ｈｙ内ｃＡＭＰ含量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。脑室注射Ｆｏｒｓｋｌｉｎ、ＴＰＡ后低氧暴露（海拔５ｋｍ）１ｈ,ＭＥＣＲＦ含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５;Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＨｙＣＲＦ无明显变化。脑室注射Ｆｏｒｓｋｌｉｎ后ＨｙｃＡＭＰ含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。脑室注射Ｈ７和ＰＫＡ抑制剂,ＭＥＣＲＦ升高（Ｐ＜０．０５;Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＨｙＣＲＦ和ＨｙｃＡＭＰ均无显著变化。上述结果表明急性低氧应激中ＣＲＦ分泌显著增加,第二信使通路ＰＫＡ和ＰＫＣ通路均参与ＣＲＦ分泌     

枯草芽孢杆菌（B—912）对桃和油桃褐腐病的抑制效果

研究了不同处理的枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ（Ｂ－９１２））在不同贮藏温度下对采后桃（Ｐｒｕｎｕｓ ｐｅｒｓｉｃａ Ｌ．）和油桃（Ｐ．ｐｅｒｓｉｃａ ｖａｒ．ｎｅｃｔａｒｉｎａ Ｍａｘｉｍ．）褐腐病（Ｍｏｎｉｌｉｎｉａｆｒｕｃｔｉｃｏｌａ（Ｇ．Ｗｉｎｔ）Ｈｏｎｅｙ）的防治效果。２５℃和１５℃贮藏温度下油桃的发病率一般高于桃,但在冷藏期间其发病率却一般低于桃。１０＾６ＣＦＵ／Ｍ     

沟稃草属研究札记

本文对沟稃草属Ａｎｉｓｅｂｙｔｒｏｎ Ｍｅｒｒｉｌｌ的系统分类进行了初步的整理与修订。认为Ａｕｌａｃｏｌｅｐｉｓ Ｈａｃｋｅｌ（１９０７）（Ｎｅｏａｕｌａｃｏｌｅｐｉｓ Ｓ．Ｒａｕｓｃｈｅｒｔ（１９８２）ｐｒｏ ｎｏｍ．ｎｏｖ．Ａｕｌａｃｄｅｐｉｓ）ｎｏｎ Ｃ．ｖ．Ｅｉｔｉｎｇｓｈａｕｓｅｎ（１８９３）、Ａｎｉｓｅｌｙｔｒｏｎ Ｍｅｒｒｉｌｌ（１９１０）与Ａｎｉｓａｃｈｎｅ Ｋｅｎｇ（１９５８）是     

柑橘抗寒育种早期鉴定的一种指标

以５个抗寒性不同的柑橘品种或杂交后代：“山金柑”（ＦｏｒｔｕｎｅｌａｈｉｎｄｓｉＳｗｉｎｇｌｅ）、“伏令夏橙”（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．Ｖａｌｅｎｃｉａ）、“伏令夏橙”＋“宁波金柑”（Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｃｖ．Ｖａｌｅｎｃｉａ＋Ｆ．ｃｒａｓｉｆｏｌｉａＳｗｉｎｇ．ｃｖ．Ｍｅｉｗａ）、“Ｐａｇｅ”橘柚（Ｃ．ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａＢｌａｎｃｏ×Ｃ．ｇｒａｎｄｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．Ｐａｇｅ）、“Ｍｕｒｃｏｔ”橘橙（Ｃ．ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａＢｌａｎｃｏ×Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．Ｍｕｒｃｏｔ）为材料,研究了低温锻炼期间柑橘原生质体抗寒性的变化及其田间植株的冬季抗寒性,表明离体原生质体抗寒性与田间植株抗寒性之间有显著的正相关,因而前者可以作为衡量后者的指标。     

小麦抗禾缢管蚜的生化研究

通过福林法、葸酮法、滴定法等分别测定了不同抗蚜性小麦品种植株中酚、糖含量及酸度。结果表明：小麦对禾缢管蚜尺Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus)的抗性与小麦体内酚含量有关,抗性强的小麦其体内含酚量相对高,反之低。同时小麦抗性的强弱与体内糖含量,酸度亦有相关性。另外还测走了在不同抗性小麦品种上生长的蚜虫体内淀粉酶及羧酸酯酶的活性,结果表明在抗性强的小麦品种上生长的蚜虫体内淀粉酶,羧酸酯酶活性强,反之弱。     

Metabolite database for root,tuber, and banana crops to facilitate modern breeding in understudied crops

Roots, tubers, and bananas (RTB) are vital staples for food security in the world's poorest nations. A major constraint to current RTB breeding programmes is limited knowledge on the available diversity due to lack of efficient germplasm characterization and structure. In recent years large‐scale efforts have begun to elucidate the genetic and phenotypic diversity of germplasm collections and populations and, yet, biochemical measurements have often been overlooked despite metabolite composition being directly associated with agronomic and consumer traits. Here we present a compound database and concentration range for metabolites detected in the major RTB crops: banana (Musa spp.), cassava (Manihot esculenta), potato (Solanum tuberosum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and yam (Dioscorea spp.), following metabolomics‐based diversity screening of global collections held within the CGIAR institutes. The dataset including 711 chemical features provides a valuable resource regarding the comparative biochemical composition of each RTB crop and highlights the potential diversity available for incorporation into crop improvement programmes. Particularly, the tropical crops cassava, sweet potato and banana displayed more complex compositional metabolite profiles with representations of up to 22 chemical classes (unknowns excluded) than that of potato, for which only metabolites from 10 chemical classes were detected. Additionally, over 20% of biochemical signatures remained unidentified for every crop analyzed. Integration of metabolomics with the on‐going genomic and phenotypic studies will enhance ’omics‐wide associations of molecular signatures with agronomic and consumer traits via easily quantifiable biochemical markers to aid gene discovery and functional characterization.     

家蚕血液过氧化氢酶活力及其与蚕体抗逆性的关系

家蚕召Bombyx mori(L.)血液过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力随发育时期呈现有规律的动态变化。在幼虫期,CAT活力以龄初、龄末较高,而龄中较低;化蛹后,CAT活力迅速上升,至中期达到峰值,随后迅速下降直至羽化。不同性别间CAT活力均以雄性较高;不同蚕品种间CAT活力有很大差异;饲料对CAT活力有一定影响,人工饲料育蚕CAT活力略大于桑叶育的;高温冲击和氟化物添食都能引起CAT活力的显著变化,但变化的幅度因品种、性别、时期和添食剂量而有所不同。研究认为,家蚕血液CAT活力与其发育变态、体内代谢均具有密切关系,逆境条件下CAT活力变化幅度的大小可以作为家蚕抗逆性强弱的一个重要生理指标。     

Biomarkers in fish from dioxin-contaminated fjords

Abstract

The Grenland fjords, southern Norway, have been heavily contaminated by dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) over decades through inputs from a magnesium smelter. Despite radically decreased inputs since 1990, there are still high levels of dioxins in both biotic and abiotic components of the fjords. The aim of the study was to establish whether biomarkers’ responses in three fish species, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), sea-trout (anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta L.) and flounder (Platichthys flesus L.), could be used to discern the effects in the most contaminated ecosystem, Frierfjord, from the effects in the adjacent, less-contaminated ecosystem, Eidangerfjord. Biomarker responses clearly indicated that the three fish species were affected by dioxin exposure. Phase I responses in cod and trout could be used to differentiate exposure in the two fjord ecosystems. Phase II responses (glutathione S-transferase) in cod and trout similarly indicated a higher dioxin exposure in Frierfjord compared with Eidangerfjord. Results for glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase indicated different exposure levels in the two fjords, but also showed seasonal variability, and the results highlighted the need for baseline data for these biomarkers.     

Biomarkers in fish from dioxin-contaminated fjords

The Grenland fjords, southern Norway, have been heavily contaminated by dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) over decades through inputs from a magnesium smelter. Despite radically decreased inputs since 1990, there are still high levels of dioxins in both biotic and abiotic components of the fjords. The aim of the study was to establish whether biomarkers' responses in three fish species, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), sea-trout (anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta L.) and flounder (Platichthys flesus L.), could be used to discern the effects in the most contaminated ecosystem, Frierfjord, from the effects in the adjacent, less-contaminated ecosystem, Eidangerfjord. Biomarker responses clearly indicated that the three fish species were affected by dioxin exposure. Phase I responses in cod and trout could be used to differentiate exposure in the two fjord ecosystems. Phase II responses (glutathione S-transferase) in cod and trout similarly indicated a higher dioxin exposure in Frierfjord compared with Eidangerfjord. Results for glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase indicated different exposure levels in the two fjords, but also showed seasonal variability, and the results highlighted the need for baseline data for these biomarkers.     

菠萝叶片色泽、色素及抗氧化活性的关系

以菠萝22个栽培品种的叶片为实验材料,测定其5种色泽参数（L^*、a^*、b^*、c^*和h^*值）、5种色素（叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青苷、类黄酮和总酚）含量及3种抗氧化活性指标（ABTS、DPPH自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除能力）,并进行相关性分析。研究结果显示,色泽参数a^*和h^*值可以作为菠萝叶片指示色泽、主要色素含量和抗氧化活性变化的重要指标;菠萝叶片主要色素组成是叶绿素、类黄酮和总酚,且含有少量的花青苷,几乎不含类胡萝卜素。相关性分析结果显示,菠萝叶片类黄酮和总酚含量均与3种抗氧化活性指标极显著正相关,而叶绿素含量与其它指标相关性未达到显著水平,类黄酮和总酚是菠萝叶片抗氧化活性的主要功效成分。     

水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi-d（t）^1、Pi-b、Pi-tα^2的聚合及分子标记选择

冈46B(G46B)是水稻生产应用中的一个农艺性状十分优良的保持系,其主要的缺陷是稻瘟病抗性较弱,通过对地谷,BL-1,Pi-4号等三个分别含抗病基因Pi-d(t)^1、Pi-b、Pi-tα^2的稻瘟病抗性材料与G46B聚合杂交,并利用抗病基因连锁的分子标记对杂交后代进行辅助选择,在聚合杂交的F2代及B1C1代群体中共获得了15株含Pi-d(t)^1、Pi-b、Pi-tα^2等三个抗稻瘟病基因的材料,其可能的基因型分别为：三基因杂合体Pi-d(t)^1pi-d(t)^1,Pi-bpi-b／Pi-tα^2 pi-tα^2 4株,双基因杂合体10株,其中Pi-d(t)^1Pi-d(t)^1／Pi-bpi-b／Pi-tα^2pi-tα^2 6株,Pi-d(t)^1pi-d(t)^1／Pi-bpi-b／Pi-tα^2Pi-tα^2 3株,Pi-d(t)^1pi-d(t)^1,Pi-bPi-6,Pi-tα^2 pi-tα^2 1株,双基因纯合体Pi-d(t)^1Pi-d(t)^1/Pi-bpi-b/Pi-tα^2Pi-tα^2仅1株,这一研究结果为进一步改良G46B的稻瘟病抗性奠定了基础,同时这一研究结果表明利用分子标记可快速、有效地实现多个抗病基因的聚合,大大提高水稻抗病育种的效率。     

桂林七星公园猕猴的食物组成及季节性变化

觅食是动物最重、最常见的行为,动物通过觅食获取其生长发育、繁殖和运动所需要的营养与能量.