1,3-丙二醇产生菌的诱变育种及培养基优化

以实验室自然筛选的克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella sp.)为出发株,采用紫外诱变及亚硝基胍和超声波协同处理获得一株1,3-丙二醇高产突变株。在摇瓶发酵中,其产1,3-丙二醇产量由17.39 g/L提高到24.11 g/L,提高38.64%。变异株经10次传代培养,发酵能力稳定。对发酵培养基成分进行了优化,优化后1,3-丙二醇产量为30.05g/L,为优化前的1.25倍。     

添加表面活性剂改善丁醇萃取发酵性能

研究了各种表面活性剂对丁醇萃取发酵的影响。丁醇发酵中有大量H2、CO2气体生成,生成的气泡携带发酵溶剂产物（丁醇、丙酮）进入萃取液相,促进了水相中发酵毒性产物向萃取液相的移动。研究发现,表面活性剂可以降低气-液膜的表面张力,促使大气泡破碎,从而使发酵产气以较小气泡的形式穿过萃取液相。添加表面活性剂可以强化发酵溶剂产物从水相到萃取相的移除速度,缩短发酵产物在油水两相中达到平衡的时间。有利于提高发酵生产强度。以地沟生物柴油为萃取剂,吐温-80的添加量为质量分数0．140％时,与对照相比（无表面活性剂的萃取发酵）,相同发酵时间内萃取相中丁醇体积分数提高了21．2％．总溶剂生产强唐也提高了16．5％．     

L-亮氨酸发酵培养基优化试验

应用Plackett-Burman设计试验从L-亮氨酸基础发酵培养基的10种成分中筛选出5种重要成分,然应用响应面分析试验确定5种重要成分的最适用量。培养基优化后摇瓶分批发酵72h产L-亮氨酸18.05g/L     

L-缬氨酸产生菌的选育及其发酵培养基的优化

以黄色短杆菌(Brevibacterium flavum)NJ-237为出发菌株,通过梯度传代适应性培养及同浓度药物平板富集培养的方式,逐步提高菌体的抗药物性能,获得了1株耐高糖和耐高浓度α-氨基丁酸(-αAB)的菌株NJ-2372。在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面分析法对影响该菌株L-缬氨酸(L-Val)产量的3个重要因素玉米浆、生物素(VH)、硫胺素(VB1)的添加量进行优化。结果表明:当玉米浆、VH、VB1最佳添加量分别为11 g/L、35μg/L和101μg/L时,摇瓶发酵72 h,L-Val摇瓶发酵产量达到52.9 g/L。     

2,3-丁二醇生产菌株生产能力的比较和培养基优化

对5株克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌 (包括两株乳酸途径被敲除的工程菌株) 发酵生产2,3-丁二醇能力进行了比较,其中K. pneumonia HR521 LDH (乳酸合成途径中ldhA基因被敲除) 具有最佳的发酵性能。通过正交试验优化了其发酵培养基的主要组分,优化后的培养基组成为：葡萄糖 90 g/L,(NH4)2HPO4 3 g/L,玉米浆 (CLSP) 6 g/L,乙酸钠 5 g/L,KCl 0.4 g/L,MgSO4 0.1 g/L,FeSO4·7H2O 0.02 g/L,MnSO4 0.01 g/L。在优化后的发酵培养基中进行摇瓶发酵,24 h发酵乙偶姻和2,3-丁二醇的终浓度为37.46 g/L,比未优化前增加了10 g/L,2,3-丁二醇得率达到了理论得率的90.53％,生产强度1.56 g/(L·h),检测不到副产物乳酸的生成,利于后提取工艺的进行和工业生产的应用。     

响应面法优化毛霉菌发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法优化毛霉菌B的发酵培养基,首先通过单因素试验筛选出葡萄糖为最适碳源,酵母膏和玉米浆为最适氮源,用Plackett—Burman试验对葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆、MgSO4、FeSO4、NILCl/、HPO4进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素：葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆,再通过最陡爬坡试验逼近其最大响应区域,最后采用Box—Behnken试验对其用量进行优化,得到毛霉菌最佳发酵培养基（g/L）：葡萄糖51．54,酵母膏5．22,玉米浆14．31,MgSO40．5,FeSO40．1,NH4Cl3,k2HPO43,pH6．0～6．5。培养基优化后,毛霉生物量由23．51g／L提高至31．13g/L,比对照组提高32．41％,腺嘌呤转化率由53．59％提高至59．97％,ATP产率由6．56g／L提高至7．34g／L,比对照组提高11．89％。     

Response surface methodology for optimization of Mucor fermentation medium

采用响应面分析方法优化毛霉菌B的发酵培养基,首先通过单因素试验筛选出葡萄糖为最适碳源,酵母膏和玉米浆为最适氮源,用Plackett-Burman试验对葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆、MgSO4、FeSO4、NH4Cl、K2 HPO4进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素:葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆,再通过最陡爬坡试验逼近其最大响应区域,最后采用Box-Behnken试验对其用量进行优化,得到毛霉菌最佳发酵培养基(g/L):葡萄糖51.54,酵母膏5.22,玉米浆14.31,MgSO4 0.5,FeSO40.1,NH4Cl3,K2HPO43,pH 6.0～6.5.培养基优化后,毛霉生物量由23.51 g/L提高至31.13g/L,比对照组提高32.41％,腺嘌呤转化率由53.59％提高至59.97％,ATP产率由6.56 g/L提高至7.34g/L,比对照组提高11.89％.     

响应面分析优化L-色氨酸清液发酵培养基

L-色氨酸是八种必需氨基酸之一,随着L-色氨酸应用市场的不断扩大,进行发酵法生产L-色氨酸的研究具有重要的现实意义。为了提高L-色氨酸产量,本文利用响应面分析法对L-色氨酸清液发酵培养基进行优化。利用优化培养基进行发酵,考察清液发酵对L-色氨酸发酵过程中生物量、L-色氨酸产量、副产物生成量的影响。结果表明:在优化条件下利用清液发酵培养基发酵,乙酸含量与原工艺相比降低了(6.75±1.26)%,L-色氨酸产量提高了(16.54±1.15)%,实验值与响应面分析预测值基本相符。     

响应面法优化多杀菌素发酵培养基的研究

采用响应面分析方法,对刺糖多孢茵（Saccharopolyspora spinosa）H-2产多杀菌素的发酵培养基进行优化研究。运用单因子试验筛选出葡萄糖和棉籽粉为最适碳源和氮源,通过Plack—ett—Burman设计试验,对影响发酵培养基的8个相关因子进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的4个因子：葡萄糖、棉籽粉、黄豆饼粉及玉米浆。通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法,确定发酵产多杀菌素最佳培养基为葡萄糖64．5g,麦芽糖20g,玉米浆2g,大豆油40g,棉籽粉25g,黄豆饼粉2．4g,蛋白胨25g,CaCO35g,定容至1L,pH7．0。培养基优化后多杀菌素产量由278．1mg／L提高到508．7mg／L,比初始多杀茵素产量提高了1．83倍。     

Improvement of erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea in molasses based medium through cultivation medium optimization

In the present work, erythromycin production was carried out in submerged culture using Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Different experiments were conducted to optimize the cultivation medium through the change of carbon and nitrogen sources to cheaper one in order to reduce the cost of medium and to utilize sugar cane molasses as one of major sugar industry by-products in Egypt. It was found that the addition of sugar cane molasses a sole carbon source at a concentration of 60 g/l accompanied by corn steep liquor (as organic N-source) in combination with ammonium sulphate (as inorganic N-source) gave the maximal erythromycin production. The antibiotic production in this medium reached about 600 mg/l which is about 33% higher than the value obtained in glucose based medium. On the other hand, the addition of n-propanol in concentration of 1% (v/v) increased the antibiotic production reaching about 720 mg/l after 144 h. Concluding, the new medium formulation based on cheap carbon source, sugar cane molasses, was a good alternative solution for the production of erythromycin economically.     

Improvement of pristinamycin production by genome shuffling and medium optimization for Streptomyces pristinaespiralis

To isolate an improved pristinamycin producing strain of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, the technique of Genome shuffling was used which resulted in a high-yield recombinant G 3-56 strain. Strain G 3-56 yielded 322 ± 17 mg/L of pristinamycin which was 11.4-fold higher than that of the initial strain and 3.7-fold higher than strain UN-78 which previously had the highest yield of pristinamycin. The genetic characteristics of the recombinant G 3-56 strain was stable as revealed by our subculture experiments. The optimal production medium was determined using the orthogonal matrix method. Under the optimal medium conditions, the maximum yield of pristinamycin was 412 mg/L with about 1.24-fold higher than the original medium.     

ARTP诱变选育葡萄糖氧化酶高产菌株及发酵条件优化

利用常压室温等离子体诱变技术对产葡萄糖氧化酶的黑曲霉菌株进行诱变处理,通过平板筛选以及摇瓶复筛选出8株酶活较高的菌株,其中产酶活力最高的突变株为PCTC-8,酶活达到14.36 U/m L,较初始菌株的酶活提高了117.25%。然后在优化培养基的基础之上通过单因素实验对诱变菌株的发酵条件进行优化,最终确定最优的发酵条件为:接种量10%,装液量30 m L,种龄24 h,发酵时间48 h,转速225 r/min,在此条件下最高酶活可达到93.26 U/m L。     

Improvement of astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma through mutation and optimization of culture conditions

Phaffia rhodozyma strains were treated with the mutagenic agent NTG several times and plated onto yeast-malt agar containing β-ionone as a selective medium. One of the NTG-treated strains (NCHU-FS301) produced considerably more astaxanthin than the parent CBS-6938 (strain NCHU-FS301 produced 1515.63 μg/g and CBS-6938 565.08 μg/l). When the kinetic parameters of the specific growth rate (μ) and specific astaxanthin productivity (q_p) were used to judge the association between growth behavior and product formation, NCHU-FS301 was shown to be a more positive growth-associated fermentation type than the parent strain. A study of the effects of the carbon source on red pigment formation revealed that glucose could support the highest total astaxanthin production (7809.3 μg/l). Yeast extract was the best nitrogen source in supporting the highest total astaxanthin formation (8637.5 μg/l). When mixed nitrogen sources were used, a mixture of yeast extract, beef extract, and potassium nitrate (1:1:1) supported more pigmentation (8052.6 μg/l) than the other mixtures tested. Astaxanthin-overproducing mutants could be useful in providing a natural source of astaxanthin for the aquacultural industry.     

Enhanced doxorubicin production by Streptomyces peucetius using a combination of classical strain mutation and medium optimization

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DXR), which is produced by Streptomyces peucetius, is an important anthracycline-type antibiotic used for the treatment of various cancers. However, due to the low DXR productivity of wild-type S. peucetius, it is difficult to produce DXR by one-step fermentation. In this study, a DXR-resistance screening method was developed to screen for DXR high-producing mutants. Then, S. peucetius SIPI-11 was treated several times with UV and ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma) to induce mutations. Treated strains were screened by spreading on a DXR-containing plate, isolating a mutant (S. peucetius 33-24) with enhanced DXR yield (570?mg/L vs. 119?mg/L for the original strain). The components of the fermentation medium, including the carbon and nitrogen sources, were optimized to further enhance DXR yield (to 850?mg/L). The pH of the fermentation medium and culture temperature were also optimized for effective DXR production. Finally, DXR production by S. peucetius 33-24 was investigated in flask culture and a fermenter. The yield of DXR was as high as 1100?mg/L in a 5-L fermenter, which is the highest DXR productivity reported thus far, suggesting that S. peucetius 33-24 has the potential to produce DXR by direct fermentation.     

Production of tylosin byStreptomyces fradiae in palm oil medium

Streptomyces fradiae (NRRL 2702) produced tylosin when cultured on a synthetic defined medium M3. Palm oil, palm kernel oil and their fractions, as well as fatty acids and glycerol were investigated to serve as the major carbon source in shake flask culture. The lipids, glycerol and fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid but not oleic or lauric acid, were suitable for growth and tylosin production. For palmitic acid, at 168 h, the dry cell yield and tylosin production were 8.9 mg/ml and 0.84 mg/g cell mass respectively.     

Design and optimization of fermentation medium for enhanced bacteriocin production by probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium MC13

Statistics-based experimental designs were used to develop a cost-effective medium for enhanced production of viable cells and bacteriocin by probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC13. Carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources were first screened by one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) methods. In order to increase yield production, the selected variables were further statistically optimized using response-surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The maximum and minimum levels of the selected variables were determined and a set of 34 experimental runs was performed. The optimum concentrations of the tested variables for production of viable cells (12.24 log CFU mL(-1)) and bacteriocin activity (25,600 AU mL(-1)) were tryptone (10.0 g/L), peptone (6.0 g/L), maltose (3.0 g/L), glucose (9.0 g/L), NaCl (15.0 g/L), sodium citrate (2.5 g/L), sodium acetate (1.0 g/L), and dipotassium PO(4) (0.1 g/L). Threefold increased yield of bacteriocin was achieved in optimized medium compared to the unoptimized counterpart, and this was two times less cost than commercial MRS medium.     

通过优化表达元件及培养基组分提高地衣芽胞杆菌中碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶产量

【背景】碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶(Subtilisin)是一种具有广泛用途的工业酶制剂。【目的】旨在通过优化启动子、信号肽及培养基组分来提高地衣芽胞杆菌中碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶产量。【方法】以地衣芽胞杆菌BL10为出发菌株,构建了含有4种不同类型启动子(PbacA、P43、PaprE和PsrfA)及4种不同类型信号肽(SPVpr、SPSacB、SPSacC和SPAprE)的碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶表达菌株,并在获得高产菌株的基础上进行培养基优化。【结果】4种启动子的表达水平为PbacAPaprEP43PsrfA,4种信号肽的分泌效率为SPAprESPSacCSPSacBSPVpr。其中,菌株BL10/pPbacA-aprE产生最高的碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶酶活(275.21 U/mL),相比于出发菌株BL10/pHY-aprE (167.98 U/mL)提高了64%。随后,通过对发酵培养基成分进行优化并结合正交优化,获得了一种高产碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶的培养基(g/L):玉米淀粉40.0,豆粕50.0,(NH4)2SO4 4.0,K2HPO4 3.0,CaCO3 1.0。最后,碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶酶活提高到747.37 U/mL,是初始酶活的4.45倍。【结论】为工业化高产碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶提供了一种有效策略。     

Daptomycin antibiotic production processes in fed-batch fermentation by Streptomyces roseosporus NRRL11379 with precursor effect and medium optimization

Sodium decanoate was first found to be an effective precursor for synthesis of daptomycin from Streptomyces roseosporus NRRL11379 which was increased to 71.55-fold, compared with decanoic acid. The optimal flow rate of precursor was at 600 mg/(L day) after 48 h fermentation. From protein analysis via SDS-PAGE and identification of Tandem MS/MS afterwards, it deciphered that guanosine pentaphosphate synthetase, PNPase, tripeptidylamino peptidase primarily dealing with daptomycin synthesis. By applying Taguchi’s L16 in culture optimization, the best yield was obtained from the medium with 60 g/L dextrin, 10 g/L dextrose, 1.0 g/L molasses, and 8 g/L yeast extract, respectively. The fed-batch fermentation, applied with feedback control of dextrin, stimulated the production up to 812 mg/L at 288 h. To our best knowledge, the daptomycin production in this study is significantly higher than that in previous studies and can make it more widely used in pharmaceutical industry.     

The decomposition of tylosin fermentation waste in soil at four temperatures

Summary Aerobic decomposition of tylosin fermentation waste was studied by O₂ uptake and CO₂, NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ^– release over 10 weeks in a light compost-soil at 3 concentrations and 4 temperatures. Comparisons of O₂ uptake and CO₂ release at each temperature showed that aerobic conditions were maintained in the system. Maximal rates of respiration (C mineralization) increased with temperature. At 23°C 50% of the substrate C had been mineralized in 10 weeks. At 10–15°C and at 4°C C mineralization was approximately 38% and 22% respectively. Except at 4°C mineralization had almost ceased within 10 weeks. There was evidence of a permanent inhibition of C mineralization at 10–15°C compared with 23°C, and a temporary inhibition at 10°C compared with 15°C.At 10 weeks 25% of the N had been mineralized at 23, 15 and 10°C, while 14% had been mineralized at 4°C. The time taken to reach maximum N mineralization was reduced by increase in temperature and by 10 weeks mineralization had almost ceased at 15 and 23°C. In terms of the fertilizing effect of tylosin fermentation, 25% of the total N was available within 10 weeks at 10–23°C. Nitrification was strongly inhibited at 4 and 10°C. Both C and N mineralization were in direct proportion to the concentration of tylosin fermentation waste added to the soil.     

Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods

Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. Then, the fermentation medium was optimized for GL 5.26 by statistical method. Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett–Burman design. The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. According to this study, the strain GL 5.26 showed good fermentation property by optimizing the medium. It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study.