花椒属植物生物碱与其两个亚属合并问题

花椒属植物约有250余种,大多分布于美洲、澳洲、非洲及亚洲。我国约有50余种,按Enzler分组法属于Mocqueria Triana et planch组,Paniculatae Engl.系,Gerontogaeae Engl.群^{[1] [2]}。1931年Engler在其"Die Natürlichen pflanzenfamilien"一书中谈到他经过长期考虑后,决定将原来的花椒属分为两个亚属即Zanthoxylum亚属和Fagara亚属。     

长柄山蚂蝗属三个种的核型分析及山蚂蝗属两个种的染色体数

长柄山蚂蝗属Podocarpium(Benth.)Yang et Huang属蝶形花科,间断分布于东亚和中北美洲,广布种分布到非洲和大洋洲。北美有4种,亚洲约有14种.我国约有该属植物11种,以西南和长江以南地区分布种类最多。国外已有人做过本属一半以上的种的染色体记数和核型。本文对本属的三个种.长柄山蚂蝗P.podocarpum(DC.)Yang et Huang,大苞长柄山蚂蝗P.williamsii(Pamp.)Yang et Huang和云南长柄山吗蝗P.du-clouxii(Pamp.)Yang et Huang进行了染色体的记数和核型描述,其中后两个种的工作属于首次。此外,本文还首次报道了山蚂蝗属两个种:Des-modium caudatum(Thunb.)DC.和D.yunnanense Franch.的染色体数目。     

秦岭千里光族植物资料

菊科千里光族植物我国有16属,400种以上,广布于南北各地,但以西南各省、区分布较为集中。秦岭产13属,占全国总属数的81.2%,计有50种,1亚种及4变种,约占全国总种数的13%。作者在编写《秦岭植物志》的工作中,对秦岭地区本族植物进行了研究,本文报导该族下列4属:毛冠菊属(Nannoglotlis Maxim.)、蟹甲草属(Cacalia Linn.)、华蟹甲草属(Sinacalia B.Nord)及千里光属(Senecio Linn.),其中有2个新种,1个新组合,1个我国特有属,2个秦岭特有种,6个新分布及一些种类的修订与讨论。本文引证标本存西北植物研究所标本室。     

中国荨麻科冷水花属的研究

冷水花属Pilea Lindl.是荨麻科藤麻族Trib.Prccrideae^[22]中的一个较原始的属,也是荨麻科最大的一个属,约600^[14]种,约占该科全部种数的三分之一^*,主要分布于美洲、亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的新几内亚的热带和亚热带地区,温带地区较少。在我国,原记录有70余种,经研究整理后,本文记载了85种(其中存疑种2种),8亚种,7变种,其中新种31种,我国新记录9种,还有部分标本暂时难以作出鉴定,它们代表了大约六、七种,这样,估计我国冷水花属植物约有90余种,为我国尊麻科的一个大属(另一大属楼梯草属Elatostema, 108种) (王文采,中国植物志手稿,未发表),主要分布于长江流域以南地区,少数种类可分布到东北省区。这属植物喜好生长于山坡阴湿处,是为这些地区山坡阴湿环境草本植被的重要建群植物。     

中国鼢鼠(EOSPALAX)亚属分类研究

在我国分布的鼢鼠隶属于Cricetidae科,Myospalax属。迄今已知它们仅分布于中国、蒙古和苏联的亚洲部分。而这属里种的数目,尤其是Eospalax亚属(凸颅鼢鼠亚属)内近似类型订立成种或亚种的数目,虽几经变动看法仍不一致,并且时有混淆。目前我国学者主要依据Allen(1938,1940),Ellerman(1941),Ellerman等(1951)和Ъанников(1960)的有关记述对分布于我国的鼢鼠进行分类的。有关兽类调查报告-《东北兽类调查报告》、《青海甘肃兽类调查报告》、《甘肃省啮齿动物的分布》及其它有关研究报告中,曾涉及到一部分种的分类、分布。综合这些文献记述,我国学者将现存于中国的助鼠分订为以下的5种,即M. psilisrns(Milpe-Edwards, 1874); M. aspal。二(Pallas, 1776)〔曾名M. dybowskii〕(以上属Myospalax亚属);M. fontanieri(Milne-Edwards,1867);M. rothschildi(Thomas,1911)M. Smithi(Tho-mas, 1911)(以上三种属Eospalax亚属)。     

中国赤车属分类

赤车属Pellionia Gaud。是荨麻科冷水花族Trib.Prorideae中的一个属,约有70种,主要分布于亚洲热带地区,少数种类分布到亚洲亚热带地区以及大洋洲一些岛屿,在我国约有17种,分布于长江流域及以南各省区。     

广州地区湿地维管植物资源调查与分析

共调查记录了广州地区湿地维管植物42科,93属,112种,大部分为被子植物,其中含有较多属和种的科是禾本科(Gramineae)和菊科(Compositae),含有较多种的属是蓼属(Polygonum)和莎草属(Cyperus).出现频率较高的物种主要有空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.)、少花龙葵(Solanum americanum Miller)和鸭跖草(Commelina communis Linn.),这三个种在70%以上的调查点中有分布.水生植物有15种,占总数的13.39%,大多数为单子叶植物;湿生植物有27种,占总数的24.11%;喜湿植物有70种,占总数的62.50%.调查到的植物有不少已广泛应用于湿地园林景观和人工湿地,也有一些具有一定的应用潜力.     

中国齿缘草属的研究

在编写《中国植物志》紫草科的过程中,我们系统地研究和整理了我国的齿缘草属(Eritrichium)和假鹤虱属(Hackelia),的标本,发现这两个属界线不明,难以区分,从而对它们进行了合并,选用其中较早的属名一齿缘草属(Eritrichium)作为合并后的属名。本文拟对合并后的齿缘草属(Eritrichium)的范围以及国产该属植物的系统和新分类群作一报道。     

青海湖莎草科植物的研究

青海湖位于青藏高原东北部,海拔约3100米,面积4635平方公里,大最水深28.70米,是我国最大的内陆高原湖泊。湖区气候干燥,水位持续下降,分离出几个子湖。母子湖长期隔离,水质有了明显不同,对水生植物生长发育和种间差异产生重要影响。现有莎草科植物共3属11种,其中有8种是新发现的特有种,例如:Eleocharis qinghaiensis;E.glabella;E.penchaoi;E.kuoi;E.paradoxa;E.erhaiensis;E.callosa;E.abnorma.本文还对该湖的莎草科植物分布及生长发育特点等进行初步探讨。     

生物结皮对5种不同形态的荒漠植物种子萌发的影响

生物结皮广泛分布于干旱、半干旱区, 强烈影响着土壤表层理化特性, 进而对种子散布、萌发和定居产生影响。目前关于生物结皮与植物种子萌发关系的研究结论存在争议。该文通过室内人工控制实验, 研究了生物结皮对古尔班通古特沙漠5种具不同种子形态特征的荒漠植物白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)、蛇麻黄(Ephedra distachya)、角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenaarius)、涩芥(Malcolmia africana)和狭果鹤虱(Lappula semiglabra)的种子萌发的影响。结果表明, 在干燥和湿润两种条件下, 生物结皮对不同形态植物种子萌发均具有不同的作用。在干燥条件下, 生物结皮显著抑制了角果藜和涩芥种子的萌发(p<0.05), 对其它3种植物无显著影响; 而湿润条件下, 生物结皮显著抑制了白梭梭、角果藜和狭果鹤虱种子的萌发(p<0.05), 对蛇麻黄、涩芥则无显著影响。     

单囊壳属一新种

寄生在异刺鹤虱 Lappula heteracantha 上的单囊壳属一新种:鹤虱单囊壳 Sphaerotheca lappulae,新种有中文和拉丁文描述。模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)和赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)。     

安徽种子植物增补及地理新分布（三）

再次增补《安徽植物志》未记入的植物22种和1变种。其中18种和1变种为安徽植物地理新分布,6属为安徽省地理新分布,归化新记录植物4种。     

H．史密斯采集的中国紫草科植物

自H．Smith在二十,三十年代从我国采集的紫草科标本中鉴定出15属,36种,4变种,均属紫草亚科,其中包括附地菜属一新种,其中,这批标本本来应该包括更多的新种,如Johnston在1928年及以后描述的Microula rockii Johnst.,Onosma mertensioides Johnst.,O.adenopus Johnst.,Trionotis floribunda Johnst.,Kitagawa在六十年代描述的Lappula shanhsiensis Kitag.,本文作者和王庆瑞在八十年代描述的Microula pseudotrichocarpa W.T.Wang,M.turbinata W.T.Wang,M.turbinata W.T.Wang,M.floribunda W.T.Wang,Trigontis longipes W.T.Wang,T.corispermoides C.J.wang。只是由于这批柴草科标本未得到及时鉴定,才推迟了这10个种的发表。     

Segetal vegetation of Central Yakutia

Seven associations of segetal vegetation are distinguished for the vast arable lands of Central Yakutia. Low species richness and the prevalence of annual weeds are the main features of these communities. Only two dominant speciesSphallerocarpus gracilis andSaussurea amara represent Asian types of areals. Other dominantsFallopia convolvulus, Elytrigia repens, Chenopodium album, Brassica campestris, Lappula squarrosa, Scutellaria galericulata, Thlaspi arvense, Avena fatua andCrepis tectorum are typically cosmopolitan. The phytosociological system of the segetal communities is described.     

Effects of environmental stress and nutlet morph on proportion and within-flower number-combination of morphs produced by the fruit-dimorphic species Lappula duplicicarpa (Boraginaceae)

Phenotypic plasticity in species with heteromorphic diaspores is considered to be a plastic bet-hedging strategy in environmentally fluctuating habitats. The primary aim of this study was to determine the influence of level of abiotic (soil moisture and nutrient availability) and biotic (pure and mixed density) factors on the long-glochid (LN; high dispersal, low dormancy)/short-glochid (SN; low dispersal, high dormancy) nutlet ratio and on nutlet combination of the fruit-dimorphic cold desert winter annual/spring ephemeral Lappula duplicicarpa derived from different nutlet morphs. We hypothesized that stress would decrease the LN: SN ratio. All levels of the four treatments resulted in significant variation in the LN: SN ratio and in the proportion of each nutlet combination. Reproductive biomass varied less than plant mass in plants from both morphs. In favorable environments, the LN: SN ratio and number of SN–3LN and 4LN combinations were relatively high, while in unfavorable environments they were relatively low, thus supporting our hypothesis. Relative allocation to reproductive biomass was significantly negatively correlated with allocation to vegetative biomass. The downward shift that occurred in the LN: SN diaspore ratio in response to stressful growth conditions in Lappula duplicicarpa is assumed to be a bet-hedging strategy.     

新疆植物区系新资料

报道了采自新疆阿尔泰山地区的1个中国新记录属假糖芥属Rhammatophyllum O. E. Schulz, 6个中国新记录种--渐尖岩蕨Woodsia acuminata (Fomin) Sipl.、短命繁缕Stellaria alsinoides Boiss. &; Buhse、假糖芥Rh. erysimoides (Kar. &; Kir.) Al-Shehbaz &; O. Appel、克氏鹤虱Lappula krylovii Ovczinnikova, A. I. Pjak &; A. L. Ebel、肝色柳穿鱼Linaria hepatica Bunge和佐氏新缬草Valerianella szovitsiana Fisch. &; Mey.。     

埋藏对65种半干旱草地植物种子萌发特性的影响

比较了半干旱草原科尔沁沙地65种植物新采种子和埋藏1年种子的萌发特性.结果表明：埋藏1年后,有38种植物的种子仍具有活力.新采种子萌发率>80%的植物种子埋藏后萌发率下降；而萌发率<80%的植物种子埋藏后萌发率均有较大幅度的提高.埋藏对种子萌发特性的影响因植物生态类群(杂草、草原植物、草甸植物、沙生植物)而异.种子埋藏1年后,多年生植物萌发率没有明显提高,而1年生植物萌发率显著提高(P<0.05).对于新采种子和埋藏1年种子萌发率间相差10%以下的物种,可根据萌发格局将植物种分为3类：埋藏促进型(如差巴嘎蒿)、埋藏抑制型(如大籽蒿)和埋藏不变型(如鹤虱).     

Host Specificity of Mogulones cruciger (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Biocontrol Agent for Houndstongue ( Cynoglossum officinale ), with Emphasis on Testing of Native North American Boraginaceae

Recent concerns over the safety of native North American plant species in the family Boraginaceae, especially those of endangered status in the USA, prompted additional host specificity testing of the European root weevil Mogulones cruciger , a proposed agent for the biocontrol of houndstongue in the USA. M. cruciger can complete full development on species within closely-related genera in the Boraginaceae, but prefers houndstongue as a host. Of the 22 species of native North American Boraginaceae that were tested in this study, nine species from four genera within the tribe Eritrichieae ( Cryptantha, Hackelia, Mertensia and Lappula ) clearly supported development of M. cruciger . However, generally these non-target species experienced less attack by M. cruciger relative to houndstongue. There were differences in the incidence and degree of attack depending on the test type, which included the use of potted test plants in laboratory no-choice and open-field choice situations. The least non-target attack occurred on rangeland in British Columbia, Canada, where potted test plants were introduced into sites where the insect had been previously released on houndstongue. These results suggest that M. cruciger has a narrow ecological host range. Special emphasis was placed on testing species of Cryptantha because C. crassipes is listed as endangered in the USA. Six of 12 Cryptantha species tested supported full development, but generally, the incidence and intensity of attack were less for these species relative to houndstongue. There was no, or incomplete development, on tested species of Plagiobothrys , a genus that contains two species listed as endangered in the USA.     

A preliminary study on the family Styracaceae from China

The present paper is a result of taxonomic study of Chinese Styracaceae plants. It contains 9 genera, 48 species, of which 2 species, 2 varieties are described as new and 2 new combinations are made, 21 species or varieties previously known to botanists distinctly are here reduced to synonyms. Besides the author also discuss about itsgeographical distribution in China and the main systematic characteristics of Styrax.