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1.
S. Mousavi-Yeganeh 《Biological trace element research》1987,12(1):433-433
The object of this article is to apprise physicians and chemists of nuclear analytical techniques and, in particular, of ion
beam analysis (PIXE and PIGE) for the purpose of application to the clinical diagnostic method.
The feasibility of the technique, sampling, and sample preparation for trace element analysis in biological and biomedical
samples has been described previously (1–3). Analysis data from normal human blood samples and biomedical samples by ion beam
reactions have been compared at the end.
Emphasis will be placed on the use of the analytical technique on determination of the range of trace and toxic elements in
human blood samples. 相似文献
2.
Reference values for trace and ultratrace elements in human serum determined by double-focusing ICP-MS 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Cristina Sariego Muñiz José Luis Fernández-Martin Juan Manuel Marchante-Gayón José Ignacio García Alonso Jorge B. Cannata-Andía Alfredo Sanz-Medel 《Biological trace element research》2001,82(1-3):259-272
Reference values for trace and ultratrace elements concentrations in healthy human serum, measured by double-focusing inductively
coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are presented. Blood donors from Asturias (Spain) were selected as the reference
population (n=59). Blood samples were collected, after donation, taking the necessary precautions to avoid contamination. All subjects
analyzed had normal renal function and nutritional status, as shown from their creatinine and albumin levels. A total number
of 14 elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Pb, and U) were monitored almost simultaneously. Serum samples
were diluted 1+4 with ultrapure water and matrix interferences were corrected using Sc, Ga, Y, and Tl as internal standards.
Fe, Cu, and Zn were also determined by isotope dilution analysis (IDA).
Reference trace element concentrations intervals observed containing 95% of the reference distribution after excluding outliers
are presented. Fourteen serum samples from hemodialysis patients were also analyzed for comparison. High levels of Al, Cr,
Sr, Mo, Mn, Pb, U, Co, and Cu and low levels of Fe, Zn, and Rb were found in the serum samples from hemodialysis patients
compared to the corresponding reference values observed in this work. 相似文献
3.
Selenium and other trace elements (Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb) were determined in very small (0.75 μL) human serum and mice whole
blood samples, by an XRF method. Accurate results of elemental concentration were obtained without the need of exact volume
measurement, because of the backscatter correction used. The XRF method is highly sensitive (M.D.L.=0.06, 0.13, 0.09, 0.07,
and 0.05 ppm for Se, Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb, respectively), rapid (counting time—100 s/sample), easy to perform and therefore
suitable for routine trace element analyses. The results obtained are in good agreement with the values reported in the literature. 相似文献
4.
Vandecasteele Carlo Vanhoe Hans Dams Richard Versieck Jacques 《Biological trace element research》1990,(1):553-560
The determination of trace and ultratrace elements in human serum by ICP-MS is described. The accuracy of the method is tested
using a “second generation” human serum reference material. Elements determined include Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, and
Cs. The method is compared to nuclear analytical methods (NAA, PIXE). Perspectives for the future are also discussed. 相似文献
5.
Lead and catechol hematotoxicity in vitro using human and murine hematopoietic progenitor cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In vitro cloning assays for hematopoietic myeloid and erythroid precursor cells have been used as screening systems to investigate
the hematotoxic potential of environmental chemicals in humans and mice. Granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (CFU-GM) from human
umbilical cord blood and from mouse bone marrow (Balb/c and B6C3F1) were cultured in the presence of lead and the benzene
metabolite catechol. Erythroid precursors (BFU-E) from human umbilical cord blood were cultured in the presence of lead. The
in vitro exposure of the human and murine cells resulted in a dose-dependent depression of the colony numbers. The concentration–effect
relationship was studied. Results showed that:
(1) Based on calculated IC50 values, human progenitors are more sensitive to lead and catechol than are murine progenitors.
The dose that caused a 50% decrease in colony formation after catechol exposure was 6 times higher for murine cells (IC50
= 24 μmol/L) than for human cord blood cells (IC50 = 4 μmol/L). Lead was 10–15 times more toxic to human hematopoietic cells
(IC50 = 61 μmol/L) than to murine bone marrow cells from both mice strains tested (Balb/c, IC50 = 1060 μmol/L; B6C3F1, IC50
= 536 μmol/L).
(2) A lineage specificity was observed after exposure to lead. Human erythroid progenitors (hBFU-E) (IC50 = 3.31 μmol/L) were
found to be 20 times more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of lead than were myeloid precursors (hCFU-GM) (IC50 = 63.58
μmol/L).
(3) Individual differences in the susceptibility to the harmful effect of lead were seen among cord blood samples.
(4) Toxicity of lead to progenitor cells occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Pierre PJ Sequeira MK Corcoran CA Blevins MW Gee M Laudenslager ML Bennett AJ 《Journal of medical primatology》2011,40(5):287-293
Background Blood reference values for bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) are limited. The goal of this study was to determine reference ranges for hematological and serum biochemical indices in healthy, socially housed bonnet macaques for males and females over a range of ages. Methods Blood hematological and serum biochemical values were obtained from 50 healthy bonnet macaques of both sexes and aged 10–234 months. Results Age and sex differences were present in a number of measures. Globulins, total protein, and creatinine (CREAT) values were highest among older subjects, while alkaline phophatase, albumin, and phosphorus values were higher in juveniles. Sex differences were present in concentrations of red blood cells and CREAT, with higher values in males. Conclusion The blood parameter data reported here as age‐specific reference values for laboratory‐housed, healthy bonnet macaques may be used to inform clinical care and laboratory primate research. 相似文献
7.
2-2'-Azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) thermolysis induces luminol luminescence. The luminescence intensity is quenched by SOD, catalase, Trolox and human blood serum. However, the time course of the light intensity profile is different for the different additives. In particular, the quenching efficiency of Trolox and human blood serum decreases with time after addition. Double quenching experiments show that SOD and Trolox are not competitive quenchers, while a simple competition can be established between Trolox and human blood serum in trapping a common intermediate. From the kinetic analysis of the data it is concluded that, at least at low additive concentrations, Trolox scavenges a luminol derived radical. Higher concentrations of Trolox or human blood serum produce induction times that are proportional to the additives concentrations. The possibility of employing luminol luminescence in the evaluation of TRAP levels and the capacity of biological samples to scavenge free radicals is discussed. 相似文献
8.
The acute phase protein, α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), is a normal constituent of human blood (0.2–1 mg ml−1) and its glycosylation
and concentration in the blood change during inflammation. In this review of our recent work, we discuss the immunomodulatory
properties of AGP in connection with the structure of its carbohydrate chains.
AGP samples prepared from normal donor serum (nAGP), serum obtained during abortion (fAGP), serum of cancer patients (cAGP),
and ascitic fluid of patients with stomach cancer (sAGP) were subjected to analysis. All the samples except for fAGP had five
N-linked chains of the ‘complex’ type, however, the numbers of bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary chains, as well as glycan structures
terminating these chains, were different. fAGP had three N-linked chains of the lactosamine and polylactosamine type and three
O-chains which were not present in AGP isolated from the other sources. The glycoforms of nAGP and sAGP that were isolated
using a ConA affinity column were similar in respect to their branching, but differed in their terminal oligosaccharides.
sAGP was enriched in units ending in Lex and asialoagalacto (GlcNAc-terminating) forms.
Immunomodulatory activity of different AGP preparations was tested in vitro by measuring their effect on the proliferative
response of human lymphocytes stimulated by PHA, and by determining their influence on the production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6,
and TNF in the stimulated cells. nAGP was less active compared to cancer or fetal AGP in the proliferation test, but more
active in affecting cytokine production. Some AGP glycoforms had opposite immunomodulatory effects.
A new approach was developed in order to clarify the role of carbohydrate chains in the biological activity of AGP. A pool
of N-linked oligosaccharide chains were attached to a soluble polyacrylamide matrix. This ‘pseudoglycoprotein’ was similar
to AGP in its molecular weight; in its relative amounts of tetra-, tri-, and bi-antennary chains; and in the content of mono-,
di-, tri-, and tetra-sialylated-oligosaccharides. This pseudo-AGP displayed a similar activity to its parent AGP in the biological
tests.
Analytical flow cytometry of leukocyte subpopulation from human peripheral blood showed that monocytes and granulocytes but
not lymphocytes were the main targets for the binding of AGP and pseudo-AGP. This binding was inhibited by synthetic glycoconjugates
containing mannose or sialic acid. The binding curve data suggested that there are two monocyte and granulocyte populations.
These may have different carbohydrate specificities.
All the evidence provided by these studies indicate that it is the carbohydrate chains on AGP that are important in modulating
the immune system and not the AGP molecule itself.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
James M. Harrington Daniel J. Young Amal S. Essader Susan J. Sumner Keith E. Levine 《Biological trace element research》2014,160(1):132-142
Minerals are inorganic compounds that are essential to the support of a variety of biological functions. Understanding the range and variability of the content of these minerals in biological samples can provide insight into the relationships between mineral content and the health of individuals. In particular, abnormal mineral content may serve as an indicator of illness. The development of robust, reliable analytical methods for the determination of the mineral content of biological samples is essential to developing biological models for understanding the relationship between minerals and illnesses. This paper describes a method for the analysis of the mineral content of small volumes of serum and whole blood samples from healthy individuals. Interday and intraday precision for the mineral content of the blood (250 μL) and serum (250 μL) samples was measured for eight essential minerals—sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se)—by plasma spectrometric methods and ranged from 0.635 to 10.1 % relative standard deviation (RSD) for serum and 0.348–5.98 % for whole blood. A comparison of the determined ranges for ten serum samples and six whole blood samples provided good agreement with literature reference ranges. The results demonstrate that the digestion and analysis methods can be used to reliably measure the content of these minerals and potentially of other minerals. 相似文献
10.
Tomoyuki Kawamoto Mieko Nishi Kojiro Takahashi Toshio Nishiyama J. Denry Sato Shigehiko Taniguchi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1989,25(10):965-970
Summary The stimulatory effects of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent growth of adult
and newborn human fibroblasts were investigated. EGF-stimulated growth in low serum of dermal fibroblasts from a 41 year-old
adult (HSF-41) was less than half that of newborn foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). The EGF-stimulated growth of HFF after 55 population
doublings (HFF-55) was similarly reduced. The decreased growth response to EGF of fibroblasts, agedin vivo andin vitro appeared to result principally from a decreased sensitivity to EGF due to a decreased number and affinity of high affinity
EGF receptors (H-EGFR). Pre-incubation of HSF-41 and HFF-55 with 25 pM TGF-β enhanced the growth responses of these cells
to EGF and increased the levels of high affinity EGF-binding by these cells Thus, the stimulation by TGF-β of EGF-dependent
growth of human fibroblasts agedin vivo orin vitro is mediated by increased levels of high affinity EGF binding.
This research was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research (61480388) and a special project research grant
to Okayama University from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.
Editor's statement TGF beta interaction with its receptor is known to affect EGF receptors. In this paper a functional biological
association is established. 相似文献
11.
A critical review on the quality of literature data on trace elements in human blood, serum, and urine of inhabitants in the
Netherlands has shown that many of the currently available data have been established 15–20 years ago. Only in a few publications
are quality indicators mentioned, which should be considered typical—and minimal —for studies resulting at reference values.
The use of neutron activation analysis for determination of trace elements in human body fluids was restricted to a few studies
in the 1970s. However, although it is frequently assumed that the sensitivity of NAA might be insufficient, it is demonstrated
that modern, large, well-type Ge detectors may serve well for the determination of trace elements in human body fluids via
radiochemical NAA, for example. 相似文献
12.
Cobalt determinations in biological fluids are of great interest in biological or toxicological research programs. Cobalturia
is often chosen as an indicator for a biological monitoring program in occupational exposure to cobalt dusts. The method described
here derives from the IUPAC reference method for nickel determination. It enables cobaltemia and cobalturia to be measured
in small samples (1 mL). The mean usual values for cobalt in biological fluids are very low (2.7 nmol L−1 for serum and 6.7 nmol L−1 for urine), and therefore, thus require an analytical procedure with preconcentration and extraction. The sample is mineralized
by wet acid digestion. After digestion, inorganic cobalt is extracted in form of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complex
into isobutyl methyl ketone and measured in the organic layer by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
The analytical parameters are described in detail. The extraction output is about 99%. The detection limits are 1.93 and 1.89
nmol L−1 for serum and urine, respectively. Sensitivity (expressed as the concentration that gives a 0.044 absorbance) is 3.4 nmol
L−1 for serum and 3.3 nmol L−1 for urine.
Within-run precision ranged between 3.9 and 2.5% (coefficients of variation) for serum and 4.2 and 1.1% for urine, at 87 and
136 nmol L−1 levels, respectively. Between-run precision ranged between 4.3 and 3.3% (coefficients of variation) for serum and 4.2 and
2.3% for urine, at 87 and 136 nmol L−1 levels, respectively. At very low concentration, 5.7 nmol L−1 for serum and 2.5 nmol L−1 for urine, the between-run precision is, respectively, 19.5 and 28%.
Linearity is effective between 0 and 272 nmol L−1. Interferences and matrix effects are negligible for urine, serum, or plasma samples without hemoglobin. The method is easily
applicable for routine determinations. 相似文献
13.
Stephan Thurl Jobst Henker Manfred Siegel Karlheinz Tovar Gunther Sawatzki 《Glycoconjugate journal》1997,14(7):795-799
Neutral oligosaccharides in human milk samples from approximately 50 women were analysed applying a recently developed high-pH
anion-exchange chromatographic method. Three different oligosaccharide patterns could be detected in accordance with milk
groups that had been already described. These oligosaccharide groups correspond to the Lewis blood types Le(a−b+), Le(a+b−)
and Le(a−b−). In addition to these oligosaccharide patterns, a new carbohydrate pattern was detected in a milk sample from
a Le(a−b−) individual. Here, only nonfucosylated oligosaccharides and compounds bearing a1,3 linked fucosyl residues were found, whereas structures with a1,2 and a1,4 fucosyl linkages were missing. This finding led to the hypothesis that there are four different oligosaccharide milk groups
that fit well to the genetic basis of the Lewis blood group system.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Harry Walter Eugene J. Krob Rosalinda B. Wenby Herbert J. Meiselman 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》1990,16(3):139-148
Rats were injected with59Fe-ferrous citrate and bled thereafter at different times (16 h to 49 d). This gave rise to red cell populations in which
cells corresponding in age to the time elapsed between injection and bleeding were labeled. The anticoagulant used was either
acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) with a pH adjusted to 7.3 or ACD (pH 5.1). Final pH of the collected blood was about 7.2–7.4 in
the former case and 6.4–6.7 in the latter. Red cells were then centrifuged (5) and approximately 7–10% of the packed cells
from the top and 7–10% from the bottom of the cell column collected. When reticulocytes are the predominant labeled red cell
population, as in blood obtained for about 24 h after isotope injection, a fractionation of these cells and mature erythrocytes
is in evidence only when blood is collected at the higher pH. Thus, at pH 7.2–7.4 ratios of specific radioactivities of cells
in top fraction/cells in an unfractionated sample are about 3, whereas at pH 6.4–6.7, the analogous ratios are 1 or less.
These differences in specific activity ratios, as a function of pH at collection, virtually disappear after about 4 d following
isotope injection.
The lower pH is known to increase the volume and decrease the density of mature red blood cells. The marked effect of pH on
cellular fractionation could be correlated with the smaller change in rat reticulocyte density and volume in acid medium.
At pH 6.4–6.7, the densities of mature erythrocytes and reticulocytes are so close that their physical separation by centrifugation
is not feasible. 相似文献
15.
Ashok Malhotra M. V. R. Reddy J. N. Naidu S. N. Ghirnikar B. C. Harinath 《Journal of biosciences》1982,4(4):507-512
Blood collected on filter paper by finger-prick gave results comparable to intravenous serum samples when analysed by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the 100 microfilaraemia, 5 out of 100 endemic normals and none of the 10 nonendemic normal
filter paper blood samples showed the presence of filarial antibody when tested by this method,using culture antigen and anti-immunoglubulins,
class G, M and A — penicillinase conjugate. When the same samples were screened for the presence of IgM antibody, 91 out of
100 microfilaraemia, 13 out of 100 endemic normal and none of the 10 nonendemic normal samples showed a positive reaction.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, using culture antigen and filter paper blood samples, appears to work in large field studies
for detection of filarial infection. 相似文献
16.
In order to help resolve present inconsistencies of two orders of magnitude or more in reported levels of vanadium in human
serum and blood, a totally postirradiation radiochemical neutron activation analysis (NAA) method was further developed and
applied to some pertinent nanogram and subnanogram reference materials. In particular, the second generation human serum reference
material of Versieck was found to contain a value of 0.67±0.05 ng/g dry wt., corresponding to 0.061±0.005/4/ (see Table 1) ng/mL original fresh serum. Results are also reported for some other appropriate CRMs.
Additionally, a small-scale study in 10 normal subjects (5 m, 5 f) revealed levels similar to those in the serum reference
material and in agreement with the lowest data reported in the literature. Discussion of pitfalls of vanadium determination
and the use of reference materials is included. 相似文献
17.
Summary In order to clarify the environmental factors modulating cell migration, we investigated the effects of human serum on cell
migration, and found that serum from adult donors strongly (by 48%) suppressed the migration of human fetal skin fibroblasts
into a denuded area in a cell monolayer. Human serum from old donors inhibited cell migration more strongly than that from
adult donors. Next, we investigated the properties of migration-inhibitory activity of human serum and serum proteins in order
to identify migration-inhibitory substances. Human serum from adult donors strongly suppressed the migration of human fetal
skin fibroblasts, although it stimulated cell proliferation more strongly than fetal bovine serum (FBS), indicating that the
inhibitory effects of human serum on cell migration was not due to its toxic effects. The inhibition of cell migration by
human serum was concentration dependent. It was demonsstrated that the inhibition did not depend on the inhibitory effects
of human serum on collagen synthesis. The migration-inhibitory activity was seen in fractions over 100 kDa, as determined
by an ultrafiltration membrane, and no inhibitory activity was observed in fractions under 100 kDa. On the other hand, it
was not detected either in fractions over 100 kDa or under 100 kDa in FBS. Among the over 100 kDa human serum proteins examined,
γ-globulin, α2-macroglobulin, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) suppressed fibroblast migration in a concentration-dependent
manner. However, among the three, cell migration-inhibiting activity of γ-globulin almost disappeared when cell migration
was conducted in 10% FBS-supplemented medium. These results indicated that α2-macroglobulin and LDL were candidate substances
for cell migration-inhibiting activity in human serum. 相似文献
18.
Petrovic L Pohle D Münstedt H Rechtenwald T Schlegel KA Rupprecht S 《Journal of biomedical science》2006,13(1):41-46
Summary Non-resorbable thermoplastic polymers have become more important for reconstructive surgery due to their excellent chemical
and physical properties. Polyetheretherketone-β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP-PEEK) composites were developed as alternative
materials for load-bearing applications. This study presents the effect of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) specimens incorporated
with 5, 10, 20 and 40 wt% β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) and processed by injection molding on cultivated osteoblast cells.
Normal human osteoblast (NHOst) cells were seeded onto polymer discs to evaluate cell viability and proliferation after 24,
72 and 120 h of cultivation by employing the WST-1 assay. Standard tissue culture plastic was used as a control. The osteoblast
cells were found to be viable in all PEEK groups, while the cell proliferation was progressively inhibited due to the incorporated
β-tricalcium phosphate. βTCP-PEEK showed concentration independent decrease of cell proliferation compared to the unfilled
PEEK and the control group. In summary, this study confirms the non-toxic nature of pure PEEK, whereas this could not definitely
be verified for βTCP-PEEK as a composite material in chosen concentrations of β-tricalcium phosphate in vitro. 相似文献
19.
A newly devised, very accurate (“definitive”) method for the determination of trace amounts of cobalt in biological materials
was validated by the analysis of several certified reference materials. The method is based on a combination of neutron activation
and selective and quantitative postirradiation isolation of radiocobalt from practically all other radionuclides by ion-exchange
and extraction chromatography followed by γ-ray spectrometric measurement. The significance of criteria that should be fulfilled
in order to accept a given result as obtained by the “definitive method” is emphasized. In view of the demonstrated very good
accuracy of the method, it is suggested that our values for cobalt content in those reference materials in which it was originally
not certified (SRM 1570 spinach, SRM 1571 orchard leaves, SRM 1577 bovine liver, and Czechoslovak bovine liver 12-02-01) might
be used as provisional certified values. 相似文献
20.
Summary Clusters of cells derived from biopsy specimens of human mammary ductal carcinomas form two morphologically distinct epithelial
colonies in culture, designated as E and E′. The proportion of E′ cell clusters that attached and formed colonies ranged from
0.3 to 13.0% with different tumors. Attachment was independent of tumor grade. Microscopic observations revealed that the
survival of E′ cell colonies was limited to approximately 10 days with rapid cell degeneration commencing about 7 days. A
comparison of sera showed that colony formation by cells from malignant tumors during the 1st week of culture was maximum
in the presence of fetal bovine serum. Human serum alone was 70 to 100% less effective in promoting E′ colonies. The most
significant finding was that human serum from normal donors inhibited E′ colony development in the presence of FBS. Although
human serum was less effective than FBS in promoting colony formation by clusters of E cells, an inhibition was not observed.
Inhibitory activity could not be attributed to either antagonistic hormones or the source of human serum. THese results demonstrate
that normal human serum contains a factor(s) that exhibits an inhibitory activity specific for human epithelial cells (E′)
derived from malignant tumors.
Supported by NCI Contract CB-33898 and a Fellowship from the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, England. 相似文献