黄瓜带瓜叶与不带瓜叶解剖特征的研究

植物叶片的光合产物分配有“就近供应,同侧运输”的特点。就禾本科作物来说,由于旗叶所特有优势,对籽粒产量的贡献较大已有许多学者对旗叶生理和形态解剖特征等方面做了深入细致的研究。但关于双子叶植物这方面的工作报道甚少。黄瓜(Cucumissativus)是雌雄异花,同一植株上的叶片有带瓜叶和不带瓜叶之分。带瓜叶与禾本科作物的旗     

瓜叶乌头一新变种

本变种与瓜叶乌头的区别是:茎疏被贴伏的短柔毛;小苞片密被贴伏的短柔毛;萼片白色,有淡紫色脉纹,上萼片高1.4—1.7cm,下缘长1.4—1.5cm,瓣片长6—8mm,唇长3—4mm。 本变种的块根在安县、北川县、什邡县大量收购,作中药草乌使用。     

瓜叶乌头的二萜生物碱

从瓜叶乌头（ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｈｅｍｓｌｅｙａｎｕｍＰｒｉｔｚ．）的块根分离到４个二萜生物碱,通过波谱分析和化学方法分别鉴定为８－ａｃｅｔｙｌ－１４－ｂｅｎｚｏｙｌ－ｅｚｏｃｈａｓｍａｎｉｎｅ（１）、ｃｈａｓｍａｎｉｎｅ（２）、ｉｎｄａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ（３）和ｔａｌａｔｉｓａｍｉｎｅ（４）。其中１为新化合物,命名为瓜叶乌宁（ｈｅｍｓｌｅｙａｎｉｎｅ）。瓜叶乌宁（１）为白色块状结晶,ｍｐ１１５—１１６℃,［α］２０Ｄ＋１９．０２°。由ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ和ＥＩ－ＭＳ得知,分子量为６１３,１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ中３２…     

带叶兜兰

正带叶兜兰[Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum(Lindl.ex Hook.)Stein],为兰科兜兰属地生或半附生植物。叶片带形、革质,先端急尖,并常有2小齿,基部渐狭成叶柄状并对折而多少套叠。花葶直立,通常绿色并被深紫色长柔毛,基部常有长鞘,顶端生1花;花较大而雅致,中萼片和合萼片除边缘淡绿黄色外,中央至基部有浓密的紫褐色斑点,甚至连成一片,花瓣下半部黄绿色而有浓密的紫褐色斑点,上半部玫瑰紫色并有白色晕,唇瓣淡绿黄色而有紫褐色小斑点,退化雄蕊与唇瓣色泽相似,有2     

带叶兜兰

<正> 带叶兜兰(Pahiopedilum hirsutissimum(Lindl.)Pfitzer),叶基生,长20—25厘米,宽约2—3厘米,无毛。花茎绿色被深紫色毛,长约25匣米,几与叶等长,具1花。花直径可达10厘米,中萼片宽卵形,花瓣长匙形,边缘曲折有缘毛,唇瓣兜状,绿色有紫色小斑点。分布于印度亚萨姆,和我国广西、云     

瓜叶乌头中生物碱成分的研究

从瓜叶乌头 (AconitumhemsleyanumPritz)根中分得 12个已知C19 二萜生物碱 ;氨茴酰牛扁碱(anthranoyllycoctonine) 1、牛扁碱 (lycoctonine) 2、8 去乙酰滇乌碱 (8 deacetylyunaconitine) 3、伪乌头宁(pseudaconine) 4、sachaconitine 5、尼奥宁 (neoline) 6、senbusineA 7、6 表弗斯生 (6 epiforesticine) 8、滇乌碱(yunaconitine) 9、印乌碱 (indaconitine) 10、查斯曼宁 (chasmanine) 11、和塔拉萨敏 (talatisamine) 12。其中化合物 1～ 8是首次从该植物中分离得到。应用光谱法和对照TLC鉴定了所有化合物的结构。     

瓜叶菊花色性状形成机理的研究进展

瓜叶菊是拥有多种花色品种资源的观赏植物,同时具有蓝色、斑色等观赏植物中稀缺的花色表型,不同花色品种具有多种花青素代谢途径,解析其花色性状形成的分子机制能够为观赏植物的分子育种提供理论依据,其中鉴定的关键基因能够为蓝色花新品种培育提供宝贵的基因资源。在对瓜叶菊多年研究的基础上,本文从瓜叶菊特殊的花青素结构、花青素生物合成调控途径及其花色研究的主要技术手段方面,综述了近20年来瓜叶菊花色研究的进展,具体内容包括：（1）瓜叶菊不同色系呈色的色素基础,尤其是蓝色花品种中特殊的多聚酰化色素结构;（2）多聚酰化修饰相关糖基化、酰基化修饰的瓜叶菊花青素代谢途径的基因,以及调控花色、花斑形成的MYB、MADS-box等转录因子的功能;（3）瓜叶菊中进行花色研究相关的高效遗传转化体系和病毒介导的基因沉默（VIGS,virus-induced gene silencing）体系,及其在花色研究中的研究进展。本文旨在为后续瓜叶菊及其他花卉花色研究和分子育种提供参考。     

红瓜叶营养成分及作为野生蔬菜的评价

分析了红瓜(Coccinia gradis)嫩茎叶的矿物质、微量元素、蛋白质、氨基酸和维生素含量,并与常用7种栽培蔬菜的含量进行了比较。结果发现,红瓜嫩茎叶中矿物质K、P(除芹菜),微量元素Fe、Mg(除蕹菜)、Se和Zn的含量均高于7种蔬菜。红瓜嫩叶中硫氨素、核黄素和尼克酸含量远高于对照的7种栽培蔬菜。采用模糊识别法和氨基酸系数比值法,分别以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,以WHO／FAO必需氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对红瓜嫩茎叶中蛋白质营养价值进行了评价,并与7种栽培蔬菜蛋白质进行对照比较。结果表明红瓜嫩茎叶蛋白质含量为2．1％(鲜重),蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全,氨基酸含量93．8％,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的42％,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(Met Cys)。红瓜嫩茎叶蛋白质中必需氨基酸贴近度(以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准)0．8070,氨基酸比值系数分(以WHO／FAO必需氨基酸参考模式)71．946,均高于对照的7种栽培蔬菜。     

小叶榕单芽带叶扦插

小叶榕(Ficus concinna)是常绿乔木,枝条柔软、韧性好,适宜制作微型盆景。3—4月,以老枝和新枝单芽带叶扦插。扦插时将枝的叶片下边的茎截断削平,保护好叶片和叶腋的芽,以珍珠岩或泥炭作基质。用细孔壶喷水。在温度     

中国葫芦科1新记录种——厚叶棒锤瓜

报道了葫芦科厚叶棒锤瓜[Neoalsomitra sarcophylla(Wall.)Hutch.]在中国的分布新记录。该物种形态上与N.balansae(Gagnep.)Hutch.近似,但蒴果长3~4cm;种子长6~7mm,宽3~4mm,两端呈短角状。本研究利用DNA条形码技术对该物种进行测序,获得matK、rbcL、psbA-trnH 3个基因序列。应用Blast法为该物种的分类处理提供佐证。凭证标本存放于广西药用植物园标本馆(GXMG)。     

西瓜的生物学与人体健康

西瓜属于葫芦科一年生草本植物,其果实是夏季主要的消暑果品,富含水分、糖分、微量元素等多种营养物质,对于促进人体健康具有重要作用。但并非人人都适合吃西瓜,食用时应根据个人体质多加注意。     

遮荫对甜瓜叶片光合特性的影响

以适宜不同栽培条件的3个甜瓜品种为材料,研究了遮荫对其光合色素含量、净光合速率及比叶重等叶片特性的影响。结果表明:与正常光照相比,遮光处理能诱使甜瓜叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著提高,叶绿素a/b显著降低。全光照条件下,3个甜瓜品种的净光合速率日变化曲线均呈双峰型,有明显的"光合午休"现象,而在遮荫条件下则呈单峰曲线变化,且光合峰值出现的时间比全光照下推迟;遮光条件下甜瓜叶片气孔导度日变化曲线与其净光合速率日变化类似。3个品种间比叶重在全光照条件下差异不显著,但遮荫显著降低了壮龄叶片的比叶重,且遮荫强度越重,比叶重越小;品种‘黄河蜜3号’壮龄叶的比叶重降幅(31.83%)显著大于‘银帝’(27.22%)和‘玉金香’(26.01%)。可见,遮荫降低了甜瓜叶片的净光合速率和功能叶片的比叶重,植株通过增加自身叶片光合色素含量以增强对环境的适应性,缓解遮荫对其的影响,品种‘银帝’表现出较强的耐弱光性。     

Cytokinin as an Inducer of Vitrification in Melon

Development of vitrification has been followed in melon shoottips cultured on solid and liquid media which contained growthfactors in various concentrations. Cytokinin was found to bethe primary inducer, without which vitrification did not occurin spite of the presence in the culture of other accepted inducers.Spontaneous vitrification appeared on non-inductive media butin a low percentage. Vitrification differed in appearance andfrequency, depending on the kind of medium. On solid mediumvitrification gradually increased with time, whereas on liquidmedium it was an ‘all-or-nothing’ effect. On solidmedium, all the vitrified plantlets turned into callus aftertwo or three subcultures. It is suggested that vitrificationis the bud's reaction to an excess of cytokinin. Cucumis melo, growth factors, abnormal plant growth, vitrification     

Benzo-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic Acid S-methyl Ester does not protect Melon Fruits against Fusarium pallidoroseum Infection but Induces Defence Responses in Melon Seedlings

The present study investigated the potential of benzo-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S -methyl ester (BTH) to protect postharvest melons var. 'Orange Flesh' from the fruit rot caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum . It was noticed that melon fruits immersed in BTH and postinoculated with the fungus presented the same pattern of disease incidence/severity and activity of the defence-related enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and β-1,3-glucanase of controls, indicating that BTH was ineffective in protecting melons from the fruit rot disease. However, the preflowering application of BTH in melon seedlings induced stunted growth, probably related to enhanced lignification which is related to the plant cell wall reinforcement and increase of resistance against invading pathogens, and alterations of the activity of the studied defence-related enzymes in comparison with controls, suggesting that this strategy could probably be effective for the control of the postharvest rot of melon fruits through activation of systemic resistance.     

三株甜瓜拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定

以甜瓜根腐病病原菌(Fusarium solani)为指示菌,从甜瓜根际筛选到两株具有明显拮抗效果的细菌,编号为F22,T5b。以甜瓜霜霉病病原菌(Pseudoperonospora cubensis)为指示菌,从甜瓜健康叶际中筛选出一株具有拮抗效果的细菌,记为B11b。经过形态学观察、生理生化测定,16S rDNA序列及系统发育分析,初步鉴定T5b为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.),F22,B11b为斯式假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)。T5b,F22,B11b的16S rDNA序列的GenBank登录号分别为EU771077,EU771075,EU771074。     

新疆甜瓜地方品种资源核心种质构建

新疆甜瓜地方种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,是新疆哈密瓜遗传改良的重要基因库。以121份新疆甜瓜地方品种为研究对象,结合按来源分组和系统聚类选择的方法,通过多重比较29个表型性状数据确定适宜的取样比例,筛选出25份地方品种为初选核心种质。在初选核心种质取样量上,人工定向补充5份优异种质和极值材料确定了核心种质,约占地方品种总数量的25%。对表型保留比例、遗传多样性指数、变异系数、表型频率方差、极差符合率、均值符合率、标准差符合率等检验参数进行了检验和评价。结果表明:调整后的核心种质除标准差符合率降低外,其余参数均优于或等于初选核心种质,更能代表原始样品;所构建的核心种质很好地保留了所有地方品种资源的遗传多样性和变异幅度。     

甜瓜黄瓜素基因启动子表达载体的构建及分析

该研究构建了由黄瓜素基因5′端310bp启动子序列驱动β-葡萄糖醛酸酶(GUS)报告基因的植物表达载体pPZP-CGN,通过花粉管通道法将植物表达载体pPZP-CGN导入甜瓜,并采用荧光法定量测定转基因植株中GUS活性。结果显示,gus基因在果实中高表达,而在根、茎、叶等组织中表达活性很低,表明黄瓜素基因上游310bp启动子具有指导外源基因在果实中高效特异表达的特性。     

Activation of AMPK by Bitter Melon Triterpenoids Involves CaMKKβ

We recently showed that bitter melon-derived triterpenoids (BMTs) activate AMPK and increase GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in vitro, and improve glucose disposal in insulin resistant models in vivo. Here we interrogated the mechanism by which these novel compounds activate AMPK, a leading anti-diabetic drug target. BMTs did not activate AMPK directly in an allosteric manner as AMP or the Abbott compound (A-769662) does, nor did they activate AMPK by inhibiting cellular respiration like many commonly used anti-diabetic medications. BMTs increased AMPK activity in both L6 myotubes and LKB1-deficient HeLa cells by 20–35%. Incubation with the CaMKKβ inhibitor, STO-609, completely attenuated this effect suggesting a key role for CaMKKβ in this activation. Incubation of L6 myotubes with the calcium chelator EGTA-AM did not alter this activation suggesting that the BMT-dependent activation was Ca²⁺-independent. We therefore propose that CaMKKβ is a key upstream kinase for BMT-induced activation of AMPK.     

The Effect of Cytokinins on Vitrification in Melon and Carnation

The influence of exogenous cytokinin on vitrification of melonand carnation buds grown in vitro was assessed. In melon, theanatomical traits of vitrification were found to be similarto those previously described for carnation grown on a highconcentration of auxin. In carnation, the plantlets treatedwith high cytokinin concentrations became bushy but the anatomicalstructure remained normal. The relation of cytokinin and vitrificationis discussed. Cucumis melo L., Dianthus caryophyllus L., vitrified plantlets, habituation, cytokinin