鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素（sGnRH）调节鲤鱼脑垂体生长激素分泌的离体研究

ｓＧｎＲＨ同时刺激离体灌流孵育的鲤鱼脑垂体ＧｔＨ和ＧＨ分泌,ＧｔＨ和ＧＨ对ｓＧｎＲＨ脉冲式刺激的分泌反应的时间进程和剂量依存关系相似。生长抑素显著抑制基础的ｓＧｎＲＨ刺激的ＧＨ分泌,但对ＧｔＨ分泌没有影响。阿扑吗啡以剂量依存方式显著抑制基础的ｓＧｎＲＨ促进的ＧｔＨ分泌,并显著刺激ＧＨ分泌,但对ｓＧｎＲＨ促进的ＧＨ分泌无影响。     

两栖和爬行类生长及生长激素分泌活动的调节

根据生长内分泌学,综述了近年来两栖和爬行类生长激素（ＧＨ）分泌活动的调节及生长激素在两栖爬行类生长中作用这一研究领域所取得的主要成就和研究进展,研究结果表明：在脊椎动物的进化过程中,ＧＨ的化学结构和功能是相当保守的;ＧＨ对两栖爬行类的生长起促进作用;类胰岛素生长因子（ＩＧＦｓ）也能冰分传递ＧＨ促进两栖类的生长;在两栖爬行类,下丘脑对ＧＨ分泌的调控较哺乳类缺乏特异性,利用外源ＧＨ促进两栖爬行类的生长     

生长激素结合蛋白

动物的生长调控作用中垂体分泌的生长激素 (ＧＨ)起着重要的作用。ＧＨ的生理调控作用的发挥又与血液中的生长激素结合蛋白(ｇｒｏｗｔｈｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ＧＨＢＰ)以及靶细胞膜上的生长激素受体 (ｇｒｏｗｔｈｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｒｅ ｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＧＨＲ)的作用不可分割。这三者以及下丘脑的生长激素释放因子 (ＧＨｒｅｌｅａｓｅｆａｃ ｔｏｒ ,ＧＨＲＦ) ,还有垂体的生长抑素 (ｓｏｍａｔｏ ｓｔａｔｉｎ ,ＳＳ)等共同构成动物的内分泌生长轴(ｓｏｍａｔｏｔｒｏｐｉｃａｘｉｓ) ,对动物的生长发育起着决定性的…     

大麻哈鱼生长激素基因Ⅱ的分子克隆和序列分析

以λ噬菌体ＥＭＢＬ－３为基因载体,构建大麻哈鱼（Ｏｎｃｏｒｈｙｎｃｈｕｓ　ｋｅｔａ）基因组文库,并从中分离出含全长的生长激素（ｃｓＧＨ）基因的克隆。本研究首次报道了对ｃｓＧＨ全长核苷酸序列分析的结果。发现ｃｓＧＨ基因由６个外显子和５个内含子组成,长度为３３６１碱基对（ｂｐ）。由该序列可推导出含２１０个氨基酸的多肽,其中存在２２个疏水氨基酸残基的信号肽。本研究所分析的ｃｓＧＨ的外显子和内含子,其排列方式与其他鲑类（Ｓａｌｍｏｎｉｄｓ）和罗非鱼（Ｔｉｌａｐｉａ）是相似的,而与鲤科鱼类（Ｃａｒｐｓ）不同,后者外显子和内含子的排列方式与哺乳类和鸟类相似。将所测定的 ｃｓＧＨ基因的编码区与已发表的 ｃｓＧＨⅡ和ｃｓＧＨ Ⅱ两种 ｃＤＮＡ序列进行比较,证明本研究所克隆的 ｃｓＧＨ基因应属于 ｃｓＧＨ Ⅱ,因它们的编码序列 １００％同源。     

肝细胞生长因子的生物学功能与应用

肝细胞生长因子 (ｈｅｐａｔｏｃｙｔｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＨＧＦ)又称扩散因子 (Ｓｃａｔｔｅｒｆａｃａｔｏｒ,ＳＦ) ,最初是从血浆和血小板中纯化获得并认为是一种刺激肝细胞生长增生的有丝分裂原 ,对肝切除或化学损伤后的肝再生起重要作用[1] 。 1984年 ,Ｎａｋａｍｕｒａ等从部分肝切除的大鼠血清中分离到一种能刺激原代培养的肝细胞生长和合成的肝源性因子 ,并首次将它命名为肝细胞生长因子[2 ] 。自从ＨＧＦ的发现至今 ,国内外对其作了许多研究 ,对它的来源、结构、功能乃至基因序列都已有了较为全面、透彻的了解。目前已知Ｈ…     

用重组痘苗病毒表达pGHcDNA的研究

构建了含有ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ的重组痘苗病毒,用ＥＬＩＳＡ证明该重组病毒在被感染的ｈ１４３细胞中,可表达出猪生长激素并将之分泌到培养基中,表达量约为１．０５μｇ／１０＾６细胞（２４ｈ）,用定位免疫化学法进一步证明该病毒可感染小鼠并在小鼠体内表达ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ,同时还构建了含双拷贝ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ的重组痘苗病毒,并证明其ｐＧＨ表达量比单拷贝重组病毒有明显提高,约为１．５０μｇ／１０＾６细胞（２４ｈ）     

用重组痘苗病毒表达pGHcDNA的研究

构建了含有ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ的重组痘苗病毒,用ＥＬＩＳＡ证明该重组病毒在被感染的ｈ１４３细胞中,可表达出猪生长激素并将之分泌到培养基中,表达量约为１．０５μｇ／１０￣６细胞（２４ｈ）。用定位免疫化学法进一步证明该病毒可感染小鼠并在小鼠体内表达ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ。同时还构建了含双拷贝ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ的重组痘苗病毒,并证明其ｐＧＨ表达量比单拷贝重组病毒有明显提高,约为１．５０μｇ／１０￣６细胞（２４ｈ）。     

生物激素释放因子在动物骨骼肌的表达

生长激素释放因子是由动物和人的下丘脑合成并分泌的多肽,具有促进生长激素合成与分泌的作用,从而提高动物生长速度,向肌肉组织注射质粒DNA,外源基因可以较稳定表达一定的影响,将含生长激素释放因子基因的表达质粒注射动物肌肉组织,可能成为一种刺激动物生长的新方法。     

日粮添加塞曼特罗（CIM）对大鼠生长胴体组成及GH水平的影响

选用２４只２月龄ＳＤ处女鼠配对分组,实验组日粮添加１０μｇ／ｇ塞曼特罗（ＣＩＭ）,试验期３０天。与对照组比较,ＣＩＭ显著提高大鼠生长速度（２７．３０％,Ｐ＜０．０１）和胴体比率,降低腰胁部脂肪重,提高腓肠肌、比目鱼肌和趾浅屈肌的鲜重和ＲＮＡ合量及ＰＮＡ／ＤＮＡ值,同时提高大鼠垂体和血清ＧＨ水平分别达３６．７０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和２３．７７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,降低血清脲氮含量。表明ＣＩＭ可显著促进大鼠生长,降低体脂含量,促进肌肉肥大,促进蛋白沉积。其作用机理可能还与其促进ＧＨ的合成和分泌有关。     

生长激素释放因子在动物骨骼肌的表达

生长激素释放因子是由动物和人的下丘脑合成并分泌的多肽,具有促进生长激素合成与分泌的作用,从而提高动物生长速度。向肌肉组织注射质粒DNA,外源基因可以较稳定表达一定的时间。将含生长激素释放因子基因的表达质粒注射动物肌肉组织,可能成为一种刺激动物生长的新方法。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism