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1.
C Syldatk V Mackowiak H H?ke C Gross G Dombach F Wagner 《Journal of biotechnology》1990,14(3-4):345-361
A microorganism with the ability to form L-tryptophan from D,L-5-(3-indolyl-methyl)hydantoin (D,L-5-IMH) was isolated and identified as Arthrobacter sp. (DSM 3747). After isolation of a mutant with high tryptophan production activity but low tryptophan degradation, cultural conditions were optimized to achieve high amounts of biomass with good specific activities concerning the enzymatic hydantoin-cleaving reactions. The ability of the microorganism to perform these bioconversions was found to be inducible by D,L-5-IMH as well as to be dependent on the presence of Mn2+. The highest specific D,L-5-IMH-cleaving activity of the cells was observed in the exponential phase of growth. The addition of yeast extract to the mineral salts medium was found to be essential for obtaining biomass concentrations of about 25 g l-1 cell dry mass by bioreactor cultivations. In order to obtain a constantly high growth rate, feeding of the C-source was pO2-controlled. The inducer D,L-5-IMH had to be continuously fed to prevent a decline of the L-tryptophan-forming enzyme activities, because it was subjected to degradation with the enzymes induced and higher concentrations of D,L-5-IMH aggravated the growth significantly. The synthesis of the enzymes was also inducible, when inducer and Mn2+ were not added until the late growth phase. Using this process, the consumption of D,L-5-IMH was reduced remarkably. So, under these conditions biomass concentrations of 25 g l-1 cell dry weight with a specific enzymatic activity of 0.20 mmol g-1 h-1 (tryptophan per dry mass per time) could be obtained within 13 h. Using 1 g l-1 of the chemically modified inducer D,L-5-(3-indolylmethyl)-3-N-methylhydantoin, which was not degradable by the microorganisms, a biomass concentration of 28 g l-1 cell dry weight with a specific activity of 0.34 mmol g-1 h-1 (tryptophan per dry mass per time) could be obtained within 28 h. 相似文献
2.
Immobilization of the hydantoin cleaving enzymes from Arthrobacter aurescens DSM 3747. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The immobilization procedure of the two industrially important hydantoin cleaving enzymes--hydantoinase and L-N-carbamoylase from Arthrobacter aurescens DSM 3747--was optimized. Using different methods (carbodiimide, epoxy activated carriers) it was possible to immobilize the crude hydantoinase from A. aurescens DSM 3747 to supports containing primary amino groups with a yield of up to 60%. Immobilization on more hydrophobic supports such as Eupergit C and C 250 L resulted in lower yields of activity, whereas the total protein coupled remained constant. All attempts to immobilize the crude L-N-carbamoylase resulted in only low activity yields. Therefore, the enzyme was highly purified and used in immobilization experiments. The pure enzyme could easily be obtained in large amounts by cultivation of a recombinant Escherichia coli strain following a three step purification protocol consisting of cell disruption, chromatography on Streamline diethylaminoethyl and Mono Q. The immobilization of the L-N-carbamoylase was optimized with respect to the coupling yield by varying the coupling method as well as the concentrations of protein, carrier and carbodiimide. Using 60 mM of water-soluble carbodiimide, nearly 100% of the enzyme activity and protein could be immobilized to EAH Sepharose 4B. 相似文献
3.
Wiese A Wilms B Syldatk C Mattes R Altenbuchner J 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2001,55(6):750-757
The genes encoding hydantoinases (hyuH1) and carbamoylases (hyuC1) from Arthrobacter aurescens DSM 3745 and Arthrobacter aurescens DSM 3747 (hyuH2, hyuC2) were cloned in Escherichia coli and the nucleotide sequences determined. The hydantoinase genes comprised 1,377 base pairs and the carbamoylase genes 1,239 base pairs each. Both hydantoinases, as well as both carbamoylases, showed a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity (96-98%). The hyuH and hyuC genes were expressed in E. coli under the control of the rhamnose promoter and the different specific activities obtained in E. coli crude extracts were compared to those produced by the original hosts. For purification the hyuH2 gene was expressed as a maltose-binding protein (MalE) and as an intein-chitin binding domain (CBD) fusion in E. coli. The expression of malE-hyuH2 resulted in the production of more soluble and active protein. With respect to temperature stability, optimal pH and optimal temperature, substrate and stereospecificity, the purified fusion enzyme exhibited properties similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. 相似文献
4.
Wilms B Wiese A Syldatk C Mattes R Altenbuchner J Pietzsch M 《Journal of biotechnology》1999,68(2-3):101-113
An L-N-carbamoyl amino acid amidohydrolase (L-N-carbamoylase) from Arthrobacter aurescens DSM 3747 was cloned in E. coli and the nucleotide sequence was determined. After expression of the gene in E. coli the enzyme was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme was shown to be strictly L-specific and exhibited the highest activity in the hydrolysis of beta-aryl substituted N alpha-carbamoyl-alanines as e.g. N-carbamoyl-tryptophan. Carbamoyl derivatives of beta-alanine and charged aliphatic amino acids were not accepted as substrates. The N-carbamoylase of A. aurescens DSM 3747 differs from all known enzymes with respect to its substrate specificity although amino acid sequence identity scores of 35-38% to other N-carbamoylases have been detected. The enzyme consists of two subunits of 44,000 Da, and has an isoelectric point of 4.3. The optima of temperature and pH were determined to be 50 degrees C and pH 8.5 respectively. At 37 degrees C the enzyme was completely stable for several days. 相似文献
5.
Carol J. Hartley Shaun Kirchmann Stephanie G. Burton Rosemary A. Dorrington 《Biotechnology letters》1998,20(7):707-711
Conversion of D,L-p-hydroxyphenylhydantoin to D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine by Agrobacterium tumefaciens RU-OR involved a racemase, an hydantoinase and an unusual D-selective N-carbamylamino acid amidohydrolase which was active at alkaline pH and was not inhibited by N-carbamyl-L-amino acids. Enzyme activity was induced by growth in media containing 2-thiouracil. A mutant strain (RU-ORL5) was isolated, which expressed both the hydantoinase and N-carbamylamino acid amidohydrolase enzymes in the absence of inducer. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
6.
W H Fridman A Guimezanes R H Gisler 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1977,119(4):1266-1268
L-5178-Y, a theta-positive, Fc receptor-bearing mouse thymoma cell line spontaneously releases immunoglobulin-binding factor (IBF) upon short-term incubation in vitro. IBF produced by L-5178-Y cells is identical in its biologic activity with IBF produced by Fc receptor positive alloantigen-activated T cells. It suppresses the in vitro plaque response of mouse spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes by interfering mainly with the late phase of the generation of antibody-forming cells. Therefore, L-5178-Y thymoma affords a homogeneous source of IBF in sufficient quantities for the study of its biochemical nature and the mechanism by which it interferes with cells participating in antibody synthesis. 相似文献
7.
Resting-cell suspensions of Serratia marcescens were able to convert, quantitatively, 0.3% vanillin to vanillic acid. The vanillic acid-producing activity reached a maximum after 28 h of incubation with 0.01% vanillin as an inducer. 相似文献
8.
Sahar F. Deraz Martin Hedström Eva Nordberg Karlsson Sara Linse Ashraf A. Khalil Bo Mattiasson 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(7):911-921
Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 is the producer of a novel bacteriocin termed acidocin D20079. In this paper, a partial sequence of this peptide
is determined, together with data on its secondary structure. A modification of the MRS-growth medium (replacing the detergent
Tween 80 with oleic acid), was shown to improve the production level of the peptide by one order of magnitude, as well as
to stabilize the activity level. Addition of a detergent (Tween 20, less interfering in mass spectrometric analysis), was
however necessary for solubilization of the purified acidocin D20079. Digestion of the peptide followed by de-novo sequencing
of generated fragments, allowed determination of a partial sequence consisting of 39 of the totally estimated 65 residues.
Acidocin D20079 has a high content of glycine residues, hydrophobic residues, and acidic residues. No modified amino acids
were found. Edman degradation, and C-terminal sequencing failed, suggesting that the peptide may be cyclic, and a novel member
of class IIc bacteriocins. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and secondary structure prediction showed random coil conformation
in aqueous solution, but secondary structure was induced in the presence of sodium-dodecyl sulfate. The data could be fitted
assuming 2–13% of the residues to be in α-helix and 23–27% of the residues to be in β-strand conformation. This indicates
that a membrane/membrane-mimicking hydrocarbon–water interface induces an active conformation. 相似文献
9.
An Arthrobacter sp. isolated from a glucose-sucrose agar plate was found to produce a neutral, extremely viscous, opalescent extracellular polymer. Growth, polymer production, and rheological properties and chemical composition of the isolated polymer were examined. The polymer was found to be substantially different from other arthrobacter polymers. Some unusual properties included irreversible loss of viscosity with high temperature and degradation of the polymer during fermentation and upon storage at 4 degrees C. Other characteristics included dependence on sucrose for polymer production, relative pH stability, increased viscosity with increased salt concentration, and pseudoplasticity. The polymer was found to be composed primarily (if not entirely) of d-fructose. The fructose content and other characteristics suggested that the polymer was a levan. 相似文献
10.
The oxidation of aminoacetone by a species of Arthrobacter 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
1. A micro-organism similar to Arthrobacter globiformis has been isolated from sewage by elective growth on a medium containing l-threonine as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. 2. Washed cell suspensions of the organism catalyse the complete disappearance of aminoacetone from the medium and its almost complete oxidation. 3. In the presence of iodoacetate, aminoacetone disappearance is accompanied by the accumulation of methylglyoxal, about 70% of the aminoacetone removed being accounted for in this way. 4. It is suggested that the conversion of aminoacetone into methylglyoxal is catalysed by an amine oxidase. 相似文献
11.
Resting-cell suspensions of Serratia marcescens were able to convert, quantitatively, 0.3% vanillin to vanillic acid. The vanillic acid-producing activity reached a maximum after 28 h of incubation with 0.01% vanillin as an inducer. 相似文献
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15.
Chemically oxidized, catalytically inactive, pseudomonad l-tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.1.12) can be photoactivated aerobically as well as anaerobically by light of wavelength less than 360 nm. The substrate, l-tryptophan, must be present for photoactivation to proceed. In these studies, a CCl4 filter was used to block light of wavelength less than 265 nm, preventing photolysis of water and the concomitant production of H2O2 (known reductant of tryptophan oxygenase). Photoactivation is not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or formate and is only slightly inhibited by catalase. Nonsubstrate analogues of l-tryptophan, 5-fluorotryptophan (binds to the catalytic site), and α-methyltryptophan (binds to the allosteric site), separately or in concert, do not mediate photoactivation, while another substrate, 6-fluorotryptophan, can. Saturation of the allosteric site with α-methyltryptophan increases the extent of photoactivation in the presence of a nonsaturating level of l-tryptophan, indicating that photoactivation is dependent on the extent of saturation of the catalytic site by l-tryptophan. During the time course of photoactivation, catalytic activity increases faster than does the formation of ferroheme enzyme, indicating that the fully reduced enzyme, (ferroheme)2(Cu+)2, is formed from the fully oxidized enzyme, (ferriheme)2(Cu2+)2, subsequent to photoactivation. A significant amount of the half-reduced, catalytically active enzyme, (ferriheme)2(Cu+)2, exists during the time course of photoactivation. We propose that the mechanism by which electrons enter tryptophan oxygenase is via “electron ejection” [T. R. Hopkins and R. Lumry (1972) Photochem. Photobiol.15, 555–566] from a photoexcited l-tryptophan bound at, the catalvtic site. 相似文献
16.
Arthrobacter species, isolated from the leaf cavities and the microsporocarps of the aquatic fern species Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides, produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in culture when the precursor tryptophan was added to the medium. No IAA production was detected in the absence of tryptophan. Maximum IAA formation was obtained in the first 2 d of incubation. Part of the tryptophan was transformed to N alpha-acetyl-L-tryptophan. 相似文献
17.
A resting cell system was used for the production of glycolipids byPseudomonasaeruginosa CFTR-6. In this, the growth phase was separated from the production phase to overcome the inhibition of glycolipid production by inorganic phosphate. It was shown that when the cells were transferred after the growth phase into a medium devoid of phosphate, glycolipid production was increased nearly twofold. The maximum glycolipid concentration was attained much more rapidly than the conventional batch fermentation system, thus increasing the productivity. 相似文献
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19.
Production of Two Extracellular Alkaline Phosphatases by a Psychrophilic Arthrobacter Strain
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We surveyed our collection of psychrophilic bacteria to determine the types of phosphatases they produce and whether any had heat-labile activities with potential applications. Assays at different temperatures showed that the activity from one isolate was optimal at 45(deg)C and decreased dramatically above 55(deg)C. This isolate, D10, had the rod-coccus morphological cycle and cell wall amino acids associated with members of the Arthrobacter genus. Interestingly, we found that this strain made two extracellular phosphatases that could be separated by ammonium sulfate fractionation and migration during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One enzyme, designated D10A, hydrolyzed both X-phos (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) and para-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrates and had activity over a broad pH range of 7 to 11. The second enzyme, D10B, lacked activity against X-phos and had a narrow pH range of about 8 to 9. In addition, the D10B enzyme required calcium for activity. The levels of activity of both enzymes decreased for cells grown in media containing more than 100 (mu)M P(infi). These results not only demonstrate the existence of different enzymes from one Arthrobacter strain but also suggest ways in which other studies may have missed phosphatases with unknown requirements. 相似文献
20.
Summary Various microorganisms were screened for their ability to produce 2-ketobutyric acid (2-KBA) from 1,2-butanediol (1,2-BD). Among them, Rhodococcus equi IFO 3730 was selected as the best strain. The various culture and reaction conditions were optimized using this strain. Limitation of thiamine in the growing medium was found to be effective. The resting cells of the strain grown on 1,2-propanediol as the carbon source yielded 15.7 g/l of 2-KBA from 20 g/l of 1,2-BD after 32 h incubation at 30 °C in the reaction mixture under optimal conditions. 相似文献