猪脂肪前体细胞分化过程中聚脂相关基因的表达模式

本实验采用胶原酶消化法分离猪皮下脂肪前体细胞,用含850 nmol/L 胰岛素和50 nmol/L地塞米松的诱导培养液进行诱导,采用油红O提取法测定了细胞中的甘油三酯含量,同时采用实时定量RT-PCR方法检测了细胞分化过程中聚脂相关基因的表达.结果显示:转录因子PPAR γ和C/EBP β在诱导后12 h即迅速表达,SREBP-1 mRNA表达水平在诱导后12 h出现显著下调,随后逐渐升高,96 h达到最高水平;脂肪合成相关酶基因GPDH、FAS、ACC和LPL呈现出与SREBP-1相似的表达模式;脂肪酸转运相关基因aP2、FAT、FATP1与VLDLR的表达量随着细胞分化过程的延长而不断增加,并且与细胞内甘油三酯的含量变化高度相关.本实验结果表明,PPAR γ、C/EBP β和SREBP-1可能是调控猪脂肪前体细胞分化的关键转录因子.猪皮下脂肪组织在聚脂过程中,在分化早期可能以脂肪细胞自身合成脂肪酸为主,而后期则主要依赖细胞外脂肪酸的跨膜转运.这些结果可能有助于揭示脂肪细胞的分化调控规律.     

罗格列酮和血清脂对绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化的影响

目的探讨罗格列酮(rosiglitazone,Ros)和血清脂(serum lipid,Lip)对绵羊前体脂肪细胞分化的影响及不同组织来源的前体脂肪细胞分化影响的差异。方法用不同浓度的Ros和(或)Lip培养绵羊皮下前体脂肪细胞和肾周前体脂肪细胞,通过测量3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GPDH)活性和油红O染色萃取液A值分析前体脂肪细胞的分化程度和脂肪细胞充脂量的变化,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测PPARγ和LPL mRNA的表达水平。结果 Ros和Lip提高细胞GPDH活性和脂滴的沉积量(P<0.05),上调LPL mRNA表达(P<0.05),最佳浓度分别为100nmol/L和20μL/mL;最佳浓度条件下Ros的诱导作用强于Lip(P<0.05),Ros显著提高了PPARγmRNA表达量(P<0.05),而Lip对PPARγmRNA的表达没有明显影响(P>0.05);Ros和Lip共同诱导与Ros单独作用之间没有明显差异(P>0.05);在相同诱导分化条件下,皮下前体脂肪细胞的分化程度高于肾周前体脂肪细胞(P<0.05)。结论研究结果表明Ros和Lip可促进绵羊前体脂肪细胞的分化,在相同条件下,皮下前体脂肪细胞的分化能力强于肾周前体脂肪细胞。     

应用原子力显微镜分析猪脂肪前体细胞的分化

脂肪形成过程中发生的异常变化与许多疾病的产生有着密切的关系。为深入了解脂肪形成的机制,利用原子力显微镜研究脂肪前体细胞向成熟脂肪细胞分化前后细胞形貌、超微结构和机械性能的变化。结果表明,脂肪前体细胞与成熟脂肪细胞在形貌上存在明显的差异。在超微结构的探测中成熟脂肪细胞表面粗糙度低于脂肪前体细胞。通过力曲线的分析得出,分化前后两种细胞的机械性质均发生改变。脂肪前体细胞在粘弹力、硬度和杨氏模量的研究中比成熟脂肪细胞都高出约20％。原子力显微镜在纳米尺度上分析脂肪前体细胞向成熟脂肪细胞分化过程中细胞膜的改变,其研究结果为进一步探讨脂肪形成机制提供可视化定量数据。     

罗格列酮对胰岛素抵抗人肝细胞Angpil3和LXRα基因表达的影响

研究罗格列酮对胰岛素抵抗人肝L02细胞Angptl3基因及与脂代谢相关的LXRα基因的影响.采用高胰岛素诱导法建立胰岛素抵抗模型(IR-L02),分别加入含有和不含罗格列酮的不同葡萄糖浓度培养液培养,用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶法(GOD-POD法)检测培养液残存葡萄糖量,并用RT-PCR方法检测基因Angptl3、LXRα mRNA表达水平的变化.结果表明相同葡萄糖浓度下罗格列酮作用组(IR-R组)的培养液残存葡萄糖量比无罗格列酮作用组(IR组)减少;IR-R组的Angptl3、LXRα mRNA表达水平较IR组显著升高(P<0.05).     

罗格列酮对胰岛素抵抗人肝细胞Angpil3和LXRce基因表达的影响

研究罗格列酮对胰岛素抵抗人肝L02细胞Angptl3基因及与脂代谢相关的LXRα基因的影响。采用高胰岛素诱导法建立胰岛素抵抗模型（IR-L02）,分别加入含有和不含罗格列酮的不同葡萄糖浓度培养液培养,用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶法（GOD—POD法）检测培养液残存葡萄糖量,并用RT-PCR方法检测基因Angptl3、LXRαmRNA表达水平的变化。结果表明相同葡萄糖浓度下罗格列酮作用组（IR—R组）的培养液残存葡萄糖量比无罗格列酮作用组（IR组）减少;IR—R组的Angptl3、LXRαmRNA表达水平较IR组显著升高（P〈0．05）。     

利用功能分类基因芯片研究不同品种猪脂肪中特定基因的发育性变化

利用Oligo功能分类基因芯片检测了瘦肉型的长白猪和脂肪型的太湖猪在1、2、3、4和5月龄间背部皮下脂肪中脂肪沉积代谢和细胞生长调控相关基因的动态表达变化。差异表达分析结果显示1~5月龄的品种间分别有10、6、11、8和19个基因的表达差异倍数大于2倍, 且长白猪有25个基因在不同月龄间的表达差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。其中血管生成素样蛋白4 (ANGPTL4)、组织蛋白酶K (CTSK) 、异柠檬酸脱氢酶2(NADP+) (IDH2)、脂蛋白脂酶 (LPL)、苹果酸酶1 (ME1)、 硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶 (SCD)和解藕联蛋白2 (UCP2)这7个基因不仅在同月龄的品种间和品种内的不同月龄间差异表达, 主成分分析结果也显示其表达模式明显偏离其他基因, 提示受到了特殊的调控。聚类分析结果显示1~5月龄间长白猪中正调控脂肪酸代谢基因的表达量逐渐上调, 太湖猪中参与细胞生长调控基因的表达量平缓波动且变化幅度相对较小。另外, 5个差异表达基因的荧光定量RT-PCR验证结果均与芯片结果呈正相关趋势。结果成功筛选出了对猪胴体和肉质性状可能具有重要影响并值得深入研究的一些候选基因, 初步揭示了相关基因的表达变化规律, 为了解生长发育过程中脂肪酸合成与水解的动态平衡过程提供了基础数据。     

利用功能分类基因芯片研究不同品种猪脂肪中特定基因的发育性变化

利用Oligo功能分类基因芯片检测了瘦肉型的长白猪和脂肪型的太湖猪在1、2、3、4和5月龄间背部皮下脂肪中脂肪沉积代谢和细胞生长调控相关基因的动态表达变化。差异表达分析结果显示1~5月龄的品种间分别有10、6、11、8和19个基因的表达差异倍数大于2倍, 且长白猪有25个基因在不同月龄间的表达差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。其中血管生成素样蛋白4 (ANGPTL4)、组织蛋白酶K (CTSK) 、异柠檬酸脱氢酶2(NADP+) (IDH2)、脂蛋白脂酶 (LPL)、苹果酸酶1 (ME1)、 硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶 (SCD)和解藕联蛋白2 (UCP2)这7个基因不仅在同月龄的品种间和品种内的不同月龄间差异表达, 主成分分析结果也显示其表达模式明显偏离其他基因, 提示受到了特殊的调控。聚类分析结果显示1~5月龄间长白猪中正调控脂肪酸代谢基因的表达量逐渐上调, 太湖猪中参与细胞生长调控基因的表达量平缓波动且变化幅度相对较小。另外, 5个差异表达基因的荧光定量RT-PCR验证结果均与芯片结果呈正相关趋势。结果成功筛选出了对猪胴体和肉质性状可能具有重要影响并值得深入研究的一些候选基因, 初步揭示了相关基因的表达变化规律, 为了解生长发育过程中脂肪酸合成与水解的动态平衡过程提供了基础数据。     

原代培养大鼠脂肪前体细胞分化过程中PPARγ和C/EBPαmRNA的表达(简报)

脂肪前体细胞是一类具有增殖分化能力的单能干细胞,在体内多种因素的影响下,脂肪前体细胞聚脂分化为成熟脂肪细胞。研究表明,脂肪前体细胞的聚脂分化过程受到一系列基因的调控,其中.过氧化物酶体增殖体激活受体(peroxisome prolifera- tors-activated receptor gamma,PPARγ)与CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α(CCAAT/enhancer binding protein al-     

罗格列酮对脓毒症小鼠转归的影响

目的:探讨罗格列酮对脓毒症小鼠转归的影响。方法:采用雄性昆明小鼠,以盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)建立脓毒症小鼠模型。48只小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(n=12)、脓毒症模型组(n=12)、罗格列酮预防组(预防组,n=12)及罗格列酮治疗组(治疗组,n=12)。各组分别于模型建立后24h和48h时留取血标本后活杀大鼠。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组大鼠血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)及脂联素的含量。检测24h肌酸激酶(CK)、动脉氧分压(PaO2)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)等各器官功能指标的变化并绘制各组小鼠的生存曲线。结果:血清HMGB1含量与脂联素存在显著负相关性(r=-0.889)。脓毒症组、罗格列酮干预组各时相点HMGB1水平均较对照组高(P0.05)。预防组和治疗组HMGB1含量较模型组呈减少趋势(P0.01)。而脂联素含量的变化与HMGB1相反。与脓毒症组相比,罗格列酮预防和治疗组血清CK、PaO2、ALT、AST、Cr、BUN水平均明显改善(P0.01)。预防组和治疗组小鼠生存率明显高于模型组(P0.01)。结论:罗格列酮可显著提高脓毒症小鼠的生存率,抑制晚期炎症介质HMGB1的表达,促进脂联素的分泌,对脓毒症小鼠的心、肺、肝、肾等重要器官均具有保护作用。     

罗格列酮对果糖饲养SD大鼠肝肾功能、血脂、血常规的影响

目的:了解罗格列酮(Rosiglitazone)处理果糖饲养的SD大鼠后对肝、肾功能,血常规的影响。方法:将24只成年健康SD大鼠随机分为A、B两组。A组持续喂高果糖饲料1月后再随机分为:①高果糖饲养组;②果糖饲养同时用罗格列酮处理组。B组喂标准饲料1月后随机分为:①对照组;②罗格列酮处理组。采用氧化酶法、放免法等技术方法测定大鼠的空腹血糖、血脂、胰岛素水平,肝功能,肾功能,血常规等指标。结果:与对照组相比:果糖饲养组大鼠直接胆红素、总胆红素、间接胆红素、血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇、甘油三酯等指标均升高;而总蛋白、钾、钠、氯、胰岛素敏感指数等指标均下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。而罗格列酮处理组中总胆红素、间接胆红素、尿酸和尿素/肌酐等指标均升高;而总蛋白、球蛋白、钾、钠、氨水平、甘油三酯、血常规细胞数、血红蛋白均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。与果糖饲养组相比,果糖饲养罗格列酮处理组的总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷草转氨酶、间接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、总胆固醇均升高;而胰岛素、甘油三酯、钙离子水平均下降差异均具有统计学意义,且前面三个指标的差异更明显(P＜0．05)。结论:罗格列酮在治疗过程中虽改善了果糖饲养SD大鼠所引起的胰岛素抵抗,但会加重肝肾功能障碍;对机体有一定的毒副作用。     

Gene expression patterns of bovine perimuscular preadipocytes during adipogenesis

Bovine perimuscular fat (PMF) preadipocytes were induced to undergo adipogenesis in vitro in our recent study to define the expression patterns of genes involved in the differentiation process. Based on the understanding of the interaction among adipogenic genes, a broad overview of gene expression profile in the differentiating PMF preadipocytes was evaluated using bovine specific DNA microarray from day 2 to 8 post-differentiation induction. A total of 100 significantly differentially expressed genes were detected between differentiated and control cells including those involved in several biochemical pathways and cellular/molecular signaling. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR validated that typical adipogenic genes were up-regulated at early differentiation in the preadipocytes. These results suggest that the PMF preadipocyte system is available as a novel in vitro model for molecular adipogenesis studies in the bovine and that a series of genes are switched on/off during early events associated with adipogenesis.     

Knockdown of ubiquitin D inhibits adipogenesis during the differentiation of porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocytes

Objectives

Intramuscular fat (IMF) has a significant influence on porcine meat quality. Ubiquitin D (UBD) is involved in the management of diverse intracellular processes. However, its physiological functions in adipose cell differentiation and proliferation are still poorly defined.

Materials and methods

Intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocytes were isolated from the longissimus dorsi and neck subcutaneous deposits of Chinese native Guanzhong Black piglets (3‐5 days old), respectively. Lentivirus with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for UBD was applied to knockdown UBD expression. We used real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis to detect gene expression. Lipid droplets were dyed with Oil Red O, and cell proliferation was assessed using flow cytometry, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation and cell counting assays.

Results

Lipogenesis through the Akt/mTOR pathway was inhibited when preadipocytes were transfected with UBD shRNA. The expression of adipogenic genes and the number of lipid droplets were obviously diminished. Moreover, repression of UBD attenuated cell proliferation. UBD downregulation resulted in cell cycle arrest because of a decreased proportion of S‐phase cells, and the expression of positive cell proliferation markers was significantly decreased.

Conclusion

These observations illustrated that knockdown of UBD partially suppressed porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocyte adipogenesis through the Akt/mTOR signalling and inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting the essential role of UBD in the differentiation of preadipocytes.

     

EGCG对猪前体脂肪细胞增殖和分化的作用

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（Epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG）是绿茶提取物EGCG的生物活性成分,为了探讨其对猪前体脂肪细胞增殖和分化的影响,以不同浓度EGCG处理猪前体脂肪细胞,MTT法测定EGCG对猪前体脂肪细胞生长的影响;油红O染色检测猪前体脂肪细胞的形态学变化;油红O染色提取法定量分析脂肪细胞充脂量的变化;半定量RT-PCR检测分化转录因子过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体佗（PPARγ2）和CCAAT／增强子结合蛋白α（C／EBPα）mRNA表达水平变化。结果显示：EGCG随着浓度的递增显著抑制猪前体脂肪细胞的增殖（P〈0．01）;低浓度的EGCG（5μmol／L）不影响脂肪细胞分化,而高浓度EGCG（200μmol／L）显著抑制猪前体脂肪细胞分化,同时下调PPARγ2和C／EBPαmRNA表达,本研究结果表明EGCG可抑制猪前体脂肪细胞的增殖和分化。     

烟酰胺在原代培养的猪前体脂肪细胞增殖分化中的作用

为研究烟酰胺(Nicotinamide,NAM)在原代培养的猪前体脂肪细胞增殖分化中的作用,探讨其作用的分子机制,用不同浓度(0-500μmol/L)的NAM处理猪前体脂肪细胞。MTT和油红O染色及提取法检测结果表明:在不同的作用时间内,与对照组相比,100-500μmol/L的NAM均可以促进猪前体脂肪细胞的增殖分化,随着NAM浓度的增加,其对前体脂肪细胞增殖分化的促进作用逐渐上升,当浓度为300μmol/L时达到高峰,即300μmol/L NAM的促进效果最为显著(P<0.05);随后,400和500μmol/L NAM的促进作用逐渐减弱。RT-PCR法分析结果表明,Sirt1 mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.05),而其靶基因FoxO1和脂肪细胞分化标志基因PPARγ2、C/EBPα mRNA表达量明显升高(P<0.01),aP2和LPL表达也显著增加(P<0.05)。表明NAM是Sirt1的一个有效抑制剂,它可能通过抑制Sirt1的表达来促进猪前体脂肪细胞增殖和分化。     

Decreases in local hormone biosynthesis and c-fos gene expression accompany differentiation of porcine preadipocytes

Summary To better understand possible autocrine or paracrine mechanisms involved in adipose tissue development, we have studied the biosynthesis of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) by cultured porcine preadipocytes in response to factors known to modulate cell growth and differentiation. The expression of c-fos was also monitored because of the potential role of that proto-oncogene in coordination of growth and differentiation. Preadipocytes were grown to confluence and then maintained in one of three media treatments: a) standard medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), b) FBS supplemented with dexamethasone (Dex), c) FBS supplemented with dibutryladenosine 3′–5′-cyclic monophosphate. Indirect measurements of growth indicated that cell proliferation did not differ due to media type. Histochemical and enzymatic measurements of adipocyte development revealed that differentiation occurred only in those cultures exposed to Dex. The increase in adipocyte differentiation in response to Dex was associated with a decrease in c-fos and actin RNA expression whereas the decrease in c-fos RNA expression in response to Dex was small (approximately 40%); immunocytochemical analysis indicated that induction of Fos protein occurred only in undifferentiated cells. Thus, the cells responsible for the decrease in c-fos RNA expression are possibly those signaled to differentiate into adipocytes. Expression of IGF-I RNA and secretion of IGF-I and PGE₂ were also decreased in response to Dex treatment. These data provide the first demonstration that biosynthesis of IGF-I by preadipocytes can be modulated by a potent inducer of adipocyte differentiation. The combined results indicate that glucocorticoids may stimulate adipocyte differentiation by suppressing intracellular and putative intercellular mitogenic signals. This work was supported in part by grant HD 18447 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G. J. H.). Mention of a trade mark, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U. S. Department of Agriculture or University of Georgia and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.