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1.
    
It is widely accepted that the genetic divergence and reproductive incompat- ibility between closely related species and/or populations is often viewed as an important step toward speciation. In this study, sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern XS population and the northern TA population of the polyandrous cabbage beetle Co- laphellus bowringi was investigated by testing their mating preferences, mating latency, copulation duration, and reproductive performances of post-mating. In choice mating ex- periments, the percentages ofmatings were significantly higher in intra-population crosses than in inter-population crosses. Both isolation index (/) and index of pair sexual isolation (/PSi) indicated partial mating incompatibility or assortative mating in crosses between the two different geographical populations. In single pair mating experiments, XS females in inter-population crosses mated significantly later and copulated significantly shorter than those in intra-population crosses. However, TA females in inter-population crosses mated significantly earlier and copulated longer than those in intra-population crosses, suggesting that larger XS males may enhance heterotypic mating. The lifetime fecundity was highest in XS homotypic matings, lowest in TA homotypic matings, and intermedi- ate in heterotypic rnatings between their parents. The inter-population crosses resulted in significantly lower egg hatching rate and shorter female longevity than intra-population crosses. These results demonstrated that there exist some incompatibilities in premating, postmating-prezygotic, and postzygotic stages between the southern XS population and northern TA population of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi.  相似文献   

2.
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly是十字花科蔬菜的一种重要害虫,以成虫在土壤中滞育越冬和越夏。本研究通过解剖大猿叶虫非滞育成虫,观察描述了雌雄成虫内生殖系统的结构特点,并绘制了雌雄成虫内生殖系统模式图。对滞育初期、滞育期间、滞育解除后未取食和滞育解除后取食成虫解剖显示,滞育初期,雌雄成虫内生殖系统几乎与羽化初期成虫一致。滞育期间雄成虫的附腺和射精管亦不发达,滞育解除后未取食雄成虫的附腺膨大且粗于输精管,射精管略膨大,取食雄成虫的射精管呈不透明淡桔黄色。滞育期间雌成虫的卵巢小,略大于滞育初期卵巢,少数卵巢小管的基部可见具卵黄原沉淀的卵粒。滞育解除后未供食雌成虫卵巢明显膨大可见大量成形卵粒,部分卵粒可见卵黄原沉淀;取食雌成虫的卵巢膨大,可见大量成熟卵粒,侧输卵管和总输卵管中可见待产的卵。作者认为,大猿叶虫成虫在滞育期间能够缓慢发育,部分滞育前积累的代谢物质被用于滞育后发育,但只有经过取食,成虫才能正常交配和产卵。  相似文献   

3.
田忠  刘茜  朱莉  刘文  朱芬  王小平 《昆虫学报》2021,64(1):30-40
[目的]本研究旨在明确大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi促咽侧体素(allatotropin,AT)和抑咽侧体素(allatostatin,AST)基因的分子特征,分析其在该虫生殖和滞育过程中的表达差异,并探究其在大猿叶虫生殖滞育准备中的功能.[方法]利用前期建立的大猿叶虫转录组数据库,鉴定大猿叶虫CbA...  相似文献   

4.
    
The life cycle of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi in southeastern China is complex due to four options for adult development: summer diapause, winter diapause, prolonged diapsuse, and nondiapause. However, detailed information on the multi‐year emergence patterns of diapausing individuals in this beetle has not been documented. In this study, we monitored the adult emergence patterns of diapausing individuals and estimated the influence of the diapause‐inducing temperature and photoperiod on the incidence of prolonged diapause under seminatural conditions for several years. The duration of diapause for adults collected from the vegetable fields in different years varied from several months to 5 years. Approximately 25.9%–29.2% of individuals showed prolonged diapause (emergence more than 1 year after entering diapause) over the 5 years of observation. Furthermore, regardless of insect age, the emergence of diapausing adults from the soil always occurred between mid‐February and March in spring and between late August and mid‐October in autumn, when the host plants were available. The influence of diapause‐inducing temperatures (22, 25, and 28°C) combined with different photoperiods (L:D 12:12 h and L:D 14:10 h) on diapause duration was tested under seminatural conditions. Pairwise comparisons of diapause duration performed by the log‐rank test revealed that the low temperature of 22°C combined with the long photoperiod of L:D 14:10 h induced the longest diapause duration, whereas the low temperature of 22°C combined with the short photoperiod of L:D 12:12 h induced the highest proportion of prolonged diapause. This study indicates that C. bowringi adopts a multi‐year dormancy strategy to survive local environmental conditions and unpredictable risks.  相似文献   

5.
    
Abstract. The effects of thermoperiods on diapause induction in continuous darkness or under a 12 : 12 h LD photoperiod were investigated in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly, a typical short‐day species. The diapause response curves both at different constant temperatures and at the thermocycle of format CT x: (24 ? x) h (16 : 28 °C) under continuously dark rearing conditions showed that the incidence of diapause depended mainly on whether or not the mean temperature was ≤20 °C or >20 °C. If the mean temperature was ≤20 °C, all individuals entered diapause; if >20 °C, the incidence of diapause declined gradually with increasing mean temperatures. The thermocycle (CT 12 : 12 h) with a series of different cryophases (8–22 °C) and thermophases (24–32 °C) under continuous darkness demonstrated a cryophase response threshold temperature of approximately 19 °C and a thermophase response threshold temperature of approximately 31 °C. Thermoperiodic amplitude (temperature difference between cryophase and thermophase) was shown to have a significant influence on diapause induction at the mean temperatures of 22, 23 and 24 °C, but not at ≥25 °C. Thermoperiodic responses under LD 12 : 12 h clearly showed that the incidence of diapause was influenced strongly by the photophase temperature. The thermoperiod under LD 12 : 12 h induced a much lower incidence of diapause than the thermoperiod with the same temperature in continuous darkness. The ecological significance of thermoperiodic induction of diapause in this species is discussed.  相似文献   

6.
In this study, we collected 540 soil samples from northeast China and isolated the wild-type strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) by identifying and cloning 9 Bt strains that expressed the secreted insecticidal protein (Sip) gene. We selected the strain QZL38 for further study. The sip gene was identified from the Bt strain QZL38 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We sequenced a 1095-base pair fragment of DNA that encodes 364 amino acid residues of a 41.18?kDa pro-toxin and compared it with the registered Sip1Ab protein amino acid residue sequence. The sequence was submitted to GenBank with the accession no. KP231523, and the gene was named sip1Ab. The Sip1Ab protein expressed in Escherichia coli showed insecticidal activity against Colaphellus bowringi Baly, with an LC50 of 1.051?μg?mL?1. To identify the active fragment of the Sip1Ab toxin, four pairs of primers with different truncation positions were designed, and the recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli. The truncated Sip protein expressed in E. coli showed insecticidal activity against C. bowringi Baly. The insecticidal activity of the recombinant proteins against C. bowringi Baly from the Sip1Ab signal peptide after removal of 30 amino acid residues showed an LC50 of 1.078?μg?mL?1. Sip proteins may play an important role in the prevention and control of the C. bowringi Baly.  相似文献   

7.
在光周期14L:10D、75%RH的条件下研究不同温度对大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly生长发育、存活率和繁殖的影响。结果表明,卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为11·86,11·17和10·15℃,有效积温分别为61·6,110·8和65·3日·度;22℃时卵的孵化率和蛹的羽化率最高,分别达96·04%和94·26%;滞育后成虫寿命雌虫普遍长于雄虫,25℃下的产卵期11~34d,每雌产卵量平均861粒,最高达1527粒。  相似文献   

8.
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly卵的颜色有浅黄色和深红色2种类型。调查卵的颜色与其后代滞育的发生和繁殖力的关系,结果表明,在25℃、28℃,不同光周期L∶D(11∶13,12∶12,13∶11和15∶9)下,浅黄色卵和深红色卵的后代滞育率没有显著差异;但在L14∶D10下,浅黄色卵的后代滞育率(25℃为58.6%;28℃为33.9%)显著高于深色卵的后代(25℃为45.4%;28℃为11.2%)。卵的颜色与其后代成虫的产卵前期和成虫寿命没有显著相关,但浅黄色卵后代的平均产卵量和平均日产卵量(1663粒和58.6粒)均显著高于深红色卵的后代(1176粒和45.1粒)。  相似文献   

9.
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly是十字花科上的重要害虫,一生能多次交配。本试验在25℃,光周期L∶D=12∶12条件下观察了大猿叶虫成虫连续7d的交配行为。结果表明:(1)每日平均交配(5.67±0.26)次,最高可达11次,不同日龄间的交配次数存在显著差异。(2)平均每日用于交配的时间为(238±10)min,占总时间的33.5%,最长可达493min,占总时间的68.5%,不同日龄间的交配时间有极显著差异。(3)交配持续时间最短8min,最长达289min,平均为(48±2)min;同一日内,随着交配次数增加,交配持续时间逐渐缩短;不同日龄间的交配持续时间存在显著差异。(4)相邻两次交配之间的间隔时间最短5min,最长300min,平均交配间隔(75±3)min;交配间隔时间随日龄的增加而明显延长。  相似文献   

10.
影响大猿叶虫交配持续时间的因素   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探明影响大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly交配持续时间的因素,在室内系统观察了一天中的交配起始时间、日龄、交配经历、体重、雄虫密度和温度对交配持续时间的影响.结果表明:一天中不同时间交配的成虫,其交配持续时间有显著差异,在上午8:00的交配持续时间最长,随着时间的推移,交配持续时间逐渐缩短,两者之间呈负相关.不同日龄成虫的交配持续时间有显著差异,且与成虫日龄呈明显的正相关.当雄虫与有交配经历的雌虫交配,其交配持续时间明显长于与未交配的雌虫交配,但雄虫的交配经历对交配持续时间没有影响.交配持续时间随着雌、雄体重的增加而延长,但没有显著差异.在雄虫高密度条件下的交配持续时间明显短于低密度下的交配持续时间.在22℃时成虫的交配持续时间最长,其次是25℃,28℃下最短, 温度间的交配持续时间有明显差异.这些结果表明在自然条件下大猿叶虫的交配持续时间受到许多因素的影响.  相似文献   

11.
The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringiBaly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of crucifers in China, undergoing an imaginal summer and winter diapause in the soil. The effects of host plants on diapause incidence were tested in the beetle. The ratio of adults entering diapause was significantly low when they fed on the mature leaves of Chinese cabbage Shanghaiqin (Brassica chinesis var communis) than those feeding on Chinese cabbage Suzhouqin (Brassica chinesis var communis), radish (Raphanus sativus var longipinnatus) and stem mustard (Brassicajuncea vat tumida) at 25℃ combined with 13:11 (L: D) h. Fewer adults entered diapause on young leaves compared to physiologically aged and mature radish leaves at 25℃ combined with 13:11 (L: D) h. The effect of host plant species on diapause induction was also evident under continuously dark rearing conditions or at different photoperiods. These experimental results demonstrate that host plant mediation of diapause induction exists in the cabbage beetle. However, at temperatures ≤20℃ or photoperiods of 16:8 (L: D) h combined with 25℃, all individuals entered diapause regardless of the host plants, indicating that the effects of host plants on diapause induction could be expressed only within a limited range of temperatures and photoperiods.  相似文献   

12.
配对相容性(mate compatibility)常用于解释动物为何具有不同的配偶选择倾向及繁殖成功率, 涉及两性间基因、性状等的相互作用, 具体表现为配偶之间的基因、形态、行为相容性, 且直接或间接影响动物的繁殖。其中, 行为相容性受到越来越广泛的关注与研究, 主要原因是其对动物个性差异的维持与进化、物种适应环境变化的能力等均有深远影响, 但国内尚缺乏相关研究。本文主要基于以往的代表性研究结果, 对配对相容性的研究历史、定义、内容及其对动物繁殖的影响进行了简单总结和梳理, 并着重阐述了配偶行为相容性的研究进展、在进化与保护生物学等领域的研究潜力, 体现了其在动物濒危机制、种群数量恢复与维持等方面的重要意义, 有助于通过对旗舰种、伞护种的保护带动对区域内整个生态系统功能和生物多样性的保护。同时, 我们对动物配偶行为相容性未来的研究方向进行了展望, 提出工具技术革新、多学科融合以及更合理全面的实验设计可推动该领域研究在我国的发展和应用。  相似文献   

13.
系统研究大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly江西龙南(24°9′N,114°8′E)种群生物学特性。结果显示,该虫仅在春季和秋季发生为害,以成虫在土中越冬和越夏。由于成虫滞育期的差异,该虫显示出生活史多样性,有些个体隔年繁殖;有些个体是一化性,仅在春季或秋季繁殖1代;有些个体是二化性,在春季和秋季各繁殖1代;有些个体是多化性的,春季1代,秋季2~3代,因此,在田间1年可发生1~4代。春季,滞育成虫于2月中旬至4月初陆续出土繁殖,羽化的成虫于4月上旬至5月中旬陆续入土越夏;秋季,滞育成虫于8月中旬至10月中旬陆续出土,羽化的成虫于9月中旬至12月中旬陆续入土越冬。成虫一生能多次交配,在25℃下,春季世代雌虫产卵期为8~29d,平均产卵量为776粒;秋季世代雌虫产卵期为9~39d,平均产卵量为1003粒。各虫态的发育历期:在18~28℃间,卵为8.66~3.85d,幼虫为19.37~7.92d,蛹为8.57~3.41d。卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为10.5、11.5和11.9℃。滞育成虫的寿命为5~28个月。  相似文献   

14.
    
Abstract.  Cabbage beetles, Colaphellus bowringi , undergoing an imaginal summer and winter diapause in the soil, show a great difference in diapause duration (from several months to more than 3 years) under natural conditions. The effects of diapause duration on future reproduction in the beetle are investigated at 25 °C with an LD 14 : 10 h photoperiod and under natural conditions. The fecundity of postdiapause adults with a short diapause of 5 months and nondiapause adults is similar, showing that a short diapause has no affect on reproduction, whereas the longevity of postdiapause adults with a short diapause of 5 months is significantly shorter than nondiapause adults, showing that a short diapause has a negative affect on longevity. The mean total egg production per female and longevities of postdiapause adults with long diapause periods of 16, 22, 29 and 34 months are similar to nondiapause adults, but the mean daily egg production per female is significantly higher than nondiapause adults, showing that extended diapause has a positive effect on postdiapause reproduction. The offspring of postdiapause parents require a relatively shorter time for egg development compared with the offspring of nondiapause parents, showing that diapause has a positive effect on their offspring's performance. However, there are no significant differences among offspring performance in terms of survival, adult longevity, mean egg production per female and mean daily egg production per female.  相似文献   

15.
Sexual conflict occurs when selection to maximize fitness in one sex does so at the expense of the other sex. In the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, repeated mating provides assurance of paternity at a direct cost to female reproductive productivity. To reduce this cost, females could choose males with low repeated mating rates or smaller, servile males. We tested this by offering females a dichotomous choice between males from lines selected for high or low mating rate. Each female was then allocated her preferred or non-preferred male to breed. Females showed no preference for males based on whether they came from lines selected for high or low mating rates. Pairs containing males from high mating rate lines copulated more often than those with low line males but there was a negative relationship between female size and number of times she mated with a non-preferred male. When females bred with their preferred male the number of offspring reared increased with female size but there was no such increase when breeding with non-preferred males. Females thus benefited from being choosy, but this was not directly attributable to avoidance of costly male repeated mating.  相似文献   

16.
从田间土壤中自然感染死亡的大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly僵尸上分离出一株白僵菌,经分离纯化培养鉴定为一株卵孢白僵菌Beauveria brongniartii。通过简易培养基的筛选试验,获得对该菌株具有较好培养效果和廉价的甜菜大豆培养基,并进行该菌株对大猿叶虫的活性测定。生物测定结果表明,该菌株对大猿叶虫幼虫感染率很低,但对其成虫具有很高的杀虫活性,以1×108孢子/mL的菌液处理土壤表面后15d,成虫平均校正僵死率达81.7%,田间土壤处理后1个月,成虫校正死亡率达85.2%。表明该菌株适用于大猿叶虫的田间生物防治。  相似文献   

17.
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly是十字花科蔬菜上的重要害虫。在田间,该虫的繁殖期出现在春季和秋季,以成虫在土中越夏和越冬。本试验在光周期L∶D=16∶8条件下,系统调查了不同温度(20、25和28℃)对大猿叶虫非滞育成虫繁殖的影响。结果表明:每雌平均日产卵量在28℃最大(51.24±2.90)粒,显著高于25℃和20℃的(39.57±2.86)粒和(31.53±2.02)粒,但由于28℃下的产卵持续时间明显短,导致了总产卵量在这3种温度间没有显著差异;28℃下的卵孵化率低于20℃和25℃,但没有显著差异;随着温度的升高,成虫寿命逐渐缩短,20℃与28℃间的雌虫寿命存在显著差异,20℃与25℃,28℃的雄虫寿命存在显著差异;在20、25、28℃下,均有30%的个体经历一段时间繁殖后进入滞育,其滞育前的产卵持续时间随着温度的升高而明显缩短,总产卵量也随着温度的升高而下降。  相似文献   

18.
大猿叶虫哈尔滨种群的滞育诱导研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文研究了光周期、温度和食料对大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly哈尔滨种群滞育诱导的影响。结果表明,在恒温20~30℃范围内,大猿叶虫哈尔滨种群滞育率为91.8%~100%,未见明显的光周期诱导反应,但温度对其滞育诱导具有一定的作用,高温可使少部分大猿叶虫继续发育而不滞育。在平均25℃的温周期与光周期L12∶D12条件下,其滞育诱导差异不显著。大猿叶虫取食白菜、油菜、雪里蕻、萝卜和独荇菜5种食料,在25℃滞育率为89.5%~100%;在28℃滞育率为76.9%~100%,食料种类对大猿叶虫哈尔滨种群滞育诱导差异显著,其中,取食独荇菜滞育率最低,取食萝卜滞育率最高。  相似文献   

19.
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Blay是一种重要的十字花科蔬菜害虫,以成虫越冬和越夏。明确大猿叶虫非滞育品系生殖力下降的现象是否与交配行为的改变相关,将促进该非滞育品系在滞育遗传、滞育调控分子机制研究中的应用。本研究在25℃和L∶D=12∶12 h条件下,测定了大猿叶虫滞育品系和非滞育品系的交配节律、交配持续时间和交配频次。结果表明,大猿叶虫滞育品系和非滞育品系交配高峰均出现在光期开始后2 h,非滞育品系的交配比率显著低于滞育品系。滞育品系和非滞育品系第1次交配持续时间无显著差异,分别为122.7±7.4 min和100.1±10.2 min;但非滞育品系的总交配持续时间显著低于滞育品系。非滞育品系的交配频次为2.2±0.3次,显著低于滞育品系的3.8±0.5次。滞育品系和非滞育品系交配行为的比较发现,大猿叶虫非滞育品系生殖力降低与其交配比率下降、交配持续时间缩短和交配频次减少显著相关,本研究为进一步利用非滞育品系为材料解析滞育遗传、滞育调控机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

20.
大猿叶虫生活史的研究   总被引:24,自引:7,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi是江西山区十字花科蔬菜上的重要食叶害虫,以成虫在土中越夏和越冬。由于成虫滞育期的差异,该虫的化性显示了明显的种内变异。有些个体隔年繁殖;有些个体是一化性的,仅在春季或秋季繁殖1代;有些个体是二化性的,春季和秋季各繁殖1代;有些个体是多化性的,春季1代,秋季2~3代。因此,大猿叶虫在田间一年可发生4代。在春季,滞育成虫于2月底至4月初陆续出土繁殖;在秋季,滞育成虫于8月中旬至10月初陆续出土繁殖。春季羽化的成虫于4月底至6月上旬陆续入土越夏,秋季羽化的成虫于9月中旬至12月底陆续入土越冬。大猿叶虫一生能交配多次,大多数雌虫的产卵期超过1个月,最长达67天。平均每雌产卵量:春季世代为644粒,秋季世代为963粒,最高达1.950粒。各虫态的发育历期:在15~30℃间,卵为13.78~3.14天,幼虫为22.83~6.95天,蛹为12.10~3.18天。发育阈值温度:卵为10.7℃,幼虫为8.8℃,蛹为9.6℃。非滞育成虫的寿命约为1~2个月,滞育成虫的寿命为5~38个月。滞育成虫均入土蛰伏,在土中的蛰伏深度为9~31 cm 。  相似文献   

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