共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The inhibitory effects of chlorinated monoaromatic compounds on three hydrocarbonoclastic yeasts grown on glucose or resorcinol
were examined. At concentrations of 1.0 M, all of the monoaromatic compounds were inhibitory. When the concentration of chlororesorcinol
was significantly reduced (0.0005 M), the inhibition to each yeast was minimized. Extracts of the cultures of yeasts growing
on resorcinol plus chlororesorcinol were analyzed for residual resorcinol and chlororesorcinol with high pressure liquid chromatography.
Neither compound was detected in the culture broth of Candida maltosa, but several unidentified compounds were present. Only chlororesorcinol was detected in the culture broth of Trichosporon oivide, and both resorcinol and chlororesorcinol were present in extract from cultures of C. tropicalis. Cultures of C. maltosa grown on resorcinol-yeast nitrogen base, washed and suspended in phosphate buffer and subsequently incubated with chlororesorcinol,
turned the culture broth a distinct pink color. The data indicate that C. maltosa has the potential to co-metabolize chlororesorcinol.
Received: 28 January 1997 / Accepted: 7 March 1997 相似文献
2.
Ikunosuke Tanabe Jitsuo Okada Hideo Ono 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):1175-1182
In order to produce microbial cell substances from petroleum, 83 strains of kerosene-utilizing yeasts, as a sole source of carbon, were isolated from 37 materials in contact with petroleum in the petroleum refinery. They could be distributed in either of 15 cultural groups with their colony appearances. Fifteen representative strains in 15 cultural groups were served for determination and identified with the following species: Candida tropicalis, 9 strains; C. guilliermondii, 2 strains; C. intermedia, 2 strains; C. pulcherrima, 1 strains; Torulopsis pinus, 1 strain.In order to clarify what the ability of hydrocarbon utilization means biologically, 46 standard strains were served for test, of which the following 5 strains could utilize kerosene as a sole source of carbon: Candida albicans IAM 4888; C. arborea IAM 4147; C. lipolytica IAM 4947; C. tropicalis IAM 4862 and IAM 4924. Considering the result, the ability of utilizing kerosene would seem to characterize the genus, but it was not evident that it would characterize the species.C. tropicalis Pk-233 gave the best cell yield among the above strains when kerosene was employed as a sole source of carbon and moreover, in the production of the cells of Pk-233, employing kerosene as a carbon material was compared with employing glucose. 相似文献
3.
Y. Pagot A. Le Clainche J.-M. Nicaud Y. Wache J.-M. Belin 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,49(3):295-300
γ-Decalactone is a peachy aroma compound resulting from the peroxisomal β-oxidation of ricinoleic acid by yeasts. The expression
levels of acyl-CoA oxidase (gene deletion) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activities (gene amplification on replicative plasmids)
were modified in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The effects of these modifications on β-oxidation were measured. Overexpression of thiolase activity did not have any effect
on the overall β-oxidation activity. The disruption of one of the acyl-CoA oxidase genes resulted in an enhanced activity.
The enhancement led to an increase of overall β-oxidation activity but reduced the γ-decalactone production rates. This seemed
to indicate a non-rate-limiting role for β-oxidation in the biotransformation of ricinoleic acid to γ-decalactone by the yeast
Yarrowia lipolytica. All strains produced and then consumed γ-decalactone. We checked the ability of the different strains to consume γ-decalactone
in a medium containing the lactone as sole carbon source. The consumption of the strain overexpressing acyl-CoA oxidase activity
was higher than that of the wild-type strain. We␣concluded that peroxisomal β-oxidation is certainly involved in γ-decalactone
catabolism by the yeast Y.␣lipolytica. The observed production rates probably depend on an equilibrium between production and consumption of the lactone.
Received: 13 June 1997 / Received revision: 2 October 1997 / Accepted: 14 October 1997 相似文献
4.
Heterologous protein production in methylotrophic yeasts 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Gellissen G 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2000,54(6):741-750
The facultative methylotrophic yeasts Candida boidinii, Pichia methanolica, Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha have been developed as systems for heterologous gene expression. They are based on strong and regulatable promoters for expression
control derived from methanol metabolism pathway genes. An increasing number of biotechnological applications attest to their
status as preferred options among the various gene expression hosts. The well-established P. pastoris and H. polymorpha systems have been utilized in especially competitive and consistent industrial-scale production processes. Pharmaceuticals
and technical enzymes produced in these methylotrophs have either already entered the market or are expected to do so in the
near future. The article describes the present status of the methylotrophic yeasts as expression systems, focusing on applied
examples of the recent past.
Received: 9 May 2000 / Received revision: 20 June 2000 / Accepted: 23 June 2000 相似文献
5.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(10):1793-1794
We clarified the evolutionary position of Candida maltosa, an n-alkane-assimilating yeast, by sequencing the nucleotides of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses showed the close evolutionary relationships of C. maltosa with C. tropicalis, C. viswanathii, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. guilliermondii, forming a sub-group within this genus. 相似文献
6.
S. A. Meyer K. Anderson R. E. Brown M. Th. Smith D. Yarrow G. Mitchell D. G. Ahearn 《Archives of microbiology》1975,104(1):225-231
Selected yeasts classified as Candida sake van Uden et Buckley were examined for their physiological, morphological and immunological properties and their DNA relatedness. Candida maltosa Komagata, Nakase et Katsuya is herein recognized as a species separate from C. sake. Candida maltosa was distinguished from C. sake and from C. tropicalis by insignificant DNA reassociation. In addition, C. maltosa was distinguished from C. sake by its higher maximal growth temperature and lower guanine plus cytosine content of its DNA and from C. tropicalis by its failure to utilize soluble starch for growth and its resistance to cycloheximide. The species C. cloacae and C. subtropicalis are placed in synonymy with C. maltosa. 相似文献
7.
Characterization of salt-tolerant mutant for enhancement of l-threonine production in Escherichia coli 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Escherichia coli strain HS3, metabolically engineered to have Met–, AHVr, IleL and AECr characteristics, produced 58.0 g/l of l-threonine, but it was neither salt-tolerant nor osmotolerant; and the growth and threonine production of the strain were
severely inhibited both by the addition of NaCl with a concentration higher than 2% and by the presence of glucose with a
concentration higher than 10%. Therefore, salt-tolerant mutants were isolated. The salt-tolerant mutants, HS454 and HS528
which were derived from strain HS3, were both tolerant to salt (2%) and hyperproductive. The growth and l-threonine production by the mutant strain HS454 were almost unaffected by a glucose concentration lower than 10%, but gradually
reduced with increasing glucose concentration, up to 15%. However, the mutant strain HS528 showed slightly enhanced growth
and l-threonine production with increasing glucose concentration, up to 10–12.5%. Strains HS454 and HS528 produced 69.8 g/l and
74.0 g/l of l-threonine, respectively in a 5-l jar fermentor.
Received: 21 January 2000 / Received revision: 31 March 2000 / Accepted: 5 May 2000 相似文献
8.
Composition of the cell walls of several yeast species 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Cell walls, representing 26%–32% of the cell dry weight, were prepared from several strains of the yeasts Kloeckera apiculata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Zygosaccharomyces bailii,Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Extraction of the walls with potassium hydroxide at 4 °C, followed by saturation of the alkali-soluble extract with ammonium
sulphate gave fractions of mannoprotein, alkali-soluble glucan and alkali-insoluble glucan. Chitin was associated with the
alkali-insoluble glucan. The proportions of the different fractions within the walls varied with the species and strain. Mannoprotein
comprised between 25% and 34% of the walls, the content of alkali-insoluble glucan ranged from 15% to 48%, and the content
of alkali-soluble glucan ranged from 10% to 48%. There was significant variation in the physical appearance of the alkali-soluble
glucans and the relative viscosity of suspensions of these glucans. The yeasts could represent novel sources of polysaccharides
with industrial and medical applications.
Received: 30 December 1997 / Received revision: 24 March 1998 / Accepted: 27 March 1998 相似文献
9.
Romero M. Cristina Hammer Elke Cazau M. Cecilia Arambarri Angélica M. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(6):591-594
In order to assess the role of yeasts in the natural detoxification process of sediments polluted with biaryl compounds, indigenous yeast species able to degrade biphenyl (BP) were isolated and identified. The degradation ability of 24 strains of the genera Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Pichia spp., Rhodotorula spp., Trichosporon spp. and Yarrowia spp. was evaluated by the identification of the BP-metabolites, by HPLC analysis. 4-Hydroxybiphenyl was the main derivative in the Candida krusei, C. tenuis, C. tropicalis, Pichia haplophila, Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon pullulans and Yarrowia lipolytica cultures. 3-Hydroxybiphenyl was detected in minor amounts in the culture supernatant of C. tropicalis, C. krusei strains and R. glutinis. Further hydroxylation led to 3,4-dihydroxy and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl; the former in C. tropicalis, C. krusei and R. glutinis cultures, and the latter only in the R. glutinis assays. The cleavage product 4-phenyl-2-pyrone-6-carboxylic acid, was observed in R. glutinis and Y. lipolytica cultures. The degradation ability of the R. glutinis isolates was noteworthy; as four hydrolxylated intermediates and a ring-cleavage product were obtained in both strain cultures. The species studied in this report were dominant in polluted sediments; furthermore, R. glutinis had been mentioned as able to degrade other aromatic hydrocarbons and had high relevance in bioremediation experiments. 相似文献
10.
Ryuichiro Tsugawa Takashi Nakase Tadao Kobayashi Koich Yamashita Shinji Okumura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(6):929-938
α-Ketoglutarate productivity from n-paraffins of 141 strains of identified yeasts was studied. Among the strains tested, only strains of Candida lipolytica exclusively showed a high ability to produce α-ketoglutarale.It was also observed that these strains of Candida lipolytica required thiamine for their growth and that exegenous thiamine stimulated the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of Candida lipolytica AJ 5004.From these results, relationship between thiamine requirement and α-ketoglutarate productivity of Candida lipolytica was discussed.α-Ketoglutarate fermentation by representative strains of Candida lipolytica was also carried out. 相似文献
11.
The xylose reductase gene (XYL1) was isolated from Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae, cloned into YEp-based vectors under the control of ADH2 and PGK1 promoter/terminator cassettes and introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294 by electroporation. Shake-flask fermentations were carried out with 5% xylose and 1% galactose, glucose or maltose as
co-substrates. Xylose uptake was similar in both the recombinant strains when different co-substrates were used and slowed
once the co-substrate was depleted. The recombinant strains converted xylose to xylitol with yields approaching the theoretical
maxima. Xylitol production was most rapid when the co-substrate was still present. Approximately 50% of the xylose was not
metabolized due to the depletion of the co-substrate.
Received: 23 December 1999 / Received revision: 30 June 2000 / Accepted: 1 July 2000 相似文献
12.
G. A. da Silva 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1996,46(2):112-121
The occurrence of killer toxins amongst yeasts in Brazilian Riesling Italico grape must was investigated by using the sensitive
strain EMBRAPA-26B as a reference strain at 18°C and 28°C. From a total of 85 previously isolated yeasts, 21 strains showed
ability to kill the sensitive strain on unbuffered grape must/agar (MA-MB) and 0.1 M citrate/phosphate-buffered yeast extract/peptone/dextrose/agar
(YEPD-MB) media both supplemented with 30 mg/l methylene blue. The killer activity of only four yeasts depended on the incubation
temperature rather than the medium used. At 28°C, the strains 11B and 53B were not able to show killer action. On the other
hand, strains 49B and 84B did not kill the sensitive yeast at 18°C. The killer strain EMBRAPA-91B and a commercial wine killer
yeast K-1 were employed to examine the sensitivity of the isolated yeasts on YEPD-MB and MA-MB at 18°C. The sensitivity and
neutral characteristics of yeasts were shown to be dependent on the medium and the killer strain. Interactions, including
K- R-, K- R+ and K+ R+ strains, simultaneously, have revealed that some K-R+ strains appear to protect the K- R- strain against the killer toxin. Sensitive dead cells, although to a less extent, also exhibited similar protection. Kinetic
studies have shown that the maximum specific growth rates were higher for the 20B YEPD-MB-sensitive strain (μmax=0.517 h-1) than for both the 91B (μmax=0.428 h-1) and K-1 (μmax= 0.466 h-1) killer strains. The protective capacity of neutral or sensitive cells that contaminate a fermentation, as well as the higher
maximum specific growth rate of sensitive yeasts, besides other factors, may preclude the dominance of a killer strain. This
protective capacity may also reduce the risk of a sensitive inoculum being killed by wild-type killer yeasts in open non-sterile
fermentation.
Received: 3 November 1995/Received revision: 11 March 1996/Accepted: 15 April 1996 相似文献
13.
R. Beaudet M.-J. Lévesque R. Villemur M. Lanthier M. Chénier F. Lépine J.-G. Bisaillon 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,50(1):135-141
Anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a contaminated soil from a wood-treating industrial site was studied
in soil slurry microcosms inoculated with a PCP-degrading methanogenic consortium. When the microcosms containing 10%–40%
(w/v) soil were inoculated with the consortium, more than 90% of the PCP was removed in less than 30 days at 29 °C. Less-chlorinated
phenols, mainly 3-chlorophenol were slowly degraded and accumulated in the cultures. Addition of glucose and sodium formate
to the microcosms was not necessary, suggesting that the organic compounds in the soil can sustain the dechlorinating activity.
Inoculation of Desulfitobacterium frappieri strain PCP-1 along with a 3-chlorophenol-degrading consortium in the microcosms also resulted in the rapid dechlorination
of PCP and the slow degradation of 3-chlorophenol. Competitive polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that PCP-1 was
present at the same level throughout the 21-day biotreatment. D. frappieri, strain PCP-1, inoculated into the soil microcosms, was able to remove PCP from soil containing up to 200 mg PCP/kg soil.
However, reinoculation of the strain was necessary to achieve more than 95% PCP removal with a concentration of 300 mg and
500 mg PCP/kg soil. These results demonstrate that D. frappieri strain PCP-1 can be used effectively to dechlorinate PCP to 3-chlorophenol in contaminated soils.
Received: 14 November 1997 / Received revision: 29 January 1998 / Accepted: 24 February 1998 相似文献
14.
Domingues L Onnela ML Teixeira JA Lima N Penttilä M 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2000,54(1):97-103
One way of improving heterologous protein production is to use high cell density systems, one of the most attractive being
the flocculating yeast production system. Also, lactose is available in large amounts as a waste product from cheese production
processes. The construction of flocculent and non-flocculent brewer's yeast strains secreting β-galactosidase and growing
on lactose is presented. A plasmid was constructed coding for an extracellular β-galactosidase of Aspergillus niger and having, as selective marker, the yeast CUP1 gene conferring resistance to copper. This selective marker allows for the transformation of wild-type yeasts. This work
represents an important step towards the study of heterologous protein secretion by flocculent cells.
Received: 13 January 2000 / Accepted: 23 January 2000 相似文献
15.
Antimould activity of sourdough lactic acid bacteria: identification of a mixture of organic acids produced by Lactobacillus sanfrancisco CB1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Corsetti M. Gobbetti J. Rossi P. Damiani 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,50(2):253-256
Sourdough lactic acid bacteria, cultivated in wheat flour hydrolysate, produced antimould compounds. The antimould activity
varied greatly among the strains and was mainly detected within obligately heterofermentative Lactobacillus spp. Among these, Lb. sanfrancisco CB1 had the largest spectrum. It inhibited moulds related to bread spoilage such as Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monilia. A mixture of acetic, caproic, formic, propionic, butyric and n-valeric acids, acting in a synergistic way, was responsible for the antimould activity. Caproic acid played a key role in
inhibiting mould growth.
Received: 20 January 1998 / Received revision: 17 April 1998 / Accepted: 27 April 1998 相似文献
16.
Xylitol and riboflavin accumulation in xylose-grown cultures of Pichia guilliermondii 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seven strains of Pichia guilliermondii (Candida guilliermondii, asexual state) from diverse isolation sources were examined for the production of xylitol and riboflavin in xylose-grown
cultures. Under the conditions tested, all strains produced xylitol from xylose; conversion efficiencies varied, on a strain-specific
basis, from 7% to 36% of the initial substrate. Four of seven strains metabolized xylitol immediately as xylose levels became
depleted. The remaining three strains metabolized xylitol slowly and incompletely. Surprisingly, utilization of xylitol showed
an apparent relationship with riboflavin production. Strains that readily metabolized xylitol produced at least threefold
greater levels of riboflavin than did strains that used xylitol slowly. Moreover, riboflavin accumulation took place during
xylitol consumption. P. guilliermondii strains that produced the highest levels of riboflavin on xylose produced significantly less riboflavin when grown on glucose
or directly on xylitol.
Received: 24 April 1996 / Received revision: 29 July 1996 / Accepted: 24 August 1996 相似文献
17.
Dorko E Pilipcinec E Mahel M Virágová S Bracoková I Dorko F Svický E Danko J Holoda E Ondrasovic M Tkáciková L 《Folia microbiologica》2001,46(2):147-150
The proportion of yeast species involved in eye infections in 11 patients was examined. The presence of yeast organisms as
causative agents of endophthalmitis was found in corneal smears (n=4), conjunctival swabs (4), and vitreous fluid (3). Altogether 5 strains ofCandida albicans, 2 strains ofC. krusei and one strain each ofC. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis andCryptococcus neoformans were isolated from the clinical material. The hematogenic origin of endophthalmitis was proved in 7 cases on the basis of
positive blood samples and in 2 cases by the isolation of yeasts from the tip of an intravenous catheter. Endophthalmitis-supporting
risk factors such as indwelling intravenous catheters, prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and chemotherapy, surgical
intervention, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy were observed in the patients. 相似文献
18.
The Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) method using the PCR amplified D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA was tested for the differentiation
of clinically relevant Candida species. Strains belonging to the same species are not expected to form heteroduplexes in this assay when their PCR products
are mixed. D1/D2 HMA experiments between all Candida type strains tested showed heteroduplex formation, including Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. There was no heteroduplex formation when most clinical and non-type strains were tested against the type strain of their
presumptive species, except when C. albicans WVE and C.␣dubliniensis TAI were analysed. Additional HMA experiments, phenotypic characterisation, and D1/D2 sequencing identified these isolates
as Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis, respectively. HMA provides a rapid and relatively simple molecular tool for the differentiation of potentially pathogenic
Candida species. 相似文献
19.
Taxonomic and some other properties of a yeast strain, Candida sp. 36, which characteristically assimilates n-alkanes, were described. Identification of coenzyme Q, NMR spectroscopy of cell wall polysaccharides, determination of G+C content of DNA and some DNA-DNA hybridization experiments were carried out, in addition to the morphological and physiological observations. All the data were consistent with the suggestion that Candida cloacae Komagata, Nakase and Katsuya and Candida subtropicalis Nakase, Fukazawa and Tsuchiya are the synonyms of Candida maltosa Komagata, Nakase and Katsuya. Candida sp. 36 was identified as C. maltosa, too. The yeast was found to grow most abundantly on n-hexadecane and on n-octadecane in the presence of biotin. 相似文献
20.
The effect of biomass concentration on the formation of Aspergillus oryzaeα-amylase during submerged cultivation with A. oryzae and recombinant A. nidulans strains has been investigated. It was found that the specific rate of α-amylase formation in chemostats decreased significantly
with increasing biomass concentration in the range of approx. 2–12 g dry weight kg−1. When using a recombinant A. nidulans strain in which the gene responsible for carbon catabolite repression of the A. oryzaeα-amylase gene (creA) was deleted, no significant decrease in the specific rate of α-amylase formation was observed. On the basis of the experimental
results, it is suggested that the low value of the specific α-amylase productivity observed at high biomass concentration
is caused by slow mixing of the concentrated feed solution in the viscous fermentation medium.
Received: 13 January 2000 / Received revision: 30 June 2000 / Accepted: 1 July 2000 相似文献