沼泽红假单胞菌中类胡萝卜素的提取与分析

目的:研究沼泽红假单胞菌中类胡萝卜素的提取工艺条件。方法:对细胞收集、前处理、色素初浸、二次萃取,皂化和溶剂回收等方面进行了系统的研究,并通过紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法对所提取的类胡萝卜素进行了分析。结果:实验结果表明,类胡萝卜素的最佳提取工艺条件为:碱性氯化钙絮凝法收集细胞,乙醇浸泡法进行前处理,49℃下丙酮初浸提浸提4h(搅拌并加抗氧化剂),丙酮用量为5mL/g菌泥,回收丙酮,乙醚二次萃取,30℃下皂化1.5h,洗涤,浓缩并回收乙醚,在此提取工艺条件下不仅能够有效地提取红螺菌中的类胡萝卜素,而且还能分离细菌叶绿素。结论在本实验条件下,根据标准曲线计算出类胡萝卜素的含量高达6.148mg/L菌泥。通过HPLC分析表明:类胡萝卜素提取液中主要成分至少有10种。     

眠安胶囊原料药的提取工艺研究

目的:研究眠安胶囊的有效部位及黄芩和琥珀等药材的提取条件.方法:采用正交试验设计,以黄芩苷含量和提取物收率为指标,筛选出了黄芩提取的最佳条件为黄芩粉碎为最粗粉,用10倍水煎煮1.5h后再用8倍量水煎煮0.5h,减压浓缩(60 ℃～70 ℃)煎液至体积为投料量的5倍,于70 ℃加稀盐酸调pH值为1～2,保温30min后静置8h;以药效学为指标,确定了琥珀等药材渗漉提取用乙醇的浓度为70%,同时以药效学和干浸膏得率为指标,通过单因素试验确定了琥珀等药材提取的最优条件为10倍量70%乙醇浸渍24h,调渗漉速度为3 ml·min-1·kg-1进行渗漉提取.结果:眠安胶囊的有效部位为黄芩用水煎煮、琥珀等用乙醇渗漉提取的部位.结论:该工艺稳定,重复性好,适合于眠安胶囊原料药的提取.     

高效率高纯度绿原酸制备工艺研究

建立从山银花中制备绿原酸标准品的方法,并提高绿原酸产率。通过正交试验优化传统水提法和碱水冷提法工艺,并对D101大孔树脂纯化条件、乙酸乙酯萃取次数、结晶溶剂进行优化。通过研究,最佳提取条件为:提取溶剂pH=10的碱水,提取时间1 h,料液比1∶30,提取率为7.2%;D101大孔树脂洗脱溶剂:10%乙醇洗脱液纯度最高,30%乙醇洗脱液得率最高;最佳萃取次数5次;最佳结晶溶剂:水饱和乙酸乙酯。本研究通过创新的提取和纯化条件,得到纯度98.7%的绿原酸,得率18.4 mg/g,纯度和得率都高于现有文献记载,且常温快速提取,能耗明显下降,适用于工业规模高纯度绿原酸生产。     

均匀设计法优选芝麻油提取新工艺

本文通过超临界CO2提取芝麻油的均匀设计实验和微波和超声波诱导提取芝麻油的正交实验比较,考察影响提取的主要因素,寻求最佳萃取工艺。超临界CO2萃取最佳工艺条件为：压力32MPa,温度60℃,CO2流量31kg／h,萃取时问80min,得率46．39％;微波萃取最佳工艺条件为：溶剂为丙酮,物料与溶剂比例1：7,辐射时间7min,辐射功率810W,得率23．01％。超声波萃取最佳工艺条件为：物料与溶剂比例1：7,溶剂为石油醚,浸泡时间30h,得率23．99％。结果表明超临界CO2萃取芝麻油品质最好,而且萃取也最高,质量最稳定。     

酶法辅助超声波微波仪从胡桃青皮中提取胡桃醌的工艺研究

以胡桃青皮为原料,在优化酶解与超声波微波萃取仪提取条件下,用硅胶层析法制取胡桃醌,并检测其纯度和含量。经过对多种提取条件的优化,确定其最佳酶解条件为:1%纤维素酶和1%果胶酶各400μL等量混合,固液比1∶20,温度55℃,pH 6.2,时间15 h。最佳提取条件是以氯仿作提取剂,固液比1∶20;在超声波恒定条件下,超声波微波萃取仪处理15 min;设置温度分别为55、60、65℃,超声波功率800、900、1 000 W,微波功率200、250、300 W,超声波频率25 kHz,模式15∶10,电机转速900 r·min-1。硅胶柱干法上样,用氯仿和石油醚分阶段洗脱得到较纯的胡桃醌制品。光度计测得胡桃醌平均含量为0.49%,纯度为81.7%。     

永州香樟叶精油的提取及其季节含量变化

本实验以永州香樟叶为原料,优化了超临界CO2萃取制备香樟叶精油的工艺条件。结果显示,超临界CO_2萃取香樟叶精油的最适工艺条件为:CO_2流量20 L/h,萃取压力18 MPa,萃取温度46℃,萃取时间1.6 h,在此工艺条件下永州香樟叶精油萃取率可达到98.37%,高出索氏提取法42.97%,高出水蒸气蒸馏法26.69%。当加入0.6%CO_2流量的乙醇作为夹带剂萃取时间缩短了26 min,可进一步节省能耗。同时研究了永州香樟叶精油在一年内各季度的变化规律,发现夏秋两季精油含量水平较高,而春冬两季较少,在1月含量达到最低。     

紫云英叶蛋白提取工艺研究

本文采用正交试验对紫云英叶蛋白提取工艺进行了研究,结果表明:蛋白质萃取工艺较优条件为:萃取剂与紫云英鲜叶料液比为5:1,萃取温度为20℃,萃取pH值7.0,萃取剂中盐浓度为0.5％;绿色蛋白质在50℃时沉淀,白色蛋白质在pH=5.0时沉淀。采用此工艺提取得率为25.4％,每吨紫云英鲜叶可得粗蛋白0.04吨,所得粗蛋白含真蛋白50％左右。     

超临界CO_2萃取大豆油与大豆磷脂工艺条件研究

应用超临界CO2 萃取技术从大豆中直接提取大豆油和纯度为 95 98%的大豆磷脂。探讨了超临界CO2 萃取的压力、温度、流量、时间等条件对大豆油和大豆磷脂的影响 ,确定其最佳萃取条件 :萃取压力 2 5MPa ,温度 5 0℃ ,CO2 流量 30kg h ,萃取时间15 0min ,大豆磷脂夹带剂乙醇的流量为 3kg h ,得率分别为 15 72 %和 1 95 4 %。     

茶多酚提取优化工艺研究

本文研究了可食用茶多酚的提取优化工艺。萃取剂为乙醇,料液比1：15,浸提过程伴随300W超声波震荡,就乙醇的浓度、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数等因素利用正交设计筛选了茶多酚的最佳提取工艺条件,并对浸提液最佳离子沉淀方法作了比较。结果表明,茶多酚提取的最佳工艺条件为：65％的乙醇溶液作浸提剂,当浸提温度为50℃,浸提时间30min,两次超声波辐射浸提后茶多酚从粗茶叶中的提取率为20．1％。沉淀剂AlCl3和ZnSO4质量比为1：2对茶多酚的沉淀效果最佳,pH=6．0。     

赤牡妇炎胶囊中黄藤药材提取纯化工艺研究

考察赤牡妇炎胶囊中黄藤药材的提取纯化工艺的方法,优选最佳的提取纯化工艺条件。以盐酸巴马汀提取率为指标,采用单因素试验与正交试验优选黄藤提取工艺,以盐酸巴马汀提取率为指标,采用碱沉盐析法优选黄腾纯化工艺。黄藤最佳提取工艺为:加6倍量0.3%硫酸溶液浸泡提取3次,每次24 h,将提取液调pH至12,加氯化钠适量至盐析浓度为10%,静置24 h;最佳纯化工艺为:将黄藤粗提物粉碎,加30倍85%乙醇回流提取30 min,滤过,回收乙醇至15倍量,静置48 h,滤过,滤渣干燥即得。采用此工艺可达到黄藤药材提取纯化的目的,该方法操作简单,为其工业化生产应用奠定了科学的基础。     

Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Determination of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin – A Food Colorant and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study

A simple, accurate, and precise bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of sodium copper chlorophyllin, a USFDA approved food additive and colorant in rat plasma. The column used was Luna^® C₁₈ 250×4.6 mm, 100 Å, having particle size 4.5 μm, and the mobile phase used was methanol (MeOH), and 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 90 : 10, the flow rate was 1 ml/min, and the injection volume of 20 μL. The retention time of sodium copper chlorophyllin was obtained at 9 min. The method was found to be linear at the range of 0.50–8.00 μg mL^?1.     

Chlorophyllin protects HEp-2 cells from nuclear fragmentation induced by poliovirus

AIMS: Chlorophyllin (CHLN) is a synthetic derivative of chlorophyll that possesses antimutagenic activity against several environmental contaminants. In the present study, CHLN was assayed for its capacity to prevent nuclear fragmentation (NF) in HEp-2 cells infected with poliovirus. METHODS AND RESULTS: CHLN was assayed at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 microg ml(-1), and NF was monitored using the comet assay and acridine orange staining. We demonstrated that CHLN reduced the percentage of NF in poliovirus-infected HEp-2 cells, when cells were treated with drug before infection or exposed continuously to drug. However, the highest degree of protection was achieved when the virus was exposed to CHLN before infection followed by protocol where infected cultures were continuously exposed to the drug after infection. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that CHLN primarily binds to the virus which inhibits cell penetration, thereby maintaining nuclear integrity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Considering that CHLN has several beneficial properties and no significant toxic effects in humans and animals, it would be an ideal candidate drug to test for antiviral activity.     

Transpiration from Wilting Leaves

Hygen's (1951) transpiration equation is re-examined and itsarbitrary constants provided with physical meanings; the implicationsof his postulate (that a leaf can be treated as if the vapourpressure at the evaporating surface fell in direct proportionto the water-content) are thereby investigated, and the physicalnature of his parameters determined. Particular attention ispaid to his successful use of the ‘standard product’as an index of xerophytism. Experiments show that the postulate is invalid for Pelargonium,since the whole course of a 12-hour Hygen curve lies withinthe constant-rate phase, during which transpiration is independentof water-content. This does not invalidate the concept of the‘standard product’, whose calculation in such casesis greatly simplified. A similar situation is likely to obtainin other leaves, but Hygen's analysis, representing a linearfalling-rate phase of drying, may be needed for more hygrophyticleaves. Improvements in the methods of calculating his parametersare suggested which would be applicable in such cases.     

肥牛木叶的酚类成分研究

从肥牛木(Cephalomappasinensis)叶乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到了5个酚性成分,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为:没食子酸(1),原儿茶酸(2),没食子酸乙酯(3),阿魏酸(4),山奈酚3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(5)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物叶中分离得到。     

异叶三宝木叶的化学成分研究(英文)

从异叶三宝木(Trigonostemon flavidus)叶中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱数据分析鉴定为robustic acid(1),1-[6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano-(5″,6″:3,4)]-2-(4’-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanedione(2),3β-ursolic acid(3),(6S,7E)-6-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3,9-dione(4),3(-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(5),(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(6),loliolide(7),methyl P-coumarate(8),和methyl si-napate(9)。化合物1～7和9为首次从三宝木属(Trigonostemon)植物中分离得到。     

见血封喉树叶化学成分研究

从见血封喉(Antiaris toxicaria(Pers.)Lesch.)树叶中分离得到了6个化合物,经波谱数据分析,分别鉴定其结构为:(3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)-3,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionol(1)、(5R)-4,5-二氢布卢门醇A(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(4)、山柰甲黄素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)和环氧松柏醇(6),以上化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到.     

云南金钱槭叶子中的酚性成分

利用各种色谱技术从云南金钱槭(Dipteronia dyeriana)叶片中分离得到13个化合物。通过波谱学方法鉴定为11,12-诃子裂酸二甲酯(1),12,13-诃子裂酸二甲酯(2),11-诃子裂酸甲酯(3),12-诃子裂酸甲酯(4),13-诃子裂酸甲酯(5),鞣料云实素(6),类叶升麻苷(7),短叶苏木酚酸甲酯(8),3-O-没食子酰基莽草酸(9),樱桃苷(10),山萘酚-3-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),没食子酸(12),莽草酸(13)。所有化合物均首次从金钱槭属植物中分离得到。     

木棉叶酚性成分研究

采用硅胶、MCI和Sephadex LH-20层析方法对木棉叶的化学成分进行分离纯化,鉴定了12个酚性化合物,分别为芒果苷(1)、东莨菪内酯(2)、滨蒿内酯(3)、原儿茶酸(4)、七叶内酯(5)、柠檬油素(6)、龙胆酸(7)、东莨菪苷(8)、七叶苷(9)、丁香酸葡萄糖苷(10)、槲皮素(11)和木犀草素-4’-葡萄糖苷(12)。除化合物1和11,其余化合物均为首次从该属植物中分得。     

Cytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of Garcinia polyantha

A new compound, named banganxanthone C (=12‐(1,1‐dimethylprop‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐5,10‐dihydroxy‐9‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐(4‐methylpent‐3‐en‐1‐yl)‐2H,6H‐pyrano[3,2‐b]xanthen‐6‐one; 4 ), together with five known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia polyantha. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Among the known compounds, two were xanthones, one was a pentacyclic triterpene, one sterol, and one benzophenone derivative. Isoxanthochymol ( 2 ) and 4‐[(2E)‐3,7‐dimethylocta‐2,6‐dien‐1‐yl]‐1,5,8‐trihydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one ( 3 ) exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against the leukemia cell line TPH‐1 with IC₅₀ inhibition values of 1.5 and 2.8 μg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxic activity was found to be related to apoptosis induction.     

蒙桑叶化学成分研究

运用大孔吸附树脂、离子交换树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱方法对蒙桑Morus mongolica叶的化学成分进行分离纯化,分离得到了10个化合物。通过NMR等波谱技术确定化合物的结构,分别鉴定为l-脱氧野尻霉素(1)、Fagomine(2)、肌醇c(3)、moracin M(4)、moracin M3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、umbelliferone(6)、scopoletin(7)、syringaresinol(8)、2,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone(9)和胡萝卜苷(10)。其中化合物2、3、5～10为首次从该植物中分离得到的,化合物9为一新天然产物。