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1.
以‘深两优5814’水稻种子为试验材料,用2.5%吡·咪、3%恶·咪、锐胜和适乐时分别包衣种子,测定水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、GSH含量、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数,探讨种衣剂对幼苗的胁迫机理,为种衣剂的安全高效应用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)种衣剂能提高水稻幼苗的抗氧化酶活性,播种后14d,2.5%吡·咪和锐胜处理组叶片的SOD活性上升,3%恶·咪处理组叶片的POD活性上升;播种后22d,2.5%吡·咪和3%恶·咪处理组叶片的CAT活性上升;播种后26d,锐胜和适乐时处理组叶片的CAT活性上升;2.5%吡·咪和3%恶·咪显著提高了播种后22d叶片的MDA含量。4种种衣剂均能提升幼苗叶片GSH含量,并以3%恶·咪的提升效果最为明显。(2)4种种衣剂均能降低叶绿素含量,但随培养时间的延长叶片内叶绿素含量逐渐恢复到正常水平。(3)4种种衣剂对水稻叶片最大光化学效率φPo无显著影响,吸光性能指数PIABS值也未呈下降趋势,比活性参数ABS/CSM值随培养时间的延长出现下降趋势,其中以3%恶·咪处理组下降最为明显;同时,3%恶·咪处理组叶片的热耗散DIo/CSM值也显著高于对照。研究认为,各种衣剂对水稻幼苗生长造成了一定的胁迫,但水稻自身防御体系能有效缓解农药胁迫作用,种衣剂的使用处于安全水平,但3%恶·咪的胁迫较严重,使用效果较差。 相似文献
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壳聚糖及其衍生物在医药上的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文着重对壳聚糖及其衍生物的抗菌特性,降低血清胆甾醇和抑制高血压的特性及其作为肝素材料在医药上的应用进行综述,并展望了其在医药上的发展前景。 相似文献
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甲壳质,壳聚糖在农业上的应用 总被引:25,自引:1,他引:25
本文综述了甲壳质、壳聚糖作为降解性地膜、植物生长调节剂、肥料和土壤改良剂、农药、食物保鲜剂及饲料、饵料添加剂等在农业方面的应用。 相似文献
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水稻育秧抗寒剂研究成功 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
我被确定从事“植物抗寒性的细胞学研究”从一个故事和一个想法谈起。这个故事是,正当我高考前夕,我看了一部有关米邱林通过改良果树品种与寒冷作斗争的电影故事片,就是这部故事影片导致我在我的高考志愿表中填写了北京大学生物系,并且如愿以偿。有意思的是,在我1957年开始步入研究生涯的最初工作——小麦丰产试验工作中,即感受到北方冬小麦越冬过程中,也因冻害遭到损失,影响小麦稳产高产。低温寒害还严重危害着许多其他粮食作物、果树、蔬菜及经济作物的生产。研究克服它的危害是科学研究的重要任务之一。1959年,当我的老师吴素萱教授为安排我今后的 相似文献
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水稻育秧抗寒剂的研制及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
低温寒害是农业生产中一种严重的自然灾害,涉及的面很广,包括粮食作物、蔬菜、果树、园林及其他许多经济作物。水稻是我国的主要粮食作物,种植面积居各种作物之首位,达5亿多亩,其早春育秧中的低温烂秧问题,从北到南几乎年年都有发生,不仅造成稻种的巨大损失,而且延误农时,导致严重减产。鉴于此种情况,我们在多年研究植物抗寒机理的基础上,提出了“水稻育秧抗寒剂”的研制目标。经过长达6年的从实验室、盆栽到大田的系统试验,现在已经取得了较为理想的结果,有待广泛推广。 相似文献
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壳聚糖的性质和用途及其在农业上的应用前景 总被引:69,自引:6,他引:69
壳聚精(chitosan)为甲壳素(chitin)的降解产物。甲壳素是类似纤维素的生物聚合物,畜量仅次于纤维素,为世界上第二大类有机地合物,广泛存在于动物和真菌中,其中海生的无脊椎动物和昆虫的外壳甲壳素量较多。甲壳累资源丰富,制备简单,在美国和日本生产已经工业化[‘’j。我国沿海地区辽阔,每年捕捞虾蟹数量极多,除虾蟹的可食部分外,还留下大量含有甲壳素的废物。但到目前为止,甲壳素和壳聚糖的生产尚未形成规模。国内生产的壳聚糖价格为6.5~85万一、吨,外贸价为国内价的10倍左右。将虾头H及含甲壳素的废料转化为壳聚糖,不… 相似文献
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壳聚糖在香蕉果实贮藏保鲜上的应用效果 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以巴西香蕉果实为材料,研究了不同浓度(0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)的壳聚糖溶液对香蕉果实贮藏保鲜的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖处理可明显延缓香蕉果实的软化进程和病情指数的升高;同时维持了果实较低的细胞膜透性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和较高的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GUN)的活性。在四种处理中,以2%壳聚糖处理效果最好。表明壳聚糖对香蕉果实的贮藏保鲜效应可能与其调控病害相关酶的活性有关。 相似文献
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本文报道以蟹、虾废壳为原料提取壳聚糖,用戊二醛作交联剂,将碱性磷酸酶固定于壳聚糖上。同时探讨了一定量湿壳聚糖载体与交联剂浓度,给酶量及产率等关系的最适固定化酶条件,并对固定化酶的热稳定性、操作稳定性、米氏常数、最适pH、最适温度等理化性质进行了探讨。 相似文献
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天然多糖——几丁/壳聚糖在烟草工业上的应用——新型高效吸附剂的研究初探 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
二 将壳聚糖微粒化,用于香烟的过滤咀中,利用壳聚糖的吸附特性,测定其对烟气中的总粒相物及植物碱的吸附能力,比较其与醋酸纤维吸附能力的大小,得到令人欣喜。的结果。 相似文献
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壳聚糖在组织工程中应用的研究进展 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
壳聚糖是由2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄糖通过β-1,4糖苷键聚合的一种天然聚阳离子生物多糖,结构类似硫酸软骨素、透明质酸等物质,体内移植或注射无炎症和变态反应,在动物体内可被降解为氨基葡萄糖,参与代谢,表现出良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,是细胞培养的良好的脚手架,因而在组织工程中显示出较为广泛的应用前景。综述了壳聚糖在皮肤修复、神经修复、骨及软骨修复、肝脏修复等方面的研究进展 。 相似文献
11.
种子包衣是一种高效、新兴的种子处理技术。该技术将外源性材料与种子紧密结合,从而提高种子性能,最终提高作物产量和品质。植物有益微生物(plant beneficial microorganisms, PBM)是指能够促进植物养分吸收、增强其对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受力,并促进植物生长或减少农业化学投入的微生物。因此,PBM可以作为一种微生物种子包衣剂。微生物种子包衣作为一种能够显著提高作物产量、经济效益和农业系统的可持续性发展的革新性技术,因其生态安全性和社会经济效益被认为是传统农业技术有前途的替代品。本文综述了微生物种子包衣技术及其在作物生产中的应用,并对其局限性和不一致性进行讨论。 相似文献
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Ryuichiro Kurane Tomoo Suzuki Yoshimasa Takahara Kazuo Komagata 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(6):1031-1038
Seventeen bacterial capable of utilizing phthalate esters isolated from natural sources were identified. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, type of cell division, GC content in DNA, principal amino acid in the cell wall and cellular fatty acid composition, 10 isolates were identified as Nocardia erythropolis, one isolate as Pseudomonas acidovorans, another as Pseudomonas cepacia and four as members of the genus of Corynebacterium. 相似文献
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Kana Hirano Shingo Hino Kenzi Oshima Daita Nadano Atsuo Urisu Fumio Takaiwa 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2016,80(3):564-573
Among 131 rice endosperm proteins previously identified by MS-based proteomics, most of the proteins showed low or almost no sequence similarity to known allergens in databases, whereas nine proteins did it significantly. The sequence of two proteins showed high overall identity with Hsp70-like hazel tree pollen allergen (Cor a 10) and barley α-amylase (Hor v 16), respectively, whereas the others showed low identity (28–58%) with lemon germin-like protein (Cit l 1), corn zein (Zea m 50 K), wheat chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor (Tri a XI), and kinase-like pollen allergen of Russian thistle (Sal k 1). Immuno-dot blot analysis showed that recombinant proteins for these rice seed homologs were positive in the IgE-binding, but not necessarily similarity dependent, from some allergic patients. These results suggest that utilization of proteome and sequence databases in combination with IgE-binding analysis was effective to screen and evaluate allergenic potential of rice seed protein components. 相似文献
16.
王熹 《植物生理与分子生物学学报》1986,(2)
在水稻生产中常遇到因收获或贮存失误使种子发芽率降低的情况,我们(1980)曾试用多种生长调节物质浸种,以期提高种子发芽率;结果表明,生长素有明显增进种子发芽的作用。本文试图从生长素(IAA)对水稻种子萌发过程中蛋白质代谢的影响进一步认识生长素促进水稻种子发芽的生理作用。 相似文献
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Benjamin W. Hoose Ryan S. Call Thomas H. Bates Rhett M. Anderson Bruce A. Roundy Matthew D. Madsen 《Restoration Ecology》2019,27(5):959-965
Small‐seeded species are an integral component of many natural systems. However, small‐seeded species are often omitted from restoration projects due to limited flow through seeders, low broadcast distance, and inconsistent seeding rates. To address these problems, we developed a novel technique within a rotary coater that allows for the conglomeration of small, low‐purity seeds using a combination of clay, compost, water, and a polymer binder. We used Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis), which has a seed size of approximately 1 mm or less, as a model species to evaluate the technology. We demonstrated improved flowability of conglomerates over untreated (control) seeds through measurements of the Hausner ratio (8% decrease), the angle of repose (21% decrease), and delivery through a broadcast seeder. Seeding rates of conglomerated seed were more consistent than control seed over rugged terrain. Conglomerates were also broadcast 2.2 times further than control seed, which may mitigate the overall cost of implementing this technology. Laboratory trials demonstrated that the final germination of conglomerated seed averaged 15% higher than control seed. Field trials at two sites demonstrated that seedling emergence was similar for control and conglomerated seed. With no deleterious effects observed from the conglomeration treatment, additional research is merited for using conglomerates as a platform to apply various additives, such as fungicides, plant growth hormones, fertilizers, and biologicals. The potential outcomes of these strategies may have a significant impact on future seeding attempts by improving seed delivery and increasing overall seeding success. 相似文献
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该研究主要通过温室沙培试验,分析了甘蔗健康种子单芽材料各因素(单芽长度、不同芽位、泡水时间)及甘蔗基因型、种衣剂及保存天数三种因素对甘蔗健康种子发芽率的影响。结果表明:不同浸泡时间、不同单芽长度和芽位对健康种子单芽发芽率的影响极显著。随着单芽长度的增加,发芽率有明显的提高;随着泡水时间的增加,发芽率不断降低,但各处理之间差异不显著;顶部芽位的发芽率较高,但其他芽位之间发芽率的差异不明显。甘蔗健康种子发芽率具有明显的基因型差异,其中GT28和ROC22的发芽率较高,发芽率在70%左右。种衣剂包衣处可显著提高甘蔗健康种子的发芽率,与其他种衣剂相比扑力猛包衣处理的甘蔗健康种子发芽率最高,且差异显著。随着保存天数的增加,甘蔗健康种子的发芽率不断下降,且差异显著,当保存时间超过8 d时,发芽率低于60%。 相似文献
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Bianca Berto;Alison L. Ritchie;Todd E. Erickson; 《应用植被学》2024,27(2):e12774
Native grasses are widespread with high commercial value and demand across the restoration sector, though their uptake is often hampered by seed-use challenges. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) provide a valuable tool for improving plant establishment outcomes for species (such as native grasses) where seed-based approaches are essential to achieve large-scale targets. However, due to the increased investment in resources and time associated with application of SETs, their adoption is dependent on the ability of these treatments to consistently provide benefits to one or more demographic life stages, particularly under field conditions. This meta-analysis addresses the following research question: what are the overall effects of SETs on plant establishment outcomes compared to untreated florets or seeds in native grasses globally? 相似文献
20.
Yuko Ogo Kenjiro Ozawa Tsutomu Ishimaru Tsugiya Murayama Fumio Takaiwa 《Plant biotechnology journal》2013,11(6):734-746
Flavonoids possess diverse health‐promoting benefits but are nearly absent from rice, because most of the genes encoding enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis are not expressed in rice seeds. In the present study, a transgenic rice plant producing several classes of flavonoids in seeds was developed by introducing multiple genes encoding enzymes involved in flavonoid synthesis, from phenylalanine to the target flavonoids, into rice. Rice accumulating naringenin was developed by introducing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. Rice producing other classes of flavonoids, kaempferol, genistein, and apigenin, was developed by introducing, together with PAL and CHS, genes encoding flavonol synthase/flavanone‐3‐hydroxylase, isoflavone synthase, and flavone synthases, respectively. The endosperm‐specific GluB‐1 promoter or embryo‐ and aleurone‐specific 18‐kDa oleosin promoters were used to express these biosynthetic genes in seed. The target flavonoids of naringenin, kaempferol, genistein, and apigenin were highly accumulated in each transgenic rice, respectively. Furthermore, tricin was accumulated by introducing hydroxylase and methyltransferase, demonstrating that modification to flavonoid backbones can be also well manipulated in rice seeds. The flavonoids accumulated as both aglycones and several types of glycosides, and flavonoids in the endosperm were deposited into PB‐II‐type protein bodies. Therefore, these rice seeds provide an ideal platform for the production of particular flavonoids due to efficient glycosylation, the presence of appropriate organelles for flavonoid accumulation, and the small effect of endogenous enzymes on the production of flavonoids by exogenous enzymes. 相似文献