转不可翻译PVY^N CP基因烟草的抗病性分析

我们曾报道表达不可翻译PVY^N CP基因的转基因烟草抗病性是由RNA介导的,其抗病性类似于转录后的基因沉默(PTGS)。本研究以这类不同抗性的T0代转基因烟草植株为材料,对自交后的T1代转基因植株的遗传和抗病性进行了分析,并选取部分T1代抗病株系自交留种。对T2代RNA介导抗病性转基因植株进行了分子分析和一系列抗病性研究。结果表明,含1—2个转基因拷贝的T0代感病植株,在T1代中的Km抗性分离符合单位点插入的3：1的遗传规律;含3个或3个以上转基因拷贝的T0代中抗或高抗植株,在T1代中的Km抗性分离符合多位点插入的15：1或63：1的遗传规律。大多数T1、T2代转基因植株的抗病性与转基因拷贝数成正相关,转基因在T1、T2代植株中能够转录表达,且转基因植株之间转基因mRNA在细胞质中的积累水平与转基因植株的抗病性成负相关。转基因植株的抗病性能够在T1、T2代中遗传,且T2代转基因植株的抗病性具有以下特征：1)既抗病毒粒体又抗病毒RNA的侵染,且这种抗病性不受接种物剂量的影响;2)抗病谱较窄,只对PVY的某些株系具有高度抗病性;3)与传毒方式无关,既抗摩擦接种又抗带毒蚜虫接种;4)与植株的发育阶段没有关系。     

转不可翻译PVYN CP基因烟草的抗病性分析

我们曾报道表达不可翻译PVY~N CP基因的转基因烟草抗病性是由RNA介导的,其抗病性类似于转录后的基因沉默(PTGS)。本研究以这类不同抗性的Tn代转基因烟草植株为材料,对自交后的T1代转基因植株的遗传和抗病性进行了分析,并选取部分T_1代抗病株系自交留种。对T_2代RNA介导抗病性转基因植株进行了分子分析和一系列抗病性研究。结果表明,含1-2个转基因拷贝的T_0代感病植株,在T_1代中的Km抗性分离符合单位点插入的3∶1的遗传规律;含3个或3个以上转基因拷贝的T_0代中抗或高抗植株,在T_1代中的Km抗性分离符合多位点插入的15∶1或63∶1的遗传规律。大多数T_1、T_2代转基因植株的抗病性与转基因拷贝数成正相关,转基因在T_1、T_2代植株中能够转录表达,且转基因植株之间转基因mRNA在细胞质中的积累水平与转基因植株的抗病性成负相关。转基因植株的抗病性能够在T_1、T_2代中遗传,且T_2代转基因植株的抗病性具有以下特征:1)既抗病毒粒体又抗病毒RNA的侵染,且这种抗病性不受接种物剂量的影响;2)抗病谱较窄,只对PVY的某些株系具有高度抗病性;3)与传毒方式无关,既抗摩擦接种又抗带毒蚜虫接种;4)与植株的发育阶段没有关系。     

CMV抑制PVYN CP基因沉默及其介导的抗病性

以前曾报道用RNA介导的抗病毒策略,获得了高度抗病的表达马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系外壳蛋白基因(PVY^N CP)的转基因烟草,并对T1、T2代转基因植株进行了遗传和抗病性分析。此次以T,代转基因植株为试验材料,在筛选高度抗病植株并证明其抗病性是基于转基因沉默的基础上,采用Northern杂交的方法,证明CMV侵染抑制了转基因植株中PVY^N CP基因的沉默,而且CMV对PVY^N CP基因沉默的抑制部位是发生在接种后的新生叶上,接种叶及其下部叶片中PVY^N CP基因沉默则未受到影响。采用ELISA方法对CMV PVY^N复合接种的转基因植株进行PVY^N检测,结果表明,接种叶及下部叶没有检测到PVY^N,植株叶片对PVY^N表现为抗病。而在CMV接种后植株新生叶中则检测出了高滴度的PVY^N,植株叶片对PVY^N表现为感病。该文报道了在表达PVY^N CP基因的RNA介导抗性转基因植株中,异源病毒侵染抑制了转基因的沉默,并导致转基因植株的抗病性丧失。     

An alpha-amylase inhibitor gene from Phaseolus coccineus encodes a protein with potential for control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei)

Plant alpha-amylase inhibitors are proteins found in several plants, and play a key role in natural defenses. In this study, a gene encoding an alpha-amylase inhibitor, named alphaAI-Pc1, was isolated from cotyledons of Phaseolus coccineus. This inhibitor has an enhanced primary structure to P. vulgaris alpha-amylase inhibitors (alpha-AI1 and alpha-AI2). The alphaAI-Pc1 gene, constructed with the PHA-L phytohemaglutinin promoter, was introduced into tobacco plants, with its expression in regenerated (T0) and progeny (T1) transformant plants monitored by PCR amplification, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Seed protein extracts from selected transformants reacted positively with a polyclonal antibody raised against alphaAI-1, while no reaction was observed with untransformed tobacco plants. Immunological assays showed that the alphaAI-Pc1 gene product represented up to 0.05% of total soluble proteins in T0 plants seeds. Furthermore, recombinant alphaAI-Pc1 expressed in tobacco plants was able to inhibit 65% of digestive H. hampei alpha-amylases. The data herein suggest that the protein encoded by the alphaAI-Pc1 gene has potential to be introduced into coffee plants in order to increase their resistance to the coffee berry borer.     

Expression of isopentenyl transferase gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">ipt</Emphasis>) in leaf and stem delayed leaf senescence without affecting root growth

A cytokinin biosynthetic gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (ipt) was cloned with its native promoter from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into tobacco plants. Indolebutyric acid was applied in rooting medium and morphologically normal transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated. Genetic analysis of self-fertilized progeny showed that a single copy of intact ipt gene had been integrated, and T₂ progeny had become homozygous for the transgene. Stable inheritance of the intact ipt gene in T₂ progeny was verified by Southern hybridization. Northern blot hybridization revealed that the expression of this ipt gene was confined in leaves and stems but undetectable in roots of the transgenic plants. Endogenous cytokinin levels in the leaves and stems of the transgenic tobaccos were two to threefold higher than that of control, but in roots, both the transgenic and control tobaccos had similar cytokinin levels. The elevated cytokinin levels in the transgenic tobacco leaves resulted in delayed leaf senescence in terms of chlorophyll content without affecting the net photosynthetic rate. The root growth and morphology of the plant were not affected in the transgenic tobacco.     

Regeneration of intact tobacco plants containing full length copies of genetically engineered T-DNA,and transmission of T-DNA to R1 progeny

Cloned DNA sequences encoding yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and a bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase have been inserted into the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiT37 at the “rooty” locus. Transformation of tobacco stem segments with the engineered bacterial strains produced attenuated crown gall tumors that were capable of regeneration into intact, normal tobacco plants. The yeast gene and entire transferred DNA (T-DNA) were present in the regenerated plants in multiple copies, and nopaline was found in all tissues. The plants were fertile, and seedlings resulting from self-pollination also contained intact and multiple copies of the engineered T-DNA. Expression of nopaline in the germinated seedlings derived from one regenerated plant was variable and did not correlate with the levels of T-DNA present in the seedlings. Preliminary evidence indicates that nopaline in progeny of other similarly engineered plants is more uniform. The disarming of pTiT37 by insertions at the “rooty” locus thus appears to produce a useful gene vector for higher plants.     

Transgenic tobacco plants with ribosome inactivating protein gene cassin from Cassia occidentalis and their resistance to tobacco mosaic virus]

Cassin, the new gene of ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from Cassia occidentalis, was inserted into expression vector pBI121 to produce plant expression vector pBI121-cassin (Figs.1, 2). pBI121-cassin was introduced into tobacco cultivar 'K326' by the Agrobacteriurm tumefaciens transformation method and more than 100 independent transformants were obtained. Southern blot hybridization analysis showed that a single gene locus was inserted into the chromosome of the transgenic tobacco lines (Fig.5) and PCR analysis of segregation population of progeny indicated that the inheritance of transgene was dominant in transgenic lines (Fig.4, Table 1). Results of RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization analysis showed that transgene could be transcribed correctly (Figs.5, 6) . Three self-pollination lines of transgenic T(1) and T(2) were challenged with TMV at different concentration titers by mechanical inoculation. The transgenic lines exhibited different levels of resistance to TMV with the nontransgenic plants. After both titers of TMV concentration were inoculated, transgenic lines were considered as the highly resistant type with a delay of 4-13 d in development of symptoms and 10%-25% of test plants were infected, while nontransgenic control plants were susceptible typical symptoms on the newly emerged leaves (Table 2). One T(2) line, T(2)-8-2-1, was regarded as an immune type because it did not show any symptoms during 70 d and all plants were shown to be virus free by ELISA tests.