R. Vanbreuseghem 1909–1993

Editor's Note. Dr Vanbreuseghem was a member of the Mycopathologia Educational Board from 1959 to 1960.     

Zooplankton of Lake Peipsi-Pihkva in 1909–1987

164 taxa were identified in the net zooplankton of the pelagial of L. Peipsi-Pihkva in 1909–1987, including 3 species of protozoans, 74 species of rotifers, 58 species of cladocerans, 28 species of copepods and 1 mollusc. One rotifer species, Ploesoma peipsiense Mäemets et Kutikova, has been described as new for science here. The zooplankton of L. Peipsi-Pihkva is remarkably rich in species including rarities in Estonia: Limnosida frontosa, Drepanothrix dentata, Bythotrephes longimanus, B. cederstroemi etc. Due to its large surface area, L. Peipsi-Pihkva provides a large scale of biotopes of a diverse trophic state and humic content, which support species with different ecological requirements. Most of the aquatory of the lake has lately been mesotrophic, favouring the coexistence of indicators of oligo- and mesotrophic state and species preferring a higher trophic state. The occurrece of 10 species of the genus Bosmina including B. berolinensis, B. gibbera, B. lilljeborgi, B. thersites and B. crassicornis, sparse in Estonian lakes, is the most noteworthy feature of the zooplankton of L. Peipsi-Pihkva. The coexistence of B. coregoni and B. berolinensis, B. gibbera, B. lilljeborgi etc. which were earlier regarded as subspecies of B. c. coregoni proves that they are different species producing usually no hybrids. The species composition was subjected to certain changes during the years under consideration. Larvae of Dreissena were first found in zooplankton in 1962. The oligo-mesotrophic indicator Holopedium gibberum occurred in the lake in 1909–1964, but was lacking in later samples.     

A new species of Anacroneuria Klapálek, 1909 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Selva Lacandona,Mexico

The larvae of Trinotoperla irrorata Tillyard (Gripopterygidae) possess remarkable chlorid cells consisting of one central cell and at least one adjacent cell grouped together into a small cell complex. They are termed floriform chloride cells because of the flower‐bud‐like structures seen by scanning electron miroscopy. Fine structural studies in combination with histochemical demonstration of chloride indicate that these cell complexes probably participate in osmoregulation by the absorption of salt.     

THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARADOXOPSYLLUS MIYAJIMA & KOIDZUMI, 1909 (SIPHONAPTERA: LEPTOPSYLLIDAE)

Paradoxopsyllus jinshaiiangeltsis sp.nov. Diagnosis:The new species resembles P.grenieri Klein,1963,but could be distinguished by:Inale.1.The movable process being almost equal in width from middleto apex,with a prominent anterior apieal angle,and the lower 2/3 of posterior marginstraight.In P.grenieri, the movable process being gradually narrowed from middle     

Beobachtungen und Aufzeichnungen w?hrend des Jahres 1909

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Publications of Anthony Calhoun Clement (1909–1984)

Summary

Two zoeae and the megalopa of the majid crab Macropodia parva were obtained from laboratory material. At 25±1°C and 35% salinity, the first crab appeared 12 days after hatching; survival to the first crab instar was 27%. The larval stages are described in detail and compared with those of the previously described species of the genus Macropodia. Zoeal characteristics of M. parva that differentiate it from other known Macropodia larvae are the naked telson furcae and the absence, in zoea II, of the exopodal setae on the basis of the maxillule.     

René Couteaux (1909-1999) and the morphological identification of synapses

During a historical research, we realized that René Couteaux (1909-1999) was the first histologist who stained the postsynaptic structure of the neuromuscular junction. By means of Janus Green B dye, he revealed the membranous 'subneural apparatus' related to the 'synaptic gutter'. Hence, he justified the use of the physiological term 'synapse' in histology. A few years later, Couteaux localized acetylcholinesterase activity on this subneural apparatus with a histo-enzymatic method. The histochemical staining confirmed his histological observations that the subneural apparatus of the muscle cells was distinct from the nerve terminal. Thus Couteaux not only supported Cajal's neuron theory, but also gave decisive morphological basis to the concept of the synapse, thought to be up to that time a physiological entity. These observations were performed several years before the first electron microscopic data obtained in the U.S.A. When the electron microscopy became available in Europe, Couteaux studied the ultrastructural details of the myoneural synapse. He found evidence for the presynaptic 'active zone' as a restricted zone of the thickened presynaptic membrane flanked on both sides with synaptic vesicles, some of which were observed to be opening into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. Furthermore, the synaptic vesicles were shown to be displayed in two rows along the linearly prolonged active zone which is situated just above the 'trench-like' junctional folds of the muscle membrane. The discontinuity of the synaptic structure was confirmed by the three-dimensional observation of the intraneuronal network of neurofibrils with the first prototype of high-voltage electron microscope.     

離殖孔吸蟲(Schistogonimus rarus Lühe 1909)在中国的发现

离殖孔吸蟲Schistogonimus rarus (Braun, 1901)Lühe 1909不但在中国是第一次发现,而且在远东也是初次记录。标本发现於绿头鸭(Anas platyrkynchos Linné)的腔上囊中。成蟲作详细的叙述,并与童蟲列表相比较;这个标本与典型标本的不同主要在蟲体较大与腹吸盤的位置较在蟲体的前方。     

A redescription of Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1837) n. comb. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), and re-evaluations of the genera Episthmium Lühe, 1909 and Uroproctepisthmium Fischthal & Kuntz, 1976

Re-examination of the type and newly collected material of Episthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1837) revealed the presence of a uroproct. The species is redescribed and transferred to the genus Uroproctepisthmium as U. bursicola n. comb. E. proximum Travassos, 1922 is also transferred to Uroproctepisthmium as U. proximum n. comb. The generic diagnosis of Uroproctepisthmium is redefined and Episthmium is tentatively retained as a synonym of Echinochasmus, following Odhner (1910), until a thorough revision of its constituent species is made.     

The fundamental contribution of James Maxwell Ross Cormack (1909–1975) in suggesting the term “apoptosis”

Apoptosis - This study highlights the historical contribution of Professor James Cormack by providing a Greek term that describes the process of programmed cell death. In 1972 the ancient Greek...     

Description of the male drumming signals of Besdolus bicolor (Navás 1909) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)

The call of the male of Besdolus bicolor, produced by percussion or drumming, is described for the first time. It represents the first recorded and analyzed signal for the genus Besdolus. It consists of a repetition of two or three beat groups, with each group composed by two (rarely three) beats, and with very constant interbeat intervals and intergroup intervals (mean 0.037 seconds and 0.213 seconds, respectively). The call pattern exhibited by this species can be catalogued as an ancestral percussive signal.     

From the history of Croatian dentistry: 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor Sime Kordić (1909-1984)

The aim of this study was to pay tribute to the memory of extraordinary Croatian Professor of children's and preventive dentistry Sime Kordi? on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth. The biography and work of this scientist and teacher were presented, as well as his researches about the history of dentistry and medicine in our coastal cities. On the bases of his published papers, we analyzed a significant role of Professor Sime Kordi? for the development of dental medicine and promotion of health culture in Croatia.     

Autophagosomes,phagosomes, autolysosomes,phagolysosomes, autophagolysosomes… Wait,I’m confused

When an autophagosome or an amphisome fuse with a lysosome, the resulting compartment is referred to as an autolysosome. Some people writing papers on the topic of autophagy use the terms “autolysosome” and “autophagolysosome” interchangeably. We contend that these words should be used to denote 2 different compartments, and that it is worthwhile maintaining this distinction—the autophagolysosome has a particular origin in the process of xenophagy that makes it distinct from an autolysosome.