胶类物质对固体制剂中青春双歧杆菌稳定性研究*

考察了５０Ｌ发酵罐中青春双歧杆菌在混合胶类物质的果蔬汁底料中的生长及其溶氧率,ｐＨ值、可溶性固形物等变化规律,就培养后的双歧杆菌制备活菌固体制剂的工艺方法进行比较。结果表明胶类物质能缓冲培养基质中酸性环境,减少发酵和制剂过程中空气氧对菌细胞的毒害,干燥后的固体制剂中活菌回收率高,贮存的稳定性增加。提示了明胶和黄原胶在配料干燥后对菌细胞的包埋及保护作用。并制定出关于青春双歧杆菌保健片或粉料的简便生产     

双歧杆菌的遗传学分类方法研究进展

双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)是人和动物肠道内最主要的生理性细菌之一,在微生态学上属于原籍菌群,它与其它生理性细菌成员构成一个微生物群落,并与宿主构成一个微生态系统。因为双歧杆菌具有维持微生态平衡、生物拮抗、免疫调节、营养等多方面的生理功能,所以双歧杆菌被开发成微生态制剂广泛应用于医疗、保健、食品等并已成为微生态制剂的核心。目前双歧杆菌可分为32个种型[1]。其中已用于微生态制剂的生产菌种有两歧双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌和青春型双歧杆菌等。自从1899年Tissier发现双歧杆菌至今,双歧杆菌的分类…     

双歧杆菌制剂对急性重症胰腺炎感染的治疗作用

目的：观察双歧杆菌制剂对急性重症胰腺炎感染的治疗作用。方法：收治9例急性重症胰腺炎患者投以双歧杆菌制剂,经临床观察及大便细菌培养。结果：双歧杆菌制剂可改善临床症状,细菌培养显示患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌总数明显增加,肠道菌群接近正常比例,结论：双歧杆菌制剂对急性重症胰腺炎合并感染有辅助治疗作用。     

双歧杆菌及中药对小鼠血中抗氧化酶,T3,TSH和吞噬细胞功能的影响

本文用双歧杆菌、中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂饲喂ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,发现中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂对老龄鼠血中ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ活性有明显增高作用,而对ＬＰＯ含量有明显减低作用,双歧杆菌及复方双歧杆菌能增强ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠内分泌功能及免疫功能,本试验中尚发现双歧杆菌与中药制成的复方双歧杆菌制剂能明显协同促进ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ及吞噬细胞功能。说明双歧杆菌与一些传统补益类中药具有协同抗衰老作用。     

双歧杆菌促生长因子的研究

双歧杆菌促生长因子的研究中国科学院大连化物所大连１１６０１２杜昱光,涂国云大连医科大学微生态所大连１１６０２７蒋寒青,康白双歧杆菌促生长因子（ｂｉｆｉｄｕｓｆａｃｔｏｒ简称ＢＦ）是能促进双歧杆菌生长繁殖的一大类天然及合成物质,近来也称之为生化药物。Ｂ...     

益生菌类保健食品中益生菌的检测

随着微生态学的深入发展 ,微生态调节剂也迅猛地发展起来。从上世纪梅奇尼科夫在欧洲提倡饮用酸牛奶以来 ,微生态调节剂逐渐风行于世界各地。近十年来 ,微生态制剂在我国的发展也十分迅速 ,其中大部分为益生菌制剂 ,除一少部分为正式药品用于临床外 ,大多为保健食品。目前我国卫生部批准的可用于保健食品的益生菌菌种有 :两歧双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、青青双歧杆菌、保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌。益生菌类保健食品在其审批过程中 ,其益生菌菌种要求经过卫生部认定部门的系统鉴定 ,规定其活菌…     

双歧因子对双歧杆菌增殖的影响

应用含有不同浓度的双歧因子(微维乐)的培养基对双歧杆菌进行了定性、定量观察。其结果表明,微维乐对双歧杆菌有明显的促进作用;在双歧杆菌制剂的生产过程中,添加一定量的微维乐,不仅可以提高双歧杆菌收率,而且还可以缩短菌种发酵时间。最佳添加量为1.5%,最佳发酵时间为1.5 h。     

试管内双歧杆菌、复方双歧杆菌制剂对肠道致病菌的拮抗作用

试管内,两歧双歧杆菌(6-1)株对福氏志贺氏痢疾杆菌和侵袭性大肠杆菌都具有一定的拮抗作用。复方双歧杆菌制剂对福氏志贺氏痢疾杆菌具有很强的拮抗作用,甚至能完全抑制其生长繁殖。提示,在抑制肠道致病菌方面,复方双歧杆菌制剂要比单一的双歧杆菌具备更强的效能和更多的优越性。     

利用OD值估测双歧杆菌活菌数的可行性研究

利用ＯＤ值估测双歧杆菌活菌数的可行性研究河北医学院微生物教研室石家庄０５００１７魏林,郝维善,李悟芳,刘勖双歧杆菌做为肠道的正常生理性细菌,它的重要性已逐渐被人们所认识,有关制剂如雨后春笋,相继出现。在双歧杆菌的研究及制剂生产过程中,需经常测定双歧杆...     

酪酸梭菌--婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的　观察酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法　检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果　肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化 ,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,结论　酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

两种微生态调节剂对网箱鲤鱼生产效果的影响

两种微生态调节剂（ＭｉｃｒｏｂｅＦＡ９１０２和一种芽胞杆菌制剂）添加到基础饵料中用于网箱鲤鱼的饲养试验。ＭｉｃｒｏｂｅＦＡ９１０２试验组和对照组鲤鱼在增重及饲料利用率方面无显著差异,但ＭｉｃｒｏｂｅＦＡ９１０２可取代部分蛋白饲料和降低生产成本,而芽胞杆菌制剂似乎不宜用于鲤鱼生产。因而进一步筛选适用于红鱼生长的理想的微生态制剂仍是必要的。     

饲料中添加中性蛋白酶对青鱼生长、消化及鱼体组成的影响

用含中性蛋白酶8000U/g的酶制剂,制作酶制剂使用量分别为0‰、0.5‰、1‰、2‰和3‰的5种实验饲料,喂养平均初始重为(3.03±0.04)g的5组三重复的青鱼鱼种8周。实验在容积为80L的15只循环式水族箱中进行。实验水温为(25.0±0.5)℃。结果表明：实验饲料中酶制剂含量为0.5‰时,实验鱼的鱼体增重与摄食不含酶制剂饲料的实验组无显著差异(P>0.05), 而当饲料中酶制剂含量提高至1‰时,鱼体增重出现显著提高(P<0.05)。但饲料中酶制剂含量从1‰进一步提高至2‰和3‰,则鱼体增重不再有显著变化(P>0.05);饲料中酶制剂含量为1‰、2‰和3‰实验组的摄食量显著高于饲料中酶制剂含量为0和0.5‰的实验组(P<0.05)。而饲料中酶制剂含量为1‰、2‰和3‰实验组的饲料系数显著低于饲料中酶制剂含量为0和0.5‰的实验组(P<0.05);青鱼饲料中使用酶制剂对饲料干物质的表观消化率、实验鱼的肠蛋白酶活性、肠和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性、全鱼营养组成、脏体指数、肝体指数无显著影响(P>0.05);饲料中0.5‰－3‰酶制剂含量时,实验鱼对饲料蛋白质的表观消化率均显著高于饲料中不含酶制剂的实验组 (P<0.05)。青鱼鱼种肝胰脏蛋白酶活性随着饲料中酶制剂使用量从0增加0.5‰和1‰而呈逐渐升高的趋势,但饲料中酶制剂使用量继续增加则不再有显著变化。因此,在本实验条件下,饲料中使用1‰－3‰的中性蛋白酶制剂促进青鱼鱼种的生长和降低饲料系数。     

The combined effect of feeding time and ration on growth performance and nitrogen metabolism of greenback flounder

Greenback flounder Rhombosolea tapirina ( c. 2 g) fed to satiation had significantly ( P <0·01) higher feed consumption in the evening than in the morning whereas there was no difference between feeding times for flounder fed restricted rations (1 or 2% body weight per day) because they consumed all of the ration. Differences in growth performance were due to feeding time and ration. Carcass moisture, lipid and energy content were significantly ( P <0·001) different between rations; length gain was significantly affected by feeding time ( P <0·05) and ration ( P <0·001); weight gain showed a significant ( P <0·001) interaction between feeding time and ration. The relationship between feed consumption and specific growth rate showed that the exponential gradient was significantly higher ( P <0·01) for the evening fed fish and indicated feed efficiency for evening fed fish increased as feed consumption increased. Urea excretion increased from 12–20 to 58–63% of total nitrogen excretion at the 1 and 3% rations, respectively. Ammonia and urea excretion were significantly affected by ration ( P <0·001) and feeding time ( P <0·05). Fish fed the 2% ration in the evening had higher growth efficiency and significantly ( P <0·01) lower rates of urea excretion than fish fed 2 or 3% ration in the morning. It is suggested that the higher energetic costs associated with differences in ammonia and urea excretion contributed to differences in growth efficiency.     

Fütterungseinfluss von Deoxynivalenol-belastetem Weizen bei Ferkeln

Effects of the mycotoxin deoxnivalenol (DON) on weaned piglets were investigated. Two feeding trials were conducted with naturally contaminated wheat in the ration. In the first trial as preliminary study weaned piglets were fed for one week with 7.7 mg DON per kg ration, intake of DON contaminated diets was not associated with any obvious negative health effects. Also in the main feeding trial with 3 mg DON per kg ration no vomiting and other negative clinical symptoms could be registered. The feed intake and the daily weight gains were significantly lower in the DON fed group when compared with control group, but the feed conversion rates were slightly improved in group fed DON.

Presented at the 25^th Mykotoxin Workshop in Giessen, Germany, May 19–21, 2003     

Zinc availability and digestive zinc solubility in piglets and broilers fed diets varying in their phytate contents, phytase activity and supplemented zinc source

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc addition (0 or 15 mg/kg of Zn as inorganic or organic zinc) to three maize-soybean meal basal diets varying in their native Zn, phytic P contents and phytase activity (expressed in kg of feed: P- with 25 mg Zn and 1.3 g phytic P, P+ with 38 mg Zn and 2.3 g phytic P or P+/ENZ being P+ including 500 units (FTU) of microbial phytase per kg) in two monogastric species (piglets, broilers). Measured parameters were growth performance, zinc status (plasma, and bone zinc) and soluble zinc in digesta (stomach, gizzard and intestine). The nine experimental diets were fed for 20 days either to weaned piglets (six replicates per treatment) or to 1-day-old broilers (10 replicates per treatment). Animal performance was not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05) except that all P- diets improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in piglets (P < 0.05). Piglets fed P- diets had a better Zn status than those fed P+ diets (P < 0.05). In both species, Zn status was improved with supplemental Zn (P < 0.05), irrespective of Zn source. Phytase supplementation improved piglet Zn status to a higher extent than adding dietary Zn, whereas in broilers, phytase was less efficient than supplemental Zn. Digestive Zn concentrations reflected the quantity of ingested Zn. Soluble Zn (mg/kg dry matter) and Zn solubility (% of total Zn content) were highest in gizzard contents, which also presented lower pH values than stomach or intestines. The intestinal Zn solubility was higher in piglet fed organic Zn than those fed inorganic Zn (P < 0.01). Phytase increased soluble Zn in piglet stomach (P < 0.001) and intestine (P = 0.1), but not in broiler gizzard and intestinal contents. These results demonstrate (i) that dietary zinc was used more efficiently by broilers than by piglets, most probably due to the lower gizzard pH and its related higher zinc solubility; (ii) that zinc supplementation, irrespective of zinc source, was successful in improving animal's zinc status; and (iii) suggest that supplemented Zn availability was independent from the diet formulation. Finally, the present data confirm that phytase was efficient in increasing digestive soluble Zn and improving zinc status in piglets. However, the magnitude of these effects was lower in broilers probably due to the naturally higher Zn availability in poultry than in swine.     

Efficacy of virginiamycin and a commercially-available lactobacillus probiotic in swine diets

Eight feeding trials using 708 cross-bred pigs were conducted to evaluate the addition of virginiamycin and a commercially-available lactobacillus fermention product (probiotic) to starter, grower and finisher diets based on maize and soya bean meal. Virginiamycin was added at a level of 11 mg/kg of diet, and lactobacillus probiotic at 1 g/kg in starter diets and 500 mg/kg in grower and finisher diets. In the combined analysis of four starter trials, pigs fed on diets containing virginiamycin tended to eat more and grow faster than pigs fed on the control diet, but feed efficiency was not different. Furthermore, daily gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not improved by the addition of lactobacillus probiotic to starter diets. In the combined analysis of a starter—grower—finisher and a grower—finisher trial, virginiamycin supplementation did not alter overall pig performance compared with control. Pigs fed on a positive control diet containing chlortetracycline, penicillin and sulfamethazine had a nonsignificantly greater daily gain and feed intake.Daily gain for the lactobacillus probiotic-fed pigs was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the negative controls, but daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not significantly different. In three growing—finishing trials in which virginiamycin and lactobacillus probiotic were compared in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, daily gain and feed intakes were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs given virginiamycin. The lactobacillus probiotic did not improve daily gain, feed intake or feed efficiency. Overall, no interaction between virginiamycin and lactobacillus probiotic occurred.     

Effects on meat quality and black bone incidence of elevated dietary vitamin levels in broiler diets challenged with aflatoxin

Vitamins play an essential role in broiler nutrition. They are fundamental for normal metabolic and physiological process, and their requirements for poultry are not fixed and can be affected by multiple factors. In contrast, mycotoxins are a challenging issue because they hinder performance and the immune system. Vitamin supplementation above minimum requirements would permit improvement in productive potential, health, bone and meat quality in a situation of mycotoxin challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of optimum vitamin nutrition in diets contaminated with aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 44 days of age. A total of 1800 Cobb 500 male chicks were randomized to 15 sets of eight treatment groups, each containing 15 birds using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design (commercial vitamin levels and high vitamin levels, two levels of aflatoxin – 0 and 0.5 ppm with binder levels of 0 and 10 000 mg/kg). The mash diets were corn and soybean meal based, formulated according to commercial practices. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were analyzed for birds from 1 to 44 days of age. To determine carcass characteristics (carcass yield, breast yield and leg yield) and black bone syndrome, two birds were slaughtered from each group at 45 days. Other analyses included breast tenderness, water loss by dripping and malonaldehyde concentrations. The results demonstrated that broilers that were fed high levels of vitamins showed better weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and breast yield than broilers that were fed diets with commercial vitamin levels (P < 0.05); also, broilers that were fed diets containing 0.5 ppm aflatoxin had lower weight gain, carcass yield and breast yield (P < 0.05). The use of 10 000 mg/kg of binder improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion throughout the rearing period. We conclude that aflatoxin negatively affects performance and carcass yield; however, feeding optimum vitamin nutrition improved these performance traits.     

纳豆芽胞杆菌对AA肉鸡生产性能以及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨纳豆芽胞杆菌作为饲料添加剂对AA肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响。方法 将300只1日龄的AA健康肉鸡,随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,实验组在基础日粮中分别添加50、100、150和200 mg/kg纳豆芽胞杆菌（处理组I~IV）,检测其对AA肉鸡增重、饲料转化率、新城疫疫苗免疫后的抗体水平和免疫器官指数的影响。结果 在21 d时,处理4个组肉鸡的体重分别较对照组高0.23%、6.16%、8.29%和7.82%,其中处理组II、III与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;处理组I、IV与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;在7~28 d时处理4个组肉鸡的饲料转化率均稍高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;当21 d时,处理组II、III的效价水平与对照组、处理组I及IV相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。处理组I~IV的胸腺、脾脏以及法氏囊三项指数均显著优于对照组,尤其是处理组II和III的免疫器官指数提升最为显著（P＜0.05）。结论 在AA肉鸡基础日粮中添加100、150 mg/kg的纳豆芽胞杆菌对于其生产性能的改善和免疫功能的提高有显著效果。     

Impact of the probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (SF68) and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi NCIMB 40112 on the development of serum IgG and faecal IgA of sows and their piglets

To examine the influence of two different probiotic bacteria on the humoral immune system of swine, two animal studies were carried out with sows and their litters. The sows' feed was supplemented with either Enterococcusfaecium NCIMB 10415 (SF68) or Bacillus cereus var. toyoi NCIMB 40112 beginning early in pregnancy. The total IgA content in the faeces as well as the total IgG concentration in the blood of the sows was recorded before and after weaning. The same parameters were determined in the blood and faeces of the piglets. In sows, only feed supplementation with B. cereus led to a clear increase in faecal IgA. Serum IgG levels were not significantly affected by any probiotic feeding in sows. In piglets, the group that was fed B. cereus showed significantly higher faecal IgA levels shortly before weaning, whereas in the E. faecium group, a significant decrease in IgA levels was observed one week after weaning. In both probiotic fed groups the post-weaning IgG levels were significantly decreased compared to the respective control groups. We conclude that B. cereus var. toyoi feed supplementation led to an increased intestinal IgA secretion both in sows and piglets. This effect could be related to a more successful mucosal defence which in turn led to a lower level in systemic IgG production in piglets after weaning.     

Investigation on the effect of different levels of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) pulp on performance,carcass characteristics and physiological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken

Utilization of agricultural by-products in animal nutrition is a matter of great concern. Dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) pulp (DCSP) is a potential source of valuable nutrients and natural antioxidants for poultry feed. In the experiment, a feeding trial was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of dried orange residues in diet on broiler growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, humoral immunity, and cecum microbial population. A total of 200 one day experimental broiler chicks were distributed into a completely randomized design (CRD) which included 5 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per each treatment and 10 birds fed in each replicate. The experimental treatments consist of a control group (without additive), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2% of DCSP (residue) in diet. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Blood parameters and carcass traits were measured in the postnatal 35th day. The highest level of dried orange residues in treatment 5 (T5) had significantly increased the feed intake and body weight of broilers in groups and overall during the rearing period (P > 0.05). Different levels of dried orange residues had no significant effect on chicken FCR. Using of dried orange residues significantly decreased the liver and abdominal fat of broilers (P < 0.05). T5 has also significantly lower level of triglyceride than the control (T1) and treatment 2 (T2) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of dried orange residues improved some performance (e.g. feed intake and body weight gain), decreased liver and abdominal fat and also serum triglyceride level in broiler chicken.