New names inPhanerogamae 4

New nomenclatural combinations or new names are proposed for 80 taxa, including 75 for species and hybrids at specific level, three for subspecies and two for hybrid genera.Honorius S. F. Gray 1821 (type:Ornithogalum nutans L. 1753) is accepted as a taxonomically justified generic segregate ofOrnithogalum L. Separation ofPoterium L. fromSanguisorba L. at generic level is emphasized. Problems of taxonomic classification of morphotypes inXanthium L. subg.Xanthium are briefly discussed.     

New names inPhanerogamae 5

103 new nomenclatural combinations are proposed for taxa of European flora, 95 for species, 8 for subspecies. Most of them have resulted from a more natural delimitation of genera. The majority of new combinations are made in the segregants ofCentourea (Acosta—16,Colymbada— 8),Hieracium (Pilosella—16),Scabiosa (Trochocephalus—14),Serratula (Klasea—13) andLeontodon (Scorzoneroides—8). Taxonomie or nomenclatural problems of some taxa (Arum orientale, Colobium taraxacoides, Klasea, Leucanthemopsis alpina agg.,Psyllium, Scorzoneroides, Tephroseris cantabrica) are discussed. Names omitted from the Index Kewensis and corrections of publication places are added (17 names).     

New names inPhanerogamae I

69 new names are proposed, viz. for 1 genus (Danthoniastrum), 1 subgenus, 1 section, 37 species, 28 subspecies and 1 variety. Most of the new names refer toOtites (10),Helictotrichon (3),Helianthemum grandiflorum (3),Plantago atrata (3),Rhodax (19) andZerna (17).     

New names inPhanerogamae 2

New nomenclatural combinations are proposed, necessitated mostly by the adoption of a narrower concept of the generic classificatory unit or, in some cases, by necessary changes of the taxonomic rank in several taxa. Explanatory comments on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems are provided in the following genera:Aegonychon S. F. Gray (Lithospermum L. p.p.),Anemonastrum Holub andAnemonoides Mill. (Anemone L. p.p.),Bromopsis Fourr. (=Bromus L. p.p.),Calathiana Delarbre (Gentiana L. p.p.),Calcitrapoides Fabr. (Centaurea L. p.p.),Ciminalis Adans. (Gentiana L. p.p.),Pistolochia Bernh. (Corydalis Vent. p.p.),Psyllium Mill. (Plantago L. p.p.) andTephroseris (Reichenb.)Reichenb. (Senecio L. p.p.). In all 300 new combinations are proposed, including 17 inAnemonastrum, 32 inAnemonoides, 70 inBromopsis, 13 inCalathiana, 13 inCalcitrapoides, 29 inPistolochia, 40 inTephroseris and 25 inXanthoxalis.     

New names inPhanerogamae 6

94 new nomenclatural combinations are proposed, resulting mostly from the study of taxonomic problems on the generic level. The reasons for the acceptance of the generic rank are given in the case ofAcetosa, Pulegium and of some sections ofOrobanche s. l. andSilene s. l. The taxonomic rank ofGentiana blepharophora Bordzi?. from the Caucasus has been revised and the taxon is classified as a subspecies ofGentianopsis ciliata. Nomenclatural problems of not numbered “species” inHoffmann's “Flora Deutschlands” from 1800 are demonstrated on the example ofArmeria elongata.     

New genera inPhanerogamae (1.–3.)

Three new genera are described:Drymochloa (aff.Festuca),Eriophorella (aff.Eriophorum andBaeothryon),Poenosedum (affSedum). Four new nomenclatural combinations are proposed for their species.     

大戟科植物学名订正

大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)是被子植物中的大科,是热带植物区系中的重要成分,还有橡胶[Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.]、木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz.)、油桐[Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw]等重要的粮食、经济植物和巴豆(Croton tiglium L.)、大戟(Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.)、余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica L.)等常用药用植物,是一个具有重要经济价值的植物类群.     

New generic names for Permian plants of Cathaysia

New generic names Szecalamitina nom. nov., Gigantogramme nom. nov., and Gigantocladus nom. nov. are proposed here for the Permian plants of Cathaysia to replace illegitimate names Siella Yang, 2006, Acanthocladus Yang, 2006, and Hallea Yang et Wu, 2006, which are later homonyms respectively of flowering plants Siella Pimenov, 1978 (Rubiaceae) and Acanthocladus Hasskarl, 1864 (Polygalaceae), Hallea Mathews, 1948, used for fossil seeds. New combinations are made to transfer all described species of these Chinese fossil plants into new genera, Szecalamitina, Gigantogramme, and Gigantocladus.     

New names and combinations in Trixis (Compositae)

Trixis chiapensis, T. grandibracteata, T. mexicana var.auriculata, T. mexicana var.macradenia, andT. parviflora are described as new, and the combinationsT. californica var.peninsularis, T. michuacana var.longifolia, andT. pringlei var.oligantha are proposed. The application of the namesT. inula andT. michuacana is discussed.     

Two New Species and Rivision of two Specific names of Euonymus

In this paper,two new species of Euonymus are described from China. They are Euonymus jinfoshanensis Z. M. Gu and Euonymus xylocarpus C. Y.Cheng et Z. M. Gu. And the specific names of two species are revised.     

Notes on Empididae (4), New replacement names in Empididae

Wiedemamia (s. str.) brevilamellata Wagner is proposed as replacement name for W. alpina Vaillant, 1953 not W. (Chamaedipsia) alpina Engel, 1918). W. beckeri glacicola Wagner replaces W. (Chamaedipsia) beckeri alpina Vaillant, 1967 (not Engel, 1981, not Vaillant, 1953).