黄足黄守瓜取食南瓜诱导葫芦素B含量的变化规律

采用高效液相色谱分析方法研究黄足黄守瓜Aulacophora femoralis chinensisWeise取食子叶期南瓜诱导葫芦素B含量的变化规律。结果表明:黄足黄守瓜采用划圈的取食方式,主要是为了阻止植株合成新的葫芦素B进入圈内,以达到安全取食的目的;黄足黄守瓜对同株南瓜为害程度不同的子叶间,葫芦素B含量无显著差异,说明同一植株黄足黄守瓜取食化学诱导是系统性的;危害程度不同的不同植株间,葫芦素B含量有显著差异,并表现出受害阈值(被害1圈),在一定范围内,植株被害得越严重,诱导反应越强烈;试验证明南瓜被诱导合成葫芦素B与光照无关,只与植株被害有关。     

守瓜属甲虫的取食行为与寄主植物葫芦素种类的关系

黄足黄守瓜和黄足黑守瓜是两个非常相似的守瓜属甲虫,但它们对寄主的选择性和取食行为却完全不同.黄足黄守瓜先用口器在黄瓜或南瓜叶面划圈,然后取食圈内叶组织,但却不取食丝瓜、苦瓜和西瓜,而黄足黑守瓜则只取食丝瓜,且不发生划圈取食行为.研究表明,这两种甲虫的寄主选择性及取食行为与瓜类作物合成的葫芦素种类显著相关.黄瓜和南瓜在黄足黄守瓜取食后能诱导合成抑制取食的葫芦素Ⅰ,使得黄守瓜只能先划圈阻断葫芦素Ⅰ在叶面的迁移才能取食圈内叶组织.而苦瓜和西瓜本身就合成抑制取食的葫芦素D,使得甲虫不选择这两种瓜类作物取食.丝瓜则合成刺激甲虫取食的葫芦素B和E,使得黑守瓜能直接取食.本研究表明,守瓜属甲虫对寄主植物合成的特定次生物质的味觉响应机制在其寄主选择和取食行为方面起着重要作用.     

普通丝瓜叶片成分和物理结构对黄足黑守瓜取食和定位的影响

黄足黑守瓜是普通丝瓜生长过程中危害叶片的主要害虫.本文对普通丝瓜不同部位叶片挥发性成分、营养成分和物理结构对黄足黑守瓜取食和定位的影响进行了系统研究.本实验采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析了普通丝瓜不同部位叶片挥发性成分,研究结果表明,嫩叶主要挥发性成分有(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(27.65%)和植醇(45.77%),成熟叶挥发性成分主要有(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(49.34%),老叶挥发性成分主要有植醇(63.25%),且挥发性成分对黄足黑守瓜远距离定位起到了引导作用.同时,本研究还采用5点取样法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和考马斯亮蓝法分别研究了普通丝瓜不同部位叶片营养成分含量与黄足黑守瓜取食之间的关系,实验结果表明,黄足黑守瓜喜食植物叶片嫩叶部位,喜食部位叶片的总糖与还原糖含量、蛋白质含量都最高,且总糖含量与蛋白质含量比值最高.叶片物理结构调查采用石蜡切片法,发现叶片的物理结构对于黄足黑守瓜取食很少造成影响.通过研究,使我们充分地了解影响黄足黑守瓜取食不同部位叶片的因素,便于今后的育种和栽培过程中加强不利于黄足黑守瓜取食的因素,以达到安全、环保地进行农业生产的目的.     

不同诱导处理对番茄叶片营养物质含量及防御酶活性的影响

本文研究了番茄在不同时间下受西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis危害(DTF)、机械损伤(MW)、茉莉酸(JA)和水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)外源诱导后,叶片营养物质含量和防御酶活性的变化。结果表明:各种诱导处理24 h和36 h时,番茄叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量不同程度的下降,其中虫害处理36 h时,叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量下降最明显;在48 h时除水杨酸甲酯处理外,番茄营养物质含量均显著升高。β-1,3葡聚糖酶(PR-2)活性在虫害、机械损伤和茉莉酸处理24 h和36 h后均升高,其中虫害处理的PR-2活性最高。各种处理均能诱导番茄叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性明显升高,且均随时间的延长持续升高。所有处理24 h时的番茄叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)均被激发。各种处理均能导致植株的脂氧合酶(LOX)活性升高,但不同处理诱导的LOX活性升高的时间不同。结果表明,番茄能通过改变营养物质含量和防御酶活性对不同诱导处理作出生理应激反应,但反应程度与诱导方式和时间有关。     

西花蓟马取食与机械损伤对菜豆叶片抗氧化系统的影响

本文研究了西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)取食和机械损伤诱导对菜豆抗氧化系统的影响,比较了不同损伤形式诱导的抗氧化酶活力和抗氧化物质含量的变化差异。结果表明,西花蓟马取食和机械损伤均可诱导菜豆叶片内过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)3种抗氧化酶活性有不同程度的升高,但两种处理诱导的抗氧化酶活性变化规律不完全相同,各种酶活性达到最高点时间不同,西花蓟马取食对抗氧化酶活力的诱导作用大于机械损伤的。两种处理诱导下的类胡萝卜素的含量变化不大,但不论西花蓟马取食还是机械损伤均导致菜豆叶片内类黄酮和总酚含量整体呈下降趋势,西花蓟马的取食诱导的下降幅度大于机械损伤的。因此,西花蓟马取食诱导明显高于机械损伤对菜豆抗氧化系统的影响。     

兴安落叶松游离氨基酸的动态变化与损伤因子的关系

为研究不同损伤因子及其不同损伤程度对落叶松游离氨基酸组分及其含量的影响,用剪叶和落叶松毛虫(Dendrolimussuperans)取食损伤兴安落叶松(Larixgmelinii)幼苗,使用HPLC柱前AccQ.Tag衍生法测定针叶内游离氨基酸的组成及含量的变化。结果表明,松针中含有17种游离氨基酸,以苯丙氨酸含量最高,损伤15d后,剪叶4枝比对照增加36.6%,虫害4枝增加的百分率达到98.3%。剪叶4枝15d后及虫害4枝5d后,损伤25%与50%之间氨基酸总含量差异显著(P0.05),且昆虫取食4枝25%、50%、75%后松针内游离氨基酸总含量的变化趋势与剪叶处理后总氨基酸含量的变化一致,均在处理10d后呈现较高的含量,虽虫害后的氨基酸总含量高于剪叶损伤后的总含量,但二者之间差异不显著。剪叶4枝、8枝、12枝3个损伤程度后针叶内的游离氨基酸含量无显著差异,说明剪叶4枝即能超过落叶松的耐受阈值,达到防御诱导效应。两种处理下多种游离氨基酸的含量均有下降,其中8种氨基酸含量存在显著差异(P0.05),即丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、半胱氨酸、赖氨酸和苯丙氨酸。表明人工模拟剪叶的损伤方式与虫害都可诱导松树氨基酸组分及含量的变化,而间接影响害虫的生长发育。     

叶损伤诱导兴安落叶松针叶中10种酚酸的变化

酚酸是一类重要次生抗虫物质.为研究损伤及昆虫取食诱导对兴安落叶松针叶内酚酸含量的影响,采用3种不同程度剪叶或落叶松毛虫幼虫取食处理兴安落叶松幼树,以高效液相色谱技术测定兴安落叶松健康针叶中酚酸含量.结果表明：与对照相比,处理后1 d,剪叶或昆虫取食4枝50%针叶处理的兴安落叶松幼苗健康针叶中,除阿魏酸无显著差异外,苯甲酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没食子酸9种酚酸均差异显著;4枝75%针叶处理的10种酚酸含量均发生显著变化.说明剪叶及虫害50%、75%针叶处理均达到诱导阈值,能显著诱导兴安落叶松化学防御.在损伤程度相同情况下,处理1 d时,剪叶4枝50%、75%诱导的咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和没食子酸的含量显著高于虫害诱导处理;5 d时,剪叶4枝50%、75%诱导处理的这5种酚酸含量显著低于虫害诱导处理;10 d时,两种方法诱导的酚酸含量差异不显著.说明剪叶诱导处理的酚酸含量变化比昆虫取食处理迅速,且诱导强度与剪叶程度相关.采用适当处理诱导针叶中酚酸含量的变化来增强兴安落叶松对害虫的防御能力是可行的.     

酸黄瓜南方根结线虫病抗性与葫芦素B含量的关系

采用高效液相色谱分析法,通过测定3种不同抗性甜瓜属作物根系中葫芦素B含量的差异,探讨酸黄瓜南方根结线虫病抗性与葫芦素B含量的关系.结果表明:(1)接种根结线虫前,供试材料根系中的葫芦素B含量以酸黄瓜的最高(1.31μg/g),非洲角次之(0.85μg/g),北京截头最低(0.35μg/g),表明酸黄瓜中葫芦素B的本体含量较高;接种根结线虫后,酸黄瓜、非洲角、北京截头根系中的葫芦素B含量升高至3.88、2.67和0.49μg/g,较相应未接种对照分别升高了2.57、1.82和0.14μg/g,表明酸黄瓜经线虫诱导后葫芦素B含量上升较大.(2)酸黄瓜受线虫危害低于非洲角并显著低于北京截头,说明酸黄瓜的抗线虫能力较强;供试材料受害程度与葫芦素B含量相关性分析表明,作物的抗线虫能力与根系中的葫芦素B含量呈正相关关系,其含量越高,抗性越强.研究认为,酸黄瓜的高葫芦素B含量是其南方根结线虫病抗性的化学证据.     

南美斑潜蝇为害对黄瓜叶片中蛋白酶抑制剂活性及葫芦素B含量的影响

【目的】蛋白酶抑制剂和葫芦素是两类在植物中具有抗虫活性的化合物,在植食性昆虫与其寄主植物相互作用中起着重要的作用。本文在室内研究了南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis(Blanchard)为害对黄瓜叶片中蛋白酶抑制剂活性及葫芦素B含量的影响,以期揭示南美斑潜蝇与其寄主植物相互作用的机理以及为利用诱导抗性控制南美斑潜蝇的为害奠定必要的基础。【方法】用分光光度法和高效液相色谱法,分别测定了南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害后黄瓜叶片中蛋白酶抑制剂活性和葫芦素B含量的变化。【结果】在南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害期间(1~9 d),黄瓜叶片中胰蛋白酶抑制剂和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂活性及葫芦素B含量与健康对照相比显著上升,但上升幅度并不与为害强度和为害持续时间相一致,其中对胰蛋白酶抑制剂具有系统诱导作用,而对胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂和葫芦素B的系统诱导作用不明显。【结论】南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害可诱导寄主植物体内蛋白酶抑制剂活性和葫芦素B含量上升,培育蛋白酶抑制剂或葫芦素含量高或易诱导的黄瓜品种可能是控制南美斑潜蝇为害的有效途径。     

不同损伤形式诱导合作杨叶片中酚类物质含量的差异

采用机械损伤、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)幼虫取食、机械损伤伤口涂抹舞毒蛾口腔分泌物3种方法处理合作杨(Populus simonii×P.pyramidalis 'Opera 8277')扦插苗叶片,24 h后用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测叶片中香豆酸等9种酚类物质的含量,比较不同损伤形式诱导的酚类物质含量的变化差异,以探讨酚类物质含量变化的原因.结果表明,机械损伤和舞毒蛾取食诱导的酚类物质含量变化存在显著差异,而机械损伤伤口涂抹舞毒蛾口腔分泌物与舞毒蛾取食处理诱导的酚类物质含量变化相似,推测舞毒蛾口腔分泌物是造成机械损伤与昆虫取食处理间酚类物质含量变化差异的关键因素.     

Short-term damage-induced increases in tobacco alkaloids protect plants

Summary Leaf damage significantly increases the alkaloid content in undamaged leaves on damaged field-grown wild tobacco plants. Although field-grown pot-bound plants fail to exhibit the same damage-induced increase in alkaloid content, the ability to respond to leaf damage is restored 6 days after removing plants from their pots. Freshly hatched Manduca sexta larvae reared individually in the laboratory on the high-alkaloid foliage of damaged plants released from their pots gain less weight and eat less (57.2% and 45.7% of controls, respectively) than larvae fed low-alkaloid foliage from undamaged released plants. Moreover, larvae grow equally well on the foliage of damaged and undamaged pot-bound plants. The higher chlorophyll contents characteristic of damaged released plants did not negate the effects of the increased alkaloid contents on larval growth. Undamaged leaves from undamaged field-grown plants stem-fed nicotine solutions had elevated leaf nicotine and nornicotine contents. Larvae reared on these artificially induced leaves gain only 38.5% of the weight gained by larvae reared on low-alkaloid foliage. These results demonstrate that damage-induced increases in leaf alkaloids protect induced foliage from attack and are sufficient to explain the decreased growth of caterpillars on the foliage of damaged plants.     

Olfactory responses of the vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, to tree odours

Abstract A Y-tube olfactometer and a still-air olfactometer were developed to determine the attractiveness of several host plants for the vine weevil ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Odours of weevil-damaged yew ( Taxus baccata ) and spindle trees ( Euonymus fortunei ) are attractive to the vine weevil, but Rhododendron and strawberry ( Fragaria  ×  ananassa ) are not. Undamaged Euonymus is attractive to the weevils in springtime but not in late summer. When clean air or undamaged Euonymus is the alternative, weevils strongly prefer weevil-damaged Euonymus foliage, and this preference is retained throughout the year. Hence, plant damage plays a role in attraction of the vine weevil. In contrast to the permanent attractiveness of weevil-damaged Euonymus , mechanically damaged plants gradually lose the attractiveness that they have early in the growing season. This suggests that emission of volatiles, produced by the plants in response to weevil damage, is important for attraction of the weevils because the weevils may use these plant odours to find suitable food plants throughout the season. Apart from weevil-damage-related plant volatiles, green leaf volatiles must also play a significant role, as indicated by the fact that weevils prefer: early season, undamaged Euonymus over clean air; early season, mechanically damaged Euonymus over undamaged Euonymus ; and, throughout the season, had no preference when mechanically damaged Euonymus is tested against weevil-damaged Euonymus . Thus, monitoring traps may be developed by the use of green leaf volatiles and/or herbivore-induced volatiles, as attractants.     

The social wasp Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) uses herbivore‐induced maize plant volatiles to locate its prey

Social wasps in the Polybia genus are important for use as pest‐control agents in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavioural responses of Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to volatiles from maize, both constitutive volatiles and those induced by the herbivory of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To assess the behavioural response of P. fastidiosuscula to S. frugiperda larvae, undamaged plants, S. frugiperda‐damaged plants, mechanically damaged plants, mechanically damaged plants plus regurgitant from larvae and extracts from various treatments, bioassays were conducted in a Y‐olfactometer. In addition, the volatiles from plants subjected to different treatments were collected via aeration, and they were quantified and identified. The wasps showed a greater preference for plants with damage induced either by larval feeding or by being mechanically damaged plus regurgitant than for undamaged plants or either larvae alone or mechanically damaged plants. Wasps were more attracted to extracts from plants + S. frugiperda larvae and to an extract from mechanically damaged plants + the regurgitant of larvae compared to hexane. The primary compounds induced by herbivory for 5–6 h after the beginning of the damage or regurgitant treatment were identified as α‐pinene, β‐myrcene, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, limonene, (E)‐ocimene, linalool, DMNT, (E)‐β‐farnesene, TMTT and indole. The results presented here show that the social wasp P. fastidiosuscula uses herbivore‐induced plant volatiles from maize to locate its prey.     

Opposing effects of spring defoliation on late season oak caterpillars

ABSTRACT. 1. The pedunculate oak, Quercus rohur L., suffers high annual levels of spring defoliation in Wytham Woods. near Oxford.
2. This spring defoliation affects late season caterpillars through a variety of damage-induced changes in the leaves.
3. Diurnea fagella (D. & S.), one of the commonest late season caterpillars, shows reduced larval survival and pupal weight on regrowth foliage when compared to undamaged primary foliage.
4. D. fagella also suffer higher larval mortality on naturally damaged primary foliage than they do on undamaged foliage.
5. Despite this, the three commonest late season caterpillar species are more abundant on damaged trees than undamaged ones. and their distributions are biased towards damaged leaves within the canopy.
6. Other factors that may be more important than leaf damage in determining the distribution and abundance of late season caterpillars are discussed. D.fagella larvae spin their larval refuges more rapidly on damaged than undamaged foliage, and this may reduce mortality by natural enemies, or ameliorate adverse effects of weather.     

Leaf beetle larvae,Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), show decreased performance on uninfested host plants exposed to airborne factors from plants infested by conspecific larvae

Undamaged plants are known to suffer less damage from herbivores when previously exposed to airborne factors from neighboring plants that are either infested or artificially damaged. However, to date, the effects of such a defensive phenomenon on performance of herbivorous insects have not been clearly shown. Here, we studied such effects in an interaction between a willow plant, Salix eriocarpa Franchet et Savatier (Salicales: Salicaceae), and a specialist leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). In a wind tunnel, uninfested willow plants were placed downwind of willow plants infested by leaf beetle larvae for 4 days. As a control, we placed uninfested plants downwind of uninfested plants in the tunnel. After exposure, downwind plants were served to leaf beetle larvae. Pupal weight, larval survival rates, and the leaf area consumed by larvae all decreased significantly, and larval developmental duration increased significantly, when larvae fed on willow plants downwind of infested plants were compared with those downwind of uninfested plants. These results showed that airborne factors from infested willow plants negatively affected the performance of leaf beetle larvae. Further studies are needed to identify the active factor(s) from the infested willow plants affecting the performance of leaf beetle larvae.     

The effects of foliage damage on casebearing moth larvae, Coleophora serratella, feeding on birch

ABSTRACT.

• 1 Mechanical damage to birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaves leads to an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds, which spreads throughout the leaf within 8 days.
• 2 Coleophora serratella L. (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) apparently responds to this chemical change over a similar time scale. Within 24 h of pin-pricking leaves the casebearer moves from the immediate vicinity of the damage, but is just as likely to move to an undamaged portion of the damaged leaf as to vacate the leaf entirely. After 8 days mines on undamaged portions of damaged leaves were significantly smaller than mines on undamaged leaves.
• 3 Furthermore, Coleophora serratella reared on damaged trees took an average of 3 days longer to develop than those reared on undamaged trees.
• 4 It has been suggested that increased movement in response to damage-induced chemical changes causes hyperdispersed damage on plant foliage. Both within and between-leaf casebearer damage patterns were shown to be aggregated on birch.
• 5 Thus although mechanical damage can induce chemical and behavioural changes in the field, these are not reflected in the observed damaged patterns. We speculate on several possible reasons for this.

     

The timing of induced resistance and induced susceptibility in the soybean-Mexican bean beetle system

Induced plant responses to herbivory have been demonstrated in many systems. It has been suggested that the timing of these responses may influence the impact of induced resistance on herbivore populations, and may affect the evolution of induced defenses. This study used a bioassay to characterize the time course of systemic induced responses to Mexican bean beetle herbivory in four genotypes of soybeans. The results suggest that the time course of induced responses in this system is more complex than most previous studies have indicated. Herbivory provoked both rapid induced resistance and subsequent induced susceptibility to beetle feeding. All four genotypes of soybean induced significant resistance to beetle damage (beetles preferred undamaged to damaged plants) by 3 days after damage. By 15 days after damage, this resistance had decayed (beetles showed no preference for undamaged over damaged plants), and by 20 days after damage, all four genotypes exhibited significant induced susceptibility (beetles preferred previously damaged plants over undamaged plants). The magnitude of induced resistance in each genotype correlated strongly with the magnitude of induced susceptibility in that genotype. Received: 28 September 1997 / Accepted: 1 December 1997     

Systemic induction of volatile release in cotton: How specific is the signal to herbivory?

Plants attacked by herbivorous insects release chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivores to the damaged plants. Feeding of Spodoptera exigua larvae on the lower leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for multiple feeding periods of 9–12 h with a 12 h, interval in between when the caterpillars are removed overnight, will induce a systemic release of volatile compounds that is comparable to the volatiles released in response to continuous feeding damage on the lower leaves for several days. The systemic volatile release in response to herbivory can be mimicked by mechanically damaging the lower leaves and applying caterpillar oral secretion to the injured leaves over 4 days. Cotton plants that are only mechanically damaged systemically release significantly less -pinene, myrcene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)--farnesene and (E,E)--farnesene after 4 days compared to plants damaged mechanically with application of caterpillar regurgitant. However, multiple 9–12 h mechanical damage alone induces a significantly higher systemic release of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, myrcene, (E)--ocimene, and (E)--farnesene after 4 days compared to undamaged control plants. This indicates that multiple mechanical damage alone cannot mimic completely the response induced by mechanically injuring the leaves and applying caterpillar regurgitant. A specific elicitor in the regurgitant of the caterpillar enhances the amount of several systemically released volatiles. Thus, the systemic release of volatile compounds by herbivore-damaged cotton plants appears to be regulated by at least two different mechanisms.     

粒肩天牛危害对杨树单宁含量的影响

粒肩天牛是福建省杨树的一种新蛀干性害虫,经对杨树受害与未受害、不同危害期、不同品系、不同危害部位单宁含量测定。结果表明：受害植株与健康植株间单宁含量差异显著;不同危害期单宁含量差异极显著,在天牛危害末期和越冬期,受害植株单宁的含量比健康植株增加;不同杨树品种单宁含量变化不同,意大利杨健康植株和受害植株的单宁含量均比欧关杨高;受害植株中远离蛀孔与蛀孔周边的单宁含量未表现出显著差异。杨树受害引起单宁含量的变化,可能是杨树受到危害后的一种应激反应的表现,具有诱导抗虫性,即通过增加单宁的含量来抵御害虫的取食。     

The role of the plant in attracting parasitoids: response to progressive mechanical wounding

Based on the model system of Brussels sprouts [Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brassicaceae)], the herbivore cabbage white caterpillar, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the influence of plant damage type, and damage duration were assessed on plant volatile emission and subsequent recruitment of natural antagonists of the herbivore. Plants were damaged by three methods for a period of either 3 or 8 h: herbivore damage (HD), progressive mechanical damage, and final mechanical damage inflicted in a single event. Wind‐tunnel bioassays evaluated whether the mode of damage affected female parasitoid oriented flight. After both periods of damage, all treatments were highly significantly preferred by naïve C. glomerata to undamaged control plants. After 3 h, herbivore‐damaged plants were significantly preferred to plants with final damage (FD). Most remarkably, following 8‐h damage, the parasitoid preferred both herbivore‐damaged and progressively damaged plants to plants with FD and did not significantly discriminate between herbivore and progressively damaged plants, thus indicating a similarity in plant response to herbivore and progressive mechanical damage. In addition to wind‐tunnel bioassays, emitted plant volatiles were collected and analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, following 3 and 8 h of damage in order to correlate volatiles released from different damage types with the attraction of the parasitoid. Differences in volatile profiles from all damage types were similar following both 3 and 8 h of damage, with only (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate found to be emitted in significantly higher quantities by final mechanical damage compared with HD after 3 h. In conclusion, the plant's response to progressive mechanical damage was more similar to HD than final mechanical damage deployed at a single point in time, irrespective of damage duration, and C. glomerata did not significantly discriminate between progressive damage and HD.