利用电网诱虫灯诱杀各种害虫初步试验结果

根据美国、加拿大、苏联等国家的文献报导,从二十世纪三十年代就开始探索利用电力治虫,并设计出各种治虫工具。其中比较成功的是电网式诱虫灯诱虫器。诱虫灯的结构方式是用铜线绕在木架上或者焊在铁架上,做成一定距离的网形,网上的铜线通有高压电流,诱集来的昆虫触及电网时,立刻被击倒或击毙。此后经过不断的改进,创制出一种一定牌号的圆形电网诱虫灯,成为治虫和诱虫的一种专用工具(Peterson,1944)。苏联植物保护研究所生物物理实验室也制出-2牌号的电网诱虫灯(1962)。此外,等(1962)还讨论了电网诱虫灯的诱源的问题,电网诱虫灯内所用诱源因昆虫的种类和行为而有不同。 电网诱虫灯使用的目的,一方面多半是利用它作为诱集昆虫的工具,搜集研究害虫发生和扩散的规律     

诱虫灯对芒果园主要害虫的监测效果评价

为评价诱虫灯在芒果园中对芒果主要害虫监测的作用效果,选用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯等诱虫灯,采取灯光诱集与果园采样调查相结合的方法在海南省东方市岛西林场芒果园进行了芒果害虫的周年监测,比较了3种不同诱虫灯及调查采样收集到的芒果害虫的种类与数量。结果显示,在岛西林场芒果园,诱虫灯诱集到的害虫有29种,调查采集到害虫有24种,诱虫灯和调查采集收集同时监测到的害虫有21种,诱集到数量较多的有红脚丽金龟Anomala cupripes、芒果叶瘿蚊Erosomyia mangicola、绿额翠尺蛾Thalassodes proquadraria和灰白条小卷蛾Atgyroploce aprobola等,表明诱虫灯可用于这些芒果害虫的种类、分布与危害的监测,尤其是对红脚丽金龟、芒果叶瘿蚊、绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾等;明确可以应用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对红脚绿金龟等几种重要芒果害虫的年消长动态及种群数量进行监测;不同诱虫灯相比较,黑光灯对红脚丽金龟诱集效果最佳,LED灯对芒果叶瘿蚊诱集效果最好,频振灯对绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾诱集效果最佳。频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对芒果害虫有良好的诱集作用,但对其天敌也有明显的诱杀作用;频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯所诱集昆虫种类的益害比分别为1∶3.17、1∶0.45和1∶1.23,频振灯对天敌的杀伤作用最小,黑光灯最大。     

高效节能双波诱虫灯田间试验及应用效果

试验表明 ,高效节能双波诱虫灯比直管形双波诱虫灯提高诱虫量 2 4 2 1 % ;天敌杀伤下降3 3 3 8%。示范表明 ,灯区害虫发生基数下降 43. 3 3 %～ 75 % ,为害下降 3 5. 71 %～ 78. 5 7% ,667m2 减少喷药 1～ 2次 ,人工 1～ 2个 ,节省农药及人工费 8～ 2 4 74元。西兰花、包菜、黄瓜和花生 ,挽回为害损失 44～ 2 72元 667m2 。据测定 ,高效节能双波诱虫灯的光谱组合与原直管形双波诱虫灯不同 ,其中新出现的1个峰值 ,进一步提高了诱虫量。     

不同波长LED诱虫灯对菜地昆虫的诱集效果

【目的】研究不同波长窄波段光谱LED诱虫灯对菜地昆虫的诱集效果,为合理利用LED诱虫灯提供依据。【方法】以市售长波紫外线太阳能LED诱虫灯为对照,调查12个窄波段光谱诱虫灯诱集菜地昆虫的种类和数量,监测菜地昆虫的发生动态。【结果】各波长诱虫灯诱集到的菜地趋光性害虫有莲藕潜叶摇蚊Stenochironomus nelumbus、甜菜白带野螟Hymenia recurvalis、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、八点广翅蜡蝉Ricania speculum、稻绿蝽Nezara viridula、黑条灰灯蛾Creatonotus gangis、东方蝼蛄Gryllotalpa orientalis、稻缘蝽Leptocorisa sp.和瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae,天敌昆虫为龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica、中华婪步甲Harpalus sinicus和黄足猎蝽Sirthenea flavipes,中性昆虫为缅甸蓝叶蚤Altica birmanensis、姬牙虫Sternolophus rufipes、毒隐翅虫Paederus sp.和齿甲Uloma sp.。其中,莲藕潜叶摇蚊、甜菜白带野螟和缅甸蓝叶蚤为灯下昆虫优势种,瓜实蝇、稻缘蝽和黄足猎蝽为少见种,其余为常见种。从诱集昆虫总量来看,数量最多的为440-445 nm蓝光灯,其次是460-470、390-400、410-420、380-390和450-460 nm诱虫灯。【结论】露地种植模式下菜地害虫的防治应结合菜地昆虫发生动态,在不同时段适时使用390-400、410-420、440-445和450-460nm诱虫灯,以有效诱杀菜地害虫,保护天敌昆虫。该研究结果不仅为露地种植模式下菜地害虫的预测预报和物理防控提供了参考,还为规范诱虫灯使用,为进一步开发高效智能LED诱虫灯奠定了基础。     

不同波长诱虫灯对红树林主要害虫的诱集作用

为了明确红树林几种主要害虫的最佳诱集波长,本文利用18种波长的太阳能自动诱虫灯在深圳福田红树林保护区虫害高发期进行野外诱集实验,分析了不同波长对3种主要红树林害虫的诱集作用。结果显示,灯诱昆虫共81种,优势种为海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp.、八点广翅蜡蝉Ricania speculum(Walker)和毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha mormopa(Meyrick)。18种波长的诱虫灯中,368 nm(Y)对海榄雌瘤斑螟的诱集作用最强,日均诱集量为4.55头,340 nm波长对毛颚小卷蛾的诱集效果最好,日均诱集量达到5.45头,400 nm波长对八点广翅蜡蝉的诱集效果最佳,日均诱集量为2.64头。18种不同波长的诱虫灯对红树林3种主要害虫均有一定的诱集作用,对两种鳞翅目昆虫诱集作用较强的诱虫灯波长均集中在UV-A波段。     

金属卤化物诱虫灯技术座谈会在杭州举行

l979年3月21—26日四机部电子厂技术推广应用研究所在杭州市召开了金属卤化物诱虫灯技术座谈会。参加会议的有14个省、区的38个单位的48名代表。农业部、林业部、四机部、中国科学院也派人出席了会议。     

麦蚜的不同防治方法对麦田节肢动物功能团的影响

【目的】本文从功能团的角度研究了不同的麦蚜防治方法对小麦田节肢功能团的影响,为进一步研究小麦田内生物多样性提供了基础。【方法】本试验采用黄板、诱虫灯、糖醋液及3种方法综合使用的方法防治麦蚜,系统调查了这些防治方法对小麦田节肢功能团的影响。【结果】综合使用黄板、诱虫灯、糖醋液防治麦蚜能够提高昆虫群落和蚜虫亚群落的稳定性,降低小麦蚜虫种类和天敌种类丰盛度,采用防治措施的小麦田内捕食性天敌的群落稳定性均较差,单一防治措施的使用对麦田内昆虫群落相对丰盛度、蚜虫亚群落稳定性、捕食性天敌群落稳定性也有一定影响。【结论】在农田生态系统中,不同的防治方法对昆虫群落的影响不同。在实际应用中我们应合理搭配使用麦蚜的防治方法。     

诱虫灯的研究进展及应用概况

诱虫灯是监测昆虫迁飞,扩散,发生期和发生量的重要工具,也是害虫综合治理的有效措施之一,由于灯光诱集的虫量动态是从田间大样本中诱得的。在正常气候条件下。能直接反映田间虫情的实际,因此,诱虫灯作害虫测报及虫情验证,为国内外广泛应用,并有多年历史,国外最早采集昆虫用石蜡和乙炔灯（Forst,1952)。     

水稻二化螟［Chilo suppressalis（Walker）］发生期预测模型的探讨

本文利用福建省永安市１９７８－１９８８年诱虫灯下二化螟蛾发生期资料和气象资料,通过影响因子与预测对象的相关分析来选择初选因子．再应用逐步判别分析方法建立第一代二化螟蛾发生期的预测模型。经对历史资料的回报检验,该模型的判别率达９０．１－１００％;经１９８９和１９９０年实报,预报等级符合实际发生等级。     

金针虫常见属的鉴别及有关问题

<正> 我国对叩甲科(Elateridae)的分类工作不多,对其幼虫金针虫的鉴别研究更少。对出现的成虫的鉴别及其数量估计虽可大致反映为害种的情况,但与当地为害的幼虫种类未必总能准确对号。例如某地沟金针虫为害严重,但采到该成虫的机会和数量不一定很多;诱虫灯     

A preliminary study of insect abundance on West Island,Aldabra Atoll,Indian Ocean

• 1 Heath and Rothamsted light traps and a Johnson-Taylor suction trap were used to sample flying insects on Aldabra Atoll.
• 2 The present study extended over two wet seasons. The pattern of relative monthly insect activity resembled the rainfall pattern. Catches were greatest during the months when there was a sudden marked increase in precipitation.
• 3 Lepidoptera dominated light trap catches and Diptera suction trap catches, the total monthly insect numbers therefore reflecting the abundance of these two orders. Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were also common.
• 4 Predominant families were represented by only a few or even only one dominant species. These species were present throughout the study period although their monthly totals varied considerably, different species dominating the catches during different months.
• 5 The composition and size of catches in the three light traps was affected by the type of light source and surrounding vegetation.
• 6 A comprehensive list of families and selected common species is given with their relative monthly abundance in the light traps.
• 7 Suction trap catches were segregated on an hourly basis to give a broad indication of insect flight periodicity.

     

Assessing insect biodiversity with automatic light traps in Brazil: Pearls and pitfalls of metabarcoding samples in preservative ethanol

Automated species identification based on data produced with metabarcoding offers an alternative for assessing biodiversity of bulk insect samples obtained with traps. We used a standard two‐step PCR approach to amplify a 313 bp fragment of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial COI gene. The PCR products were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform, and the OTUs production and taxonomic identifications were performed with a customized pipeline and database. The DNA used in the PCR procedures was extracted directly from the preservative ethanol of bulk insect samples obtained with automatic light traps in 12 sampling areas located in different biomes of Brazil, during wet and dry seasons. Agricultural field and forest edge habitats were collected for all sampling areas. A total of 119 insect OTUs and nine additional OTUs assigned to other arthropod taxa were obtained at a ≥97% sequence similarity level. The alpha and beta diversity analyses comparing biomes, habitats, and seasons were mostly inconclusive, except for a significant difference in beta diversity between biomes. In this study, we were able to metabarcode and HTS adult insects from their preservative medium. Notwithstanding, our results underrepresent the true magnitude of insect diversity expected from samples obtained with automatic light traps in Brazil. Although biological and technical factors might have impacted our results, measures to optimize and standardize eDNA HTS should be in place to improve taxonomic coverage of samples of unknown diversity and stored in suboptimal conditions, which is the case of most eDNA samples.     

How can we quantitatively study insects whose larvae live beneath the forest floor? A case study at an experimental long‐term log‐removal site in Japan

This study quantified the numbers and sex ratio of adult Sericania hidana (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a subalpine forest in 2017. Data from an area littered with coarse woody debris (CWD) created by a typhoon in 1959 were compared with those from an area where CWD had been cleared by salvage logging. Three types of traps were used: flight interception traps (FITs) with a black light, pitfall traps (PITs), and soil emergence traps (SETs). Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were analyzed to evaluate S. hidana diets and habitats. Overall, there were more S. hidana in the unsalvaged sites than in the salvaged sites. The FITs captured only males but SETs captured both males and females. The SETs on CWD captured more S. hidana than did SETs on soil in both the salvaged and unsalvaged sites. The PITs captured only a few individuals; thus, PITs are not suitable for studying this insect, although such traps were previously reported to capture S. hidana adults. Stable isotope analyses suggested that S. hidana feeds on a variety of plant materials, including living plants and CWD. These results suggest that CWD has long‐term effects on insect populations. Soil emergence traps provide an effective method to quantitatively evaluate insect ecology, and FITs can effectively screen for the existence of insects.     

A comparison of two common flight interception traps to survey tropical arthropods

Tropical forests are predicted to harbor most of the insect diversity on earth, but few studies have been conducted to characterize insect communities in tropical forests. One major limitation is the lack of consensus on methods for insect collection. Deciding which insect trap to use is an important consideration for ecologists and entomologists, yet to date few study has presented a quantitative comparison of the results generated by standardized methods in tropical insect communities. Here, we investigate the relative performance of two flight interception traps, the windowpane trap, and the more widely used malaise trap, across a broad gradient of lowland forest types in French Guiana. The windowpane trap consistently collected significantly more Coleoptera and Blattaria than the malaise trap, which proved most effective for Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera. Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were not well represented using either trap, suggesting the need for additional methods such as bait traps and light traps. Our results of contrasting trap performance among insect orders underscore the need for complementary trapping strategies using multiple methods for community surveys in tropical forests.     

Toward a standardized quantitative and qualitative insect monitoring scheme

The number of insect species and insect abundances decreased severely during the past decades over major parts of Central Europe. Previous studies documented declines of species richness, abundances, shifts in species composition, and decreasing biomass of flying insects. In this study, we present a standardized approach to quantitatively and qualitatively assess insect diversity, biomass, and the abundance of taxa, in parallel. We applied two methods: Malaise traps, and automated and active light trapping. Sampling was conducted from April to October 2018 in southern Germany, at four sites representing conventional and organic farming. Bulk samples obtained from Malaise traps were further analyzed using DNA metabarcoding. Larger moths (Macroheterocera) collected with light trapping were further classified according to their degree of endangerment. Our methods provide valuable quantitative and qualitative data. Our results indicate more biomass and higher species richness, as well as twice the number of Red List lepidopterans in organic farmland than in conventional farmland. This combination of sampling methods with subsequent DNA metabarcoding and assignments of individuals according depending on ecological characteristics and the degree of endangerment allows to evaluate the status of landscapes and represents a suitable setup for large‐scale long‐term insect monitoring across Central Europe, and elsewhere.     

采用马氏诱集器法对不同小生境昆虫相的初步研究

本文采用马氏诱集器法对6种不同小生境的昆虫相进行初步研究。对采集到的昆虫进行整理和数据分析后表明,采用马氏诱集器法对不同昆虫的诱集效果不同,其中对双翅目、鳞翅目和膜翅目的诱集效果较好。根据诱集结果,不同生境的昆虫种类和数量都存在明显差异。     

Application of an image and environmental sensor network for automated greenhouse insect pest monitoring

This work presents an automated insect pest counting and environmental condition monitoring system using integrated camera modules and an embedded system as the sensor node in a wireless sensor network. The sensor node can be used to simultaneously acquire images of sticky paper traps and measure temperature, humidity, and light intensity levels in a greenhouse. An image processing algorithm was applied to automatically detect and count insect pests on an insect sticky trap with 93% average temporal detection accuracy compared with manual counting. The integrated monitoring system was implemented with multiple sensor nodes in a greenhouse and experiments were performed to test the system’s performance. Experimental results show that the automatic counting of the monitoring system is comparable with manual counting, and the insect pest count information can be continuously and effectively recorded. Information on insect pest concentrations were further analyzed temporally and spatially with environmental factors. Analyses of experimental data reveal that the normalized hourly increase in the insect pest count appears to be associated with the change in light intensity, temperature, and relative humidity. With the proposed system, laborious manual counting can be circumvented and timely assessment of insect pest and environmental information can be achieved. The system also offers an efficient tool for long-term insect pest behavior observations, as well as for practical applications in integrated pest management (IPM).     

Efficient monitoring of maize orange leafhopper, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicadulina bipunctata</Emphasis> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and small brown planthopper, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laodelphax striatellus</Emphasis> (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in forage maize fields using yellow sticky traps

The monitoring of insect pests in fields of forage maize is difficult because plants are tall and grow at a high density. We investigated the effectiveness of colored sticky traps and appropriate conditions for monitoring insect pests in forage maize fields. Large numbers of the maize orange leafhopper, Cicadulina bipunctata Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), were collected during the experimental period with yellow and blue sticky traps placed in summer crop forage maize fields. A greater number of insects were trapped in yellow traps relative to blue traps. Traps located at a lower height (40 cm above the ground) attracted larger numbers of C. bipunctata, whereas L. striatellus did not demonstrate a height-dependent preference. These results indicated that yellow-colored sticky traps located at low height are effective for collecting C. bipunctata and L. striatellus simultaneously. Seasonal occurrence data obtained by the yellow sticky traps showed clearer seasonal occurrences than that obtained by two previously developed methods, suction and light traps, indicating that sticky traps are effective for monitoring the seasonal occurrence of these two insects in forage maize fields.     

Using insect traps to increase weaver ant (Oecophylla longinoda) prey capture

Weaver ants (Oecophylla spp.) are managed in plantations to control insect pests and are sometimes harvested as a protein‐rich food source. In both cases, the amount of insect prey caught by the ants is imperative for returns, as more prey leads to more effective biocontrol and to a higher production of ants. Malaise‐like traps placed in trees may catch flying insects without catching ants, as ants may use pheromone trails to navigate in and out of the traps. Thus, ants may increase their prey intake if they are able to extract insects caught in traps. In a mango plantation in Tanzania, we estimated the amount of insects caught by simple traps (cost per trap = 3.9 USD), and whether Oecophylla longinoda was able to collect insects from them. On average, a trap caught 110 insects per month without catching any weaver ants. The number of insects found in traps with ant access was 25% lower than in control traps (ants excluded), showing that ants were able to gather prey from the traps. Ant activity in traps increased over time, showing that prey extraction efficiency may increase as ants customize to the traps. The prey removed from traps by ants constituted 5% of the number of prey items collected by O. longinoda under natural conditions (without traps), potentially increasing to 14% if ants learn to extract all insects. Thus, prey intake may be increased with 5–14% per 3.9 USD invested in traps. These numbers increased to 38 and 78%, respectively, when light was used to attract insects during night time. Combining ant predation with insect trapping is a new approach potentially building increased returns to ant biocontrol and to ant entomophagy.