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1.
Makoto Saito Mary Ellen Gilder François Nosten Philippe J. Guérin Rose McGready 《Malaria journal》2017,16(1):491
Background
Considering the uncertainty of safety of anti-malarial drugs in pregnancy, efficacy studies are one of the few sources of clinical safety data. Complete safety evaluation is not usually incorporated in efficacy studies due to financial and human resource constraints. This review reports the methods used for the assessment of safety of artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatments in efficacy studies in pregnancy.Methods
Methodology of assessment and reporting of safety in efficacy studies of artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatment in pregnancy was reviewed using seven databases and two clinical trial registries. The protocol was registered to PROSPERO (CRD42017054808).Results
Of 48 eligible efficacy studies the method of estimation of gestational age was reported in only 32 studies (67%, 32/48) and ultrasound was used in 18 studies (38%, 18/48). Seventeen studies (35%, 17/48) reported parity, 9 (19%, 9/48) reported gravidity and 13 (27%, 13/48) reported both. Thirty-eight studies (79%, 38/48) followed participants through to pregnancy outcome. Fetal loss was assessed in 34 studies (89%, 34/38), but the definition of miscarriage and stillbirth were defined only in 11 (32%, 11/34) and 7 (21%, 7/34) studies, respectively. Preterm birth was assessed in 26 studies (68%, 26/38) but was defined in 16 studies (62%, 16/26). Newborn weight was assessed in 30 studies (79%, 30/38) and length in 10 studies (26%, 10/38). Assessment of birth weight took gestational age into account in four studies (13%, 4/30). Congenital abnormalities were reported in 32 studies (84%, 32/38). Other common risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes were not well-reported.Conclusion
Incomplete reporting and varied methodological assessment of pregnancy outcomes in anti-malarial drug efficacy studies limits comparison across studies. A standard list of minimal necessary parameters to assess and report the safety component of efficacy studies of anti-malarials in pregnancy is proposed.2.
Greta Burneikaitė Evgeny Shkolnik Jelena Čelutkienė Gitana Zuozienė Irena Butkuvienė Birutė Petrauskienė Pranas Šerpytis Aleksandras Laucevičius Amir Lerman 《Cardiovascular ultrasound》2017,15(1):11
Aim
To systematically review currently available cardiac shock-wave therapy (CSWT) studies in humans and perform meta-analysis regarding anti-anginal efficacy of CSWT.Methods
The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Medscape, Research Gate, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were explored. In total 39 studies evaluating the efficacy of CSWT in patients with stable angina were identified including single arm, non- and randomized trials. Information on study design, subject’s characteristics, clinical data and endpoints were obtained. Assessment of publication risk of bias was performed and heterogeneity across the studies was calculated by using random effects model.Results
Totally, 1189 patients were included in 39 reviewed studies, with 1006 patients treated with CSWT. The largest patient sample of single arm study consisted of 111 patients. All selected studies demonstrated significant improvement in subjective measures of angina symptoms and/or quality of life, in the majority of studies left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion improved. In 12 controlled studies with 483 patients included (183 controls) angina class, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) score, nitrates consumption were significantly improved after the treatment.In 593 participants across 22 studies the exercise capacity was significantly improved after CSWT, as compared with the baseline values (in meta-analysis standardized mean difference SMD?=??0.74; 95% CI, ?0.97 to ?0.5; p?<?0.001).Conclusions
Systematic review of CSWT studies in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) demonstrated consistent improvement of clinical variables. Meta-analysis showed a moderate improvement of exercise capacity.Overall, CSWT is a promising non-invasive option for patients with end-stage CAD, but evidence is limited to small sample single-center studies. Multi-center adequately powered randomised double blind studies are warranted.3.
Tiago G. Morais Ricardo F. M. Teixeira Tiago Domingos 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2016,21(6):875-884
Purpose
One of the main trends in life cycle assessment (LCA) today is towards increased regionalization in inventories and impact assessment methods. LCA studies require the collection of activity data but also of increasingly region-specific background data to accurately depict supply chain processes and enable the application of an increasing number of geographically explicit impact assessment models. This is particularly important for agri-food products. In this review, we assess progress in Portugal towards this goal and provide recommendations for future developments.Methods
We perform a comprehensive review of available LCA studies conducted for Portuguese agri-food products, in order to evaluate the current state of Portuguese agri-food LCA. Among other issues, we assess availability of data, methods used, level of regionalization, impact assessment model relevance and coherence for inter-product comparability. We also provide conclusions and recommendations based on recent developments in the field.Results and discussion
We found 22 LCA studies, covering 22 different products. The analysis of these studies reveals limitations in inter-study comparability. The main challenges have to do with a lack of country-specific foreground data sources applied consistently in the studies found, with discrepancies in impact assessment categories, and with the use of simple functional units that may misrepresent the product analyzed.Conclusions
We conclude that Portuguese agri-food LCA studies do not have a systematic and country-scale approach in order to guarantee regional accuracy and comparability. We propose a research strategy to engage the Portuguese agri-food LCA community in devising a consistent framework before practical application studies are conducted.4.
5.
Sanjay Bansal Sarwar Beg Babita Garg Abhay Asthana Gyati S. Asthana Bhupinder Singh 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2016,17(5):1086-1099
The objective of the present studies was systematic development of floating-bioadhesive gastroretentive tablets of cefuroxime axetil employing rational blend of hydrophilic polymers for attaining controlled release drug delivery. As per the QbD-based approach, the patient-centric target product profile and quality attributes of tablet were earmarked, and preliminary studies were conducted for screening the suitability of type of polymers, polymer ratio, granulation technique, and granulation time for formulation of tablets. A face-centered cubic design (FCCD) was employed for optimization of the critical material attributes, i.e., concentration of release controlling polymers, PEO 303 and HPMC K100 LV CR, and evaluating in vitro buoyancy, drug release, and ex vivo mucoadhesion strength. The optimized formulation was embarked upon through numerical optimization, which yield excellent floatation characteristic with drug release control (i.e., T 60%?>?6 h) and bioadhesion strength. Drug-excipient compatibility studies through FTIR and P-XRD revealed the absence of any interaction between the drug and polymers. In vivo evaluation of the gastroretentive characteristics through X-ray imaging and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits revealed significant extension in the rate of drug absorption (i.e., T max, K a, and MRT) from the optimized tablet formulation as compared to the marketed formulation. Successful establishment of various levels of in vitro/in vivo correlations (IVIVC) substantiated high degree of prognostic ability of in vitro dissolution conditions in predicting the in vivo performance. In a nutshell, the studies demonstrate successful development of the once-a-day gastroretentive formulations of cefuroxime axetil with controlled drug release profile and improved compliance. 相似文献
6.
Katarina Zupancic Valentina Kriksic Irena Kovacevic Dujo Kovacevic 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2017,9(2):102-110
Traditionally, probiotics are linked to the good health of the intestine and most clinical studies focus on that field. Evidence of oral probiotic use for ear and oral cavity disease prevention with impact on human health is limited. This work reviews existing studies and literature on Streptococcus salivarius K12 as an oral probiotic and effects of S. salivarius K12 on human ear and oral cavity human health. The studies were accessed via database searches: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Elsevier. The search included/focused on/encompassed publications from 2003 to 2016 with keywords related to K12 Streptococcus salivarius, bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) K12, probiotic K12 salivarius, and K12 probiotic health effects. Only a small amount of studies was identified: the total of 68 studies was identified, 35 of which were relevant after screening, and 9 were included in the final analysis. Very little literature is available about the association/correlation between/connection/interrelation of S. salivarius K12 with/and human ear and oral cavity health. S. salivarius K12 may have a role in reducing the occurrence and/or severity of secretory otitis media (SOM) and also in prevention of streptococcal and viral pharyngotonsillitis in children. Research highlights that S. salivarius K12 has shown promising results in treatment of halitosis, but data are still deficient. Further studies need to be initiated to improve understanding of the association of oral probiotic S. salivarius K12 with human ear and oral cavity health. 相似文献
7.
The relationship between computational SAR studies and relevant data gathering and generation activities is complex. First, the chemical class to be studied is selected on the basis of information requirements for hazard identification and assessment. Membership in the class is determined by consideration of chemical structure and reactivity. Compilation of the existing bioassay data for this chemical class follows immediately from the specification of the class. Bioassay data, qualitative knowledge of general chemical reactivities in this class, and knowledge concerning potential interactions with biomolecular targets all contribute to the derivation of possible mechanisms for biological activity. Computational studies based on modeling the proposed mechanism of action and/or the existing data base can provide a quantitative basis for the differentiation between chemicals. There is the opportunity for continuing feedback between the quantitative computational studies and the development of a relevant bioassay data base for this chemical class. The qualitative and quantitative information on the potential biological responses obtained will provide a rational basis for extrapolation from the extant data base to the chemicals of interest, and to biological responses significant to the assessment for which complete data are unavailable. Knowledge concerning possible mechanisms of action and preexisting data determine the type of computational study that will be most useful. 相似文献
8.
E. C. Considine G. Thomas A. L. Boulesteix A. S. Khashan L. C. Kenny 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):7
Introduction
We present the first study to critically appraise the quality of reporting of the data analysis step in metabolomics studies since the publication of minimum reporting guidelines in 2007.Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the standard of reporting of the data analysis step in metabolomics biomarker discovery studies and to investigate whether the level of detail supplied allows basic understanding of the steps employed and/or reuse of the protocol. For the purposes of this review we define the data analysis step to include the data pretreatment step and the actual data analysis step, which covers algorithm selection, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.Method
We reviewed the literature to identify metabolomic studies of biomarker discovery that were published between January 2008 and December 2014. Studies were examined for completeness in reporting the various steps of the data pretreatment phase and data analysis phase and also for clarity of the workflow of these sections.Results
We analysed 27 papers, published anytime in 2008 until the end of 2014 in the area or biomarker discovery in serum metabolomics. The results of this review showed that the data analysis step in metabolomics biomarker discovery studies is plagued by unclear and incomplete reporting. Major omissions and lack of logical flow render the data analysis’ workflows in these studies impossible to follow and therefore replicate or even imitate.Conclusions
While we await the holy grail of computational reproducibility in data analysis to become standard, we propose that, at a minimum, the data analysis section of metabolomics studies should be readable and interpretable without omissions such that a data analysis workflow diagram could be extrapolated from the study and therefore the data analysis protocol could be reused by the reader. That inconsistent and patchy reporting obfuscates reproducibility is a given. However even basic understanding and reuses of protocols are hampered by the low level of detail supplied in the data analysis sections of the studies that we reviewed.9.
The genes controlling meiotic progression in plants and not affecting mitotic progression are most widely studied in maize Zea mays and cruciferous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These include the genes controlling the differentiation of somatic cells into sporogenous ones and meiosis-initiating genes, genes encoding meiosis-specific proteins of chromosomes and synaptonemal complexes, genes of mediator proteins and enzymes of meiotic DNA recombination and crossover, and genes controlling meiosis-specific behavior of centromeres and the course of two meiotic divisions. A large number of such genes have been cloned and studied at the molecular level. The studies of meiotic genes in rice Oriza sativa are actively developing, while studies of corresponding genes in barley Hordeum vulgare, rye Secale cereale, tomato Solanum lycopersicum, and hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum are less advanced. To identify meiotic genes, chemical and insertional mutagenesis, genetic and cytological analysis, genomic and proteomic studies, methods of reverse genetics, and bioinformatics are used. 相似文献
10.
Natalia Hanazaki Dannieli Firme Herbst Mel Simionato Marques Ina Vandebroek 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2013,9(1):75
Background
The shifting baseline syndrome is a concept from ecology that can be analyzed in the context of ethnobotanical research. Evidence of shifting baseline syndrome can be found in studies dealing with intracultural variation of knowledge, when knowledge from different generations is compared and combined with information about changes in the environment and/or natural resources.Methods
We reviewed 84 studies published between 1993 and 2012 that made comparisons of ethnobotanical knowledge according to different age classes. After analyzing these studies for evidence of the shifting baseline syndrome (lower knowledge levels in younger generations and mention of declining abundance of local natural resources), we searched within these studies for the use of the expressions “cultural erosion”, “loss of knowledge”, or “acculturation”.Results
The studies focused on different groups of plants (e.g. medicinal plants, foods, plants used for general purposes, or the uses of specific important species). More than half of all 84 studies (57%) mentioned a concern towards cultural erosion or knowledge loss; 54% of the studies showed evidence of the shifting baseline syndrome; and 37% of the studies did not provide any evidence of shifting baselines (intergenerational knowledge differences but no information available about the abundance of natural resources).Discussion and conclusions
The general perception of knowledge loss among young people when comparing ethnobotanical repertoires among different age groups should be analyzed with caution. Changes in the landscape or in the abundance of plant resources may be associated with changes in ethnobotanical repertoires held by people of different age groups. Also, the relationship between the availability of resources and current plant use practices rely on a complexity of factors. Fluctuations in these variables can cause changes in the reference (baseline) of different generations and consequently be responsible for differences in intergenerational knowledge. Unraveling the complexity of changes in local knowledge systems in relation to environmental changes will allow the identification of more meaningful information for resource conservation.11.
Regioselective facile one-pot synthesis of 16 different sugar-based quinoline, naphthyridine, and xanthone derivatives is reported. The compounds are characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The β-Anomeric form of the sugar moiety was identified from 1H NMR studies. Antimicrobial studies of these sugar-heterocyclic derivatives, 3a, 3b, 3f, 5c, 7a, 7b, and 7c show excellent activity against different microbes. 相似文献
12.
Expression of CD1 and class I MHC antigens by human thymocytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M L Blue H Levine J F Daley K R Branton S F Schlossman 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1989,142(8):2714-2720
The acquisition of surface class I MHC molecules is associated with the maturation of thymocytes. Here, surface expression of class I MHC and CD1, which represents a family of MHC-related molecules, was analyzed on various human immature and mature thymocyte subpopulations. Class I expression was inversely related to the expression of CD1. The majority of CD4+ CD8+ cortical type thymocytes expressed low levels of class I MHC Ag, the previously described CD4+ CD8+ thymocyte subpopulation with low CD8 expression exhibited intermediate levels of class I MHC, whereas most of the single positive CD4 and CD8 thymocytes displayed high levels of class I MHC. Biochemical comparison of CD1 and class I showed that thymic class I molecules were post-translationally modified by phosphorylation, whereas CD1 was not phosphorylated. Furthermore, our studies suggested that in addition to CD1/CD8 complexes, thymocytes bear CD8/class I complexes. Chemical cross-linking and peptide mapping studies clearly identified the CD8-associated protein on thymic clones as the class I MHC molecule. 相似文献
13.
The β-lactamases enzymes cleave the amide bond in β-lactam ring, rendering β-lactam antibiotics harmless to bacteria. In this
communication we have studied structure-function relationship and phylogenies of class A, B and D beta-lactamases using
structure-based sequence alignment and phylip programs respectively. The data of structure-based sequence alignment suggests
that in different isolates of TEM-1, mutations did not occur at or near sequence motifs. Since deletions are reported to be lethal to
structure and function of enzyme. Therefore, in these variants antibiotic hydrolysis profile and specificity will be affected. The
alignment data of class A enzyme SHV-1, CTX-M-15, class D enzyme, OXA-10, and class B enzyme VIM-2 and SIM-1 show
sequence motifs along with other part of polypeptide are essentially conserved. These results imply that conformations of betalactamases
are close to native state and possess normal hydrolytic activities towards beta-lactam antibiotics. However, class B
enzyme such as IMP-1 and NDM-1 are less conserved than other class A and D studied here because mutation and deletions
occurred at critically important region such as active site. Therefore, the structure of these beta-lactamases will be altered and
antibiotic hydrolysis profile will be affected. Phylogenetic studies suggest that class A and D beta-lactamases including TOHO-1
and OXA-10 respectively evolved by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) whereas other member of class A such as TEM-1 evolved by
gene duplication mechanism. Taken together, these studies justify structure-function relationship of beta-lactamases and
phylogenetic studies suggest these enzymes evolved by different mechanisms. 相似文献
14.
Purpose of Review
This review summarizes the fungal diagnostic measures currently available for use in paediatric patients at high risk for developing invasive fungal disease (IFD) and those suspected of having an IFD. The clinical utility of each test is described based on reported performances of individual tests in specific paediatric populations.Recent Findings
Available studies in the paediatric population are scarce and are characterized by a huge heterogeneity in underlying diseases (e.g. different risk for IFD), different study objectives and management strategies (screening versus diagnostic) used.Summary
A final valuation of paediatric studies on fungal diagnostic tools is limited. While the galactomannan and fungal PCR assays are useful to exclude the presence of IFD, it is unclear if mannan, mannan antibodies and β-D-glucan are of benefit due to a lack of studies or validation of the cut-off, respectively. Well-designed multicentre paediatric studies are urgently needed to improve the outcome of IFD.15.
16.
Nguyen Phuoc Long Sang Jun Yoon Nguyen Hoang Anh Tran Diem Nghi Dong Kyu Lim Yu Jin Hong Soon-Sun Hong Sung Won Kwon 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(8):109
Introduction
Metabolomics is an emerging approach for early detection of cancer. Along with the development of metabolomics, high-throughput technologies and statistical learning, the integration of multiple biomarkers has significantly improved clinical diagnosis and management for patients.Objectives
In this study, we conducted a systematic review to examine recent advancements in the oncometabolomics-based diagnostic biomarker discovery and validation in pancreatic cancer.Methods
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published before September 2017. We examined the study designs, the metabolomics approaches, and the reporting methodological quality following PRISMA statement.Results and Conclusion
The included 25 studies primarily focused on the identification rather than the validation of predictive capacity of potential biomarkers. The sample size ranged from 10 to 8760. External validation of the biomarker panels was observed in nine studies. The diagnostic area under the curve ranged from 0.68 to 1.00 (sensitivity: 0.43–1.00, specificity: 0.73–1.00). The effects of patients’ bio-parameters on metabolome alterations in a context-dependent manner have not been thoroughly elucidated. The most reported candidates were glutamic acid and histidine in seven studies, and glutamine and isoleucine in five studies, leading to the predominant enrichment of amino acid-related pathways. Notably, 46 metabolites were estimated in at least two studies. Specific challenges and potential pitfalls to provide better insights into future research directions were thoroughly discussed. Our investigation suggests that metabolomics is a robust approach that will improve the diagnostic assessment of pancreatic cancer. Further studies are warranted to validate their validity in multi-clinical settings.17.
《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology》1991,98(1-2):69-75
- 1.1. The role of physiological energetic measurements combined with chemical analyses of contaminants in body tissues of mussels in fundamental toxicological studies and pollution monitoring programmes is outlined.
- 2.2. Important features of this toxicological approach are briefly reviewed, including aspects of bioaccumulation, sensitivity, quantitative concentration-response relationships, QSARs, mechanistic interpretation, ecological relevance, integration of the consequences of multiple mechanisms of toxicity and effects of contaminant mixtures and application to laboratory and field studies.
- 3.3. This review focuses particularly on recent advances in understanding and predicting the effects of complex mixtures of contaminants.
18.
19.
E. N. Muratova T. S. Sedel’nikova T. V. Karpyuk O. S. Vladimirova A. V. Pimenov N. A. Mikheeva E. V. Bazhina O. V. Kvitko 《Contemporary Problems of Ecology》2008,1(2):263-271
The results summarize many years of karyological and cytogenetic studies of conifers from the boreal zone, done at the Sukachev Forest Institute. The species under study belong to four genera of the family Pinaceae: Larix (larch), Pinus (pine), Picea (spruce), and Abies (fir). Overall, the research covers more than 100 populations and habitats of the species from these genera. The study concerns species growing under both optimal and marginal conditions. The studies of the family Cupressaceae have been initiated. A special attention is given to conifers growing on bogs and in planted forests. 相似文献
20.
Hongcai Cai Jean Damascene Niringiyumukiza Yamin Li Qiaohong Lai Yinzhao Jia Ping Su Wenpei Xiang 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2018,16(1):123