类胡萝卜素产生菌深红酵母的培养条件的优化研究

本文研究深红酵母及其产生的类胡萝卜素的培养优化条件,并对其进行了小型发酵试验,结果表明ＰＨ值对深红酵母和类胡萝卜有影响,初始ＰＨ值越低,我素的积累量越高, 酵过程中控制ＰＨ值能有铲地增加色素积累的速度和初始色素积累量,但随着发酵时间的延长,色素积累量逐渐下降。     

深红酵母JLC固态发酵废弃烟梗制备类胡萝卜素研究

烟梗是卷烟工业的一种典型固态废弃物,为资源化利用废弃烟梗(waste tobacco stem,WTS),采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计对影响一株深红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra)JLC固态发酵WTS生产类胡萝卜素的相关因素进行了评价。PB设计与统计学分析表明:在选择的10个相关因素中,装载量、培养时间和酵母粉添加量是影响类胡萝卜素产量的3个关键因素。在PB实验条件下,深红酵母JLC发酵产类胡萝卜素的最高量可达21.54μg/g。     

深红酵母JLC固态发酵废弃烟梗制备类胡萝卜素研究北大核心CSCD

烟梗是卷烟工业的一种典型固态废弃物,为资源化利用废弃烟梗(waste tobacco stem,WTS),采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计对影响一株深红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra)JLC固态发酵WTS生产类胡萝卜素的相关因素进行了评价。PB设计与统计学分析表明:在选择的10个相关因素中,装载量、培养时间和酵母粉添加量是影响类胡萝卜素产量的3个关键因素。在PB实验条件下,深红酵母JLC发酵产类胡萝卜素的最高量可达21.54μg/g。     

粘红酵母发酵生产类胡萝卜素培养条件的优化

目的是通过测定不同条件下类胡萝卜素的产量找出粘红酵母发酵生产类胡萝卜素的最优条件。探讨了不同碳源、氮源对粘红酵母菌体生长和色素形成的影响,并通过正交实验确定了最佳条件组合。实验结果表明,最适发酵培养条件为：蔗糖40g/L、酵母粉20g/L、转速150r/min、装液量30mL/500mL、发酵时间84h。在此条件下,粘红酵母摇瓶发酵的生物量、类胡萝卜素含量及产量分别达15.17g/L、718.6μg/g、10.9mg/L,依次比初始发酵提高了1倍、7.4倍和15.8倍。发酵过程动态分析表明,84h色素产量达最高峰。     

休哈塔假丝酵母发酵木糖制乙醇过程研究

木质纤维素原料水解产物的主要成分是葡萄糖和木糖,其中葡萄糖很容易发酵,致使木糖成为木质纤维素发酵的关键,休哈塔假丝酵母(Candida shehatae)1766是自然界木糖发酵性能较好的天然酵母之一。研究了发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量、初始pH值、摇床转速等因素对休哈塔假丝酵母1766发酵木糖生产乙醇的影响,由正交试验初步确定了休哈塔假丝酵母发酵木糖制乙醇工艺的适宜条件为好氧条件,发酵时间为2d,发酵温度为28℃,摇床转速为150r/min,初始pH值为5,此时乙醇收率最高可达68.62%。     

法夫酵母高产虾青素的选育及发酵条件的优化

对法夫酵母原始菌株进行了紫外线－氯化锂复合诱变,获得了一株遗传性状稳定、在25℃条件下虾青素高产的菌株UL-40。其类胡萝卜素产量为7.10mg/L,经HPLC测定,其虾青素产量为643.97μg/g,比出发菌株提高了249.87%。利用SAS软件中的Plackett-Burman设计对发酵温度、初始pH值以及发酵培养基的八种组分进行优化组合,从中选出发酵温度、初始pH值和Corn steep liquor浓度为重要因素,通过响应面分析法建立了模型并从该模型中计算出在发酵温度为16.78℃、初始pH为4.73和CSL浓度为7.06mg/L时预测的最大响应值为3.9407mg/L,经实验证实此点的实测值为3.9261mg/L,证明模型是有效的并且存在极大值点。采用优化后的发酵条件及发酵培养基,法夫酵母生产虾青素的产量较原始发酵培养基提高了20.4%。     

海洋红酵母Y2发酵产类胡萝卜素条件的研究

目的 对海洋红酵母Y2高产类胡萝卜素的发酵条件进行优化.方法 在摇瓶条件下,研究培养基成分和培养条件对海洋红酵母Y2生长和类胡萝卜素合成的影响,同时进行海洋红酵母Y2发酵过程的动态分析.结果 海洋红酵母Y2优化培养基组合为葡萄糖45 g/L,蔗糖15 g/L,酵母粉5 g/L,蛋白胨2.5 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1 g/L,磷酸二氢钠3 g/L,硫酸镁7.5 g/L,氯化钾3 g/L,氯化钠5 g/L.最适培养参数为:温度20℃,培养基初始pH为5,接种量为10％,250 mL摇瓶装液量为10～50 mL.类胡萝卜素的合成主要集中在对数生长期和稳定期.海洋红酵母Y2最适收获时间为72 h.种龄以36 h为宜.结论 利用优化培养基,在最适条件下培养海洋红酵母Y2,类胡萝卜素产量达到4.97 mg/L,比基础培养基提高了60.32％.     

红酵母超高压突变体的类胡萝卜素提取及特性研究

采用酸-热法破壁和丙酮为提取溶剂,在所优化的最佳组合条件下,从红酵母超高压突变株提取类胡萝卜素,平均提取率可达718.1μg/g干细胞。色素粗提物采用柱色谱分离纯化后,通过薄层色谱（TLC）、紫外光谱和HPLC进行分析,发现该酵母突变体的发酵产物至少含β-胡萝卜素、园酵母素和红酵母红素等3种色素,其中β-胡萝卜素含量最多,超过50%的比例。该色素提取物的光热稳定性好于先前报道的同类色素;体外清除自由基实验也表明该类胡萝卜素提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性。因此,利用该突变株发酵生产类胡萝卜素值得进一步研究和开发。     

不同补料发酵方式对发夫酵母产虾青素的影响

对发夫酵母的不同补料发酵方式进行了研究,期望提高发酵产率,以便对工业化生产提供一定的指导作用。实验结果表明：采用恒pH葡萄糖-氨水流加培养,色素量和生物量均具有最大值,分别为54.3μg/ml和49.5μg/ml;其次是指数流加培养,色素量和生物量分别为49.9μg/ml和47.4mg/ml;恒pO2流加方式下色素量和生物量分别为34.04ug/ml和35.4mg/ml;恒pH葡萄糖流加方式所得的色素量和生物量最小,分别为32.3μg/ml和31.5mg/ml。不同的补料发酵方式对发夫酵母生长和色素形成的影响很大。     

发酵条件对短梗霉多糖产量的影响

对短梗霉发酵培养基的初始pH,初始蔗糖浓度,酵母膏浓度,NH4^ 浓度,接种量和装液量等发酵条件对短梗霉多糖发酵影响进行了研究。结果表明,发酵条件对多糖发酵有显著的影响,当初始pH,初始蔗糖浓度,NH4^ 浓度,酵母膏浓度和装液量分别为6.5,5.0%,0.5g/L,0.2%和25ml时多糖的产量达到最大值;但接种量在2.0%-7.0%之间对多糖的产量影响不大,可见,通过对培养条件的调整,有助于短梗霉多糖的产量的提高。     

Carotenoid production by lactoso-negative yeasts co-cultivated with lactic acid bacteria in whey ultrafiltrate

Two strains were selected--the lactoso-negative yeast Rhodotorula rubra GED2 and the homofermentative Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei Ha1 for co-cultivation in cheese whey ultrafiltrate (WU) and active synthesis of carotenoids. Under conditions of intensive aeration (1.0 l/l min, 220 rpm), a temperature of 30 degrees C, WU with 55.0 g lactose/l, initial pH = 5.5, the carotenoid content in the cells reached a maximum, when the growth of the cultures had come to an end, i.e. in the stationary phase of the yeast. The maxima for dry cell accumulation (27.0 g/l) and carotenoid formation (12.1 mg/l culture medium) did not coincide on the 5th and 6th day, respectively. A peculiarity of the carotenoid-synthesizing Rh. rubra GED2 strain, co-cultivated with L. casei Ha1, was the production of carotenoids with high beta-carotene content (46.6% of total carotenoids) and 10.7% and 36.9% for torulene and torularhodin, respectively.     

Effect of aeration on the production of carotenoid pigments by Rhodotorula rubra-lactobacillus casei subsp. casei co-cultures in whey ultrafiltrate

Under intensive aeration (1.3 l/l min) the associated growth of Rhodotorula rubra GED2 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei in cheese whey ultrafiltrate (55 g lactose/l) proceeded effectively for both cultures with production of maximum carotenoids (12.4 mg/l culture fluid). For maximum amount of carotenoids synthesized in the cell, the yeast required more intensive aeration than the aeration needed for synthesis of maximum concentration of dry cells. Maximum concentration of carotenoids in the cell (0.49 mg/g dry cells) was registered with air flow rate at 1.3 l/l min, and of dry cells (27.0 g/l) at 1.0 l/l min. An important characteristic of carotenogenesis by Rhodotorula rubra GED2 + Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei was established--the intensive aeration (above 1.0 l/l min) stimulated beta-carotene synthesis (60% of total carotenoids).     

Mechanism of the isomerization of isopentenyl pyrophosphate in Rhodotorual rubra-1.

Stereospecifically labeled mevalonic acid was incorporated into the carotenoids of Rhodotorula. The randomized results are discussed in relation to mechanisms proposed for the conversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and the prenol transferase enzyme system to Rhondotorula rubra.     

Effects of different fungal elicitors on growth, total carotenoids and astaxanthin formation by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

Six fungal elicitors prepared from Rhodotorula rubra, Rhodotorula glutinis, Panus conchatus, Coriolus versicolor, Mucor mucedo, Mortieralla alpina M-23 were examined to determine their effects on the growth, total carotenoids and astaxanthin formation by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The results showed that different fungal elicitor could cause diversely stimulating effects. Among the fungal elicitors tested, the M. mucedo elicitor concentration of 30 mg l(-1) promoted the biomass and total carotenoids yield most remarkably, resulting in 69.81+/-6.00% and 78.87+/-4.15% higher than the control, respectively. At the concentration of 30 mg l(-1), R. glutinis elicitor stimulated the highest astaxanthin yield with a 90.60+/-5.98% increase compared to the control. The R. rubra elicitor concentration of 30 mg l(-1) resulted in the optimal total carotenoids and astaxanthin content to be 42.24+/-0.49% and 69.02+/-0.72% higher than the control, respectively. At the concentration of 30 mg l(-1), R. rubra elicitor gave the highest increase in the ratio of astaxanthin in total carotenoids by 18.85+/-0.11% of the control.     

Improvement of carotenoid-synthesizing yeast Rhodotorula rubra by chemical mutagenesis

A mutant Rhodotorula rubra with enhanced carotenoid-synthesizing activity for synthesizing total carotenoids and beta-carotene was obtained by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. When co-cultivated with yogurt starter bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus + Streptococcus thermophilus) in whey ultrafiltrate it produced 15.7 mg total carotenoids l(-1) culture fluid or 946 microg total carotenoids g(-1) dry cells of which 71% was beta-carotene. Grown as a monoculture in glucose substrate, the mutant shown 1.4 times lower carotenoid-synthesizing activity, and the relative share of beta-carotene in the total carotenoids was lower (63%). The individual pigments torulene and torularhodin were identified, whose mass fractions were (29% and 7%) and (24% and 4%), respectively, for the mutant grown as a monoculture and as a mixed culture with the yogurt bacteria.     

微生物诱导子对霉素PT95菌株菌核生物量和类胡萝卜素产率的影响

菌核是许多丝状真菌形成的一种休眠体。我们从土壤中分离到一株经鉴定属于Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｔｈｏｍｉｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ的ＰＴ95青霉菌株 ,该菌株能在固态培养基上形成大量坚硬的砂粒状的菌核 (直径约 30 0 μｍ)。ＰＴ95菌株的菌核与众不同之处在于可以积累以β 胡萝卜素为主的类胡萝卜素[1 ] 。菌核的形成 ,除了遗传因素外 ,还受多种因素影响 ,例如生长环境中的温度、水势 (Ｗａｔｅｒｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ)、有机物成分等[2～ 4] 。Ｈａｗｋｅｒ[5] 认为对真菌的营养生长 (Ｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｖｅｇｒｏｗｔｈ)有利的物质也对菌核生长有…     

Causes of conductance change in yeast cultures.

The conductance change due to growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y112, Zygosaccharomyces bailii M and Rhodotorula rubra NCYC 63 in culture media containing glucose, tartrate pH buffer and ammonium ions as sole nitrogen source was compared with that in a medium containing L-asparagine as sole nitrogen source. Decreases in conductance were observed in glucose-ammonium cultures of all three yeasts while little change occurred in cultures with L-asparagine as sole nitrogen source. This supports the hypothesis that the metabolic activity primarily responsible for conductance change in yeast cultures is the uptake of charged ammonium ions as nitrogen source and the reaction of protons with pH buffer compounds. Rhodotorula rubra cultures with L-asparagine as sole carbon source caused large increases in conductance with growth. Chemical analyses of culture filtrates showed that this increase in conductance was due to use of L-asparagine as carbon source and the excretion of nitrogen surplus to biosynthetic needs as ammonium. In addition, the production of aspartate, acetate and bicarbonate contributed to the increase in conductance.     

The effect of nitrosoguanidine on carotene-synthesizing and pigment-free yeasts

A number of mutants with a demand for amino acids, vitamins and nitrous bases has been obtained under effect of nitrosoguanidine (0.05%) on the yeast Candida utilis and carotene-synthesizing yeast Rhodosporidium diobovatum, Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis and Rh. rubra. Concentration of auxotrophs due to the death of prototrophs has been achieved in the studied yeast, with the exception of Rh. rubra using additional treatment by levorin (200 units/ml). When selecting quickly growing mutants of carotene-synthesizing yeast obtained after treatment by nitrosoguanidine, the primary selection by the intensity of red-orange colour of the colonies proved to be more efficient than that by resistance to monoiodoacetic acid. The selected mutants of the pigmented yeast surpassed by primary culture as to the harvest of carotenoids (including beta-carotene) and biomass in the periodic and continuous processes.     

Production of biotin by yeasts

A quantitative screening procedure for biotin and biotin vitamer production was conducted on 129 yeast strains able to grow in a biotin-free medium. Production of biotin and biotin vitamers varied considerably from strain to strain even within a species. The best producers of biotin were strains of Sporobolomyces roseus and Rhodotorula rubra whilst strains of Rhodotorula rubra and Yarrowia lipolytica produced the largest amounts of vitamers.     

红酵母RY—981类胡萝卜素发酵助剂的研究

通过探索几种促进剂和前体对红酵母RY－981类胡萝卜素发酵的影响,从中选出了番茄汁和花生油2种对红酵母生长及其类胡萝卜素合成具有显著促进作用的发酵助剂,并确定了适宜的用量。应用试验和发酵过程动态分析表明,这2种发酵助剂增产效果明显（当同时添加番茄汁2.6mL/L和花生油1ml/L时,菌体量、类胡萝卜素含量和产量可分别比对照组提高53．13％、20．29％和84．07％）,且对发酵过程菌体生长及生理代谢规律无不良影响。