磁场处理种子后番茄幼苗在低温胁迫下保护酶的变化

试验用场强为１０００ＧＳ、１４００ＧＳ、１８００ＧＳ的磁场处理番茄（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｓｉｃｏｎｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｍＭｉｌ）种子,于子叶期和真叶期进行低温胁迫,发现处理组超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）比活性和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性均高于对照组。子叶期幼苗谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）和可溶性蛋白含量与对照相比均有所升高。幼苗外观寒害症状也较轻。因此,可以认为磁场处理在一定程度上可提高番茄幼苗的抗寒性。     

外磁场对小麦过氧化物酶酶促反应动力学的影响

采用初速度法研究了外磁场对小麦过氧化物酶(POD)酶促反应动力学的影响。发现外磁场可使POD酶促反应体系时间进程加快,反应速度提高。进一步研究表明,外磁场使反应体系的动力学参数发生了变化。     

作物野生近缘种的保护与利用

作物野生近缘种将是保证下一世纪粮食充足的重要因素。近30余年来国际国内非常重视作物野生种质资源的搜集、保存、鉴定、评价和利用的研究。我国作物野生近缘种特别丰富,同时受威胁非常严重。因此,加大力度开展作物及其野生近缘种种质资源的遗传多样性、保存技术、种质创新和利用的研究是刻不容缓的。     

渗透胁迫对蒙古冰草幼苗保护酶系统的影响

用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理蒙古冰草（Agropyron mongolicum Keng）幼苗,研究了渗透胁迫对蒙古冰草幼苗某些酶活性的影响。结果表明：在轻度干旱胁迫下,蒙古冰草幼苗可以通过提高酶活性来维持活性氧产生与清除之间的平衡,以减少干旱胁迫介导的氧化胁迫,使MDA含量、膜透性降低。在中度或重度干旱胁迫下,酶活性可能遭受破坏,即使酶活性得到一定程度的提高,也不能维持活性氧产生与清除之间的平衡,使植物产生氧化伤害。     

渗透胁迫对蒙古冰草幼苗保护酶系统的影响

用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng)幼苗,研究了渗透胁迫对蒙古冰草幼苗某些酶活性的影响。结果表明：在轻度干旱胁迫下,蒙古冰草幼苗可以通过提高酶活性来维持活性氧产生与清除之间的平衡,以减少干旱胁迫介导的氧化胁迫,使MDA含量、膜透性降低。在中度或重度干旱胁迫下,酶活性可能遭受破坏,即使酶活性得到一定程度的提高,也不能维持活性氧产生与清除之间的平衡,使植物产生氧化伤害。     

贵州少数民族对作物种质资源的利用和保护

"贵州农业生物资源调查"项目属于国家科技基础工作重大专项。贵州属于云贵高原区,地形地貌复杂,气候多样,加之多民族聚集,有"十里不同天,一山不同族"的说法。正因为如此,贵州产生了丰富多样的农业生物资源。然而,世上的事物没有一成不变的,随着社会经济的发展,外来文化的渗透,贵州少数民族传统文化和生活习俗及与之相关的农业生物资源亦逐渐消失。国家为了保护少数民族传统文化和农业生物资源,特设立本调查项目,对贵州省42个县(市)进行了普查,并对其中21个县(市)进行了系统调查。本文仅介绍贵州少数民族对其相关的主要作物种质资源的利用和保护情况,旨在为国家保护少数民族传统文化、制定农业生物资源保护策略和科学研究提供基础数据和依据。     

几种昆虫体内保护酶系统活力的研究

菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)体内存在着超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶POD)等保护酶系统,SOD活力水平与虫龄关系密切。溴氰菊酯处理菜粉蝶后10分钟,SOD、CAT及POD的活力水平均高于正常虫体。溴氰菊酯处理褐边绿刺蛾 (Parasa consocia) 和褐刺蛾 (Thoseapastornata)后,中毒的虫体内SOD及CAT活力随着中毒程度加重而逐渐上升,接近死亡时又急剧下降;未中毒的活虫体内SOD及CAT活力水平比对照活虫为高,表明与昆虫耐药性有关。在褐边绿刺蛾和褐刺蛾体内未测得POD。     

干旱胁迫对不同种源香椿叶片膜脂过氧化和保护酶系统的影响

对来源于江苏、四川、湖南、湖北、河南和陕西的香椿〔Toona sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem.〕苗进行盆栽实验,研究干旱胁迫对香椿叶片膜脂过氧化和保护酶系统的影响。结果表明,随干旱胁迫程度的加强,6个种源香椿苗叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性增强,但各指标的变化幅度因种源不同而异。复水后,除重度干旱胁迫造成的SOD活性变化难以恢复外,其余指标基本能恢复至对照水平。综合MDA含量及SOD和POD活性的变化情况认为,来源于河南、陕西和江苏的香椿具有较强的抗旱能力,而来源于湖北、四川和湖南的香椿抗旱能力较弱。     

MAGNETIC FIELD STIMULATION OF HYBRIDOMA CELLS IN VITRO

Non-ionizing physical field interactions with cells, both in situ and in vitro, is of current interest globally. This is from various directions—starting from their abilities to induce permanent modifications in cell behavior in situ, through carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, to utilizing field effects for possibly enhancing the viable cell population in vitro. This results in parallel increase in some high-value, low-volume biochemical production. In the present study, screening experiments were carried out with a unique cell line—hybridoma (OKT3) (secreting monoclonal antibodies [MAbs] against T3 surface antigens of human peripheral CD₄⁺ cells)—for a possible enhancement in the yield of extremely high value product (MAb). Overall, in the absence of any such data globally, there is apparently an urgent need for screening of such “field effects” on various other cell types in vitro for various reasons; e.g., low cost of manipulation, nonpolluting nature of interactions, distinct possibility of enhancement of produced biochemical titers, etc. In the present study, we observed various responses of the cell population both to magnetic fields alone and in combination with other known chemical stimulants of viable biomass (mono- and poly-lysine). Fifty hertz, 0.8 mT magnetic field and below, in conjunction with bulkier poly-lysine molecules, needs to be investigated further for a possible resonance-induced anti-interaction between these known mitogens and their cell surface receptors, which possibly could be extrapolated to other growth factor-receptor interactions in magnetic field environments, in situ.     

磁场对丘脑下部一氧化氮含量的影响及与丘脑下部神经内分泌核团的关系

应用硝酸还原酶反应—分光光度法测定和NADPH-d组织化学技术,对磁场处理后丘脑下部一氧化氮量的变化及其可能的原因进行了研究,发现磁场可促使丘脑下部一氧化氮量(OD值)显著升高,并具有显著滞后效应。NADPH-d阳性神经细胞及NADPH-d和血管加压素(AVP)双染阳性神经细胞集中分布在丘脑下部室旁核、室周核和视上核,但不存在 于视交叉上核,提示室旁核、室周核和视上核一氧化氮能神经细胞是丘脑下部的一氧化氮的主要来源。磁场处理后大鼠丘脑下部一氧化氮含量(OD值)较正常对照组显著升高应归因于这些神经细胞受磁场作用表达增强。一氧化氮和血管加压素的共存可能对磁场调节内分泌具有一定意义。     

磁场对大豆共生固氮的效应

恒定磁场处理慢生大豆根瘤菌“005”和接种后的大豆植株,发现磁场可以提高根瘤的固氮活性。在一定的磁场强度(70—100mT)下,固氮活性平均可以提高4—5倍,植株的结瘤数和根瘤重量平均提高2—3倍。从这样的根瘤中所分离出的根瘤菌,由慢生型转变成快生型,在100植株中有17株的根瘤分离出快生菌。生长世代时间和培养溶液中的pH值与慢生型不同,而与快生型相同。     

丙二醛对菠菜叶片中光合羧化酶和细胞保护酶活性的影响

经丙二醛(MDA)处理的菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)叶片无细胞提取物中的三种与光合作用碳素还原环有关的酶 RuBPC、PEPC、GAPDH 和三种能防御活性氧毒害的酶 SOD、CAT 和 POD 的活性皆有不同程度的降低。在较低浓度的 MDA 影响下,RuBPC/O 和 GAPDH的活性已受到明显的抑制。MDA 对纯 POD(辣根)和 CAT(牛肝)的活性同样具有抑制作用,其作用是不可逆的。CAT 与 MDA 的反应引起吸收峰向长波方向漂移。半胱氨酸对 HR-POD 活性的下降具有部分保护作用。结果认为体内积累 MDA 时,由于 MDA 对酶的损伤作用,可能导致细胞代谢的进一步紊乱。     

梯度磁场对水稻幼苗生长发育影响的研究

本文用梯度磁场处理早稻２号,旱粳子,中百４号和越富四个品种的水稻种子,同时测定了水稻幼苗叶片的叶绿素,脯氨酸,蛋白质含量和膜透性以及ＳＯＤ,ＰＯＤ活性的变化来研究梯度磁场对水稻幼苗的生物学效应,结果结果;处理后,叶绿素,脯氨酸和蛋白质含量增加,ＳＯＤ活性升高,膜透性降低,ＰＯＤ活性下降,蛋白质的电泳图谱表明,磁场处理的四个水稻,其蛋白质带和形状相同,但影响蛋白质的表达。     

LIFE IN ZERO MAGNETIC FIELD. III. ACTIVITY OF ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE AND ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE DURING IN VITRO AGING OF HUMAN BLOOD

We investigated the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of human blood during in vitro aging in normal and zero magnetic field (ZMF) for up to 72 hr at room temperature. We found a 24–31% apparent decrease of the enzymes' activities in ZMF conditions compared to controls aging in the normal geomagnetic field. The presence of these enzymes in the serum is mainly due to hemolysis. However, hemolysis is stronger in ZMF conditions. Therefore, the amount of enzymes released into the serum is correspondingly higher in these conditions. This leads to the conclusion that AST and ALT activities diminished by ZMF to a much greater extent than the apparent effect. For example, a 72-hr aging leads to a minimum five times reduction in the enzymatic activity in the blood serum. The loss of activity could be explained by denaturation and degradation processes, which proceeded more rapidly in ZMF conditions.     

EFFECTS OF MICROWAVES AND ELF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY OF VARIOUSLY TREATED RAT MACROPHAGES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 9450-MHz microwaves and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF) on the phagocytic activity of rat macrophages in control rats and those treated with vitamins C and E. In the microwave group, 24 albino Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves (2.65 mW/cm², specific absorption rate [SAR]: 1.80 W/kg) for 1 h/day for 21 days. Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (one control, three experimental) (n = 8). The rats in the first exposure group were only exposed to microwaves for 1 h per day for 21 days. In addition to exposure with microwaves as in the first experimental group, vitamins E and C (150 mg/kg/day) were injected intraperitoneally into the rats in the second and third exposure groups, respectively. In the magnetic field exposure group, 26 albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the sham (n = 12) and exposed groups (n = 14). The rats in the experimental group were exposed to ELFMF (50 Hz, 0.75 mT) for 3 h/day for 3 weeks. After completing the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed under ketalar anesthesia. The viability of isolated alveolar macrophages of rats in the microwave and ELF groups was determined and compared to sham groups. The results were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney U test. In the microwave group, the phagocytic activity in the experimental groups was found to be higher than the sham groups. However, with phagocytic activity in rats treated with both microwaves and vitamins, only the vitamin C group was significant (p < 0.05). In the magnetic field group, the phagocytic activity of rats exposed to ELFMF was lower than that of the sham group, but the results were not significant (p > 0.05). Rectal temperatures of microwaveexposed groups were found to be significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05).     

水分胁迫下扶芳藤幼苗保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的变化

扶芳藤(Euonymus fortunei(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz)作为北方城市园林的新优攀援藤本和地被植物越来越受到重视,新品系的抗逆性筛选工作迫在眉睫。本文采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟水分胁迫的方法,测定其生理指标,研究水分胁迫对扶芳藤不同品系幼苗叶片保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的影响,旨在摸索出这些生理指标与植物抗旱性的关系。研究结果表明,随着模拟干旱时间的延长,扶芳藤幼苗叶片中相对含水量(RWC)逐步下降,保护酶活性上升,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量急剧上升,并且抗旱性强的品系保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量较高。