Fatty acid composition of Simonsiella strains

Gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters of bound fatty acids extracted from the cells of 48 Simonsiella strains showed that these aerobic, gliding, multicellular-filamentous bacteria have fatty acid profiles of the pattern considered typical of Gramnegative eubacteria. All strains contained predominantly tetradecanoic acid (29.5%), 9-hexadecenoic acid (22.2%), an unidentified acid with an equivalent chain length of approximately 20 carbon atoms (15.8%), and dodecanoic acid (11.4%).Discriminant analysis of the mean relative percentages of 12 fatty acids correctly assigned 94% of the strains to groups based on their source of origin (i.e., the oral cavities of sheep, cat, human or dog); the relative amounts of only 3 of the fatty acids (9-octadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid) provided most of this discrimination.     

Fatty-acid composition of cells and lipopolysaccharides in different Yersinia species under the conditions of growth at low temperature

Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii and Y. ruckeri grown at 4 degrees C were characterized by fatty acid composition with a high content of C16:1 and C18:1, as well as the proportion of saturated to nonsaturated fatty acids equal to, on the average, 2.0. In Yersinia lipopolysaccharides a relatively high level of C16:1 and C12:0 was observed with the prevalence of 3-OH-C14:0. In the fatty-acid spectra of both cells and lipopolysaccharides no essential difference was noted. Thus, during growth at low temperature differences, earlier detected in the studied Yersinia species grown at 37 degrees C and making it possible to divide 7 Yersinia species into 2 groupes, were completely leveled. These results confirmed the close phylogenetic relationship between the Yersinia species under study and were indicative of more pronounced biological community of Yersinia under the conditions of growth at low temperature.     

Fatty acid composition of Mesorhizobium huakuii lipopolysaccharides. Identification of 27-oxooctacosanoic acid

Lipopolysaccharides of three Mesorhizobium huakuii strains carried a number of amide-linked 3-hydroxylated fatty acids including: 3-OH-12:0, 3-OH-i-13:0, 3-OH-20:0, 3-OH-i-21:0, 3-OH-22:0, 3-OH-23:0 and unsaturated 3-OH-22:1. The first three of the above mentioned acids are the main amide-linked fatty acids in the LPS preparations. The main ester-bound fatty acids comprise 16:0, i-17:0, 18:0, 20:0 and 27-OH-28:0. Among minor constituents of lipid A 25-OH-26:0 and 29-OH-30:0 together with some non-polar fatty acids were found. Additionally, the presence of 4-oxo-20:0, 4-oxo-i-21:0 and 4-oxo-22:0 amide-bound fatty acids as well as the 27-oxo-28:0 ester-linked fatty acid were proved. To our knowledge oxo fatty acids are rare constituents of lipopolysaccharides and 27-oxo-28:0 was found for the first time in the LPS preparations from members of Rhizobiaceae.     

Fatty acid composition and Shwartzman activity of lipopolysaccharides from oral bacteria

The composition and the nature of the linkage of fatty acids and the Shwartzman activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations derived from oral gram-negative bacteria including Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides loesheii, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were examined. 3-Hydroxylated and nonhydroxy fatty acids of various chain lengths were found in all of the LPS preparations. All nonhydroxy fatty acids were found to be ester-bound, and part of the 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the LPS of B. gingivalis, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were shown to be involved in ester linkage. It was also suggested that the hydroxy group of the ester-bound 3-hydroxy fatty acid of the LPS of F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans is at least partly substituted by another fatty acid, but in the LPS of B. gingivalis and E. corrodens it is not. The main amide-linked fatty acid of the LPS of B. gingivalis, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans was 3-hydroxyheptadecanoic, 3-hydroxydodecanoic, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic, and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, respectively. The results of the Shwartzman assay showed that the E. corrodens LPS was the most active among the preparations tested, and that the Shwartzman toxicity of Bacteroides LPS is extremely low.     

Plasmid composition of Yersinia pestis strains from different natural foci]

The study of the plasmid composition of 246 Y. pestis strains from different natural foci in the USSR and other countries revealed that 173 strains (70%) carried three known plasmids with a molecular weight of about 6, 45-50 and 60 megadaltons (MD) respectively. In 20 strains (8%) obtained from different sources additional cryptic plasmids were detected. In some cases the absence of one or two typical plasmids was observed. Replicon pPst was shown to have quite constant molecular weight (6 MD), whereas plasmids pCad and especially pFra exhibited certain variations of their molecular weight (45-49 MD and 60-149 MD respectively) in strains of different origin.     

Fatty acid composition of fish species with different feeding habits from an Arctic Lake

We compared the composition and content of fatty acids (FAs) in fish with different feeding habits (sardine (least) cisco Coregonus sardinella, goggle-eyed charr (pucheglazka) form of Salvelinus alpinus complex, humpback whitefish Coregonus pidschian, broad whitefish Coregonus nasus, boganid charr Salvelinus boganidae, and northern pike Esox lucius from an Arctic Lake. Feeding habits of the studied fish (planktivore, benthivore, or piscivore) significantly affected the composition of biomarker fatty acids and the ratio of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in their biomass. The hypothesis on a higher content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the fish of higher trophic level (piscivores) when compared within the same taxonomic group (order Salmoniformes) was confirmed.     

五种昆虫脂肪酸组分与含量分析

采用了索式提取法提取了5种昆虫的脂肪,5种昆虫粗脂肪含量分别为其干重的10.03%,13.41%,25.53%,19.05%和21.32%。并用气相色谱法分析了5种昆虫脂肪酸的组成和含量。结果显示,5种昆虫都富含不饱和脂肪酸即油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,在脂肪总量中该3种不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为油葫芦Gryllus testaceus77.22%、烟夜蛾Heliothis assulta71%、灰斑古毒蛾Orguia ericae67.9%、银纹夜蛾Argyrogramma agnata57.14%、白薯天蛾Herse convolvuli56.17%,特别是昆虫脂肪中亚麻酸的含量明显高于日常食用动植物油脂。研究结果表明昆虫脂肪酸组成和含量非常适于食用和药用,是极好的脂肪酸源。     

Fatty acid composition of vitellogenin from four teleost species

The fatty acid compositions of vitellogenin and liver from cod (Gadus morhua), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) were determined. Vitellogenin was isolated from plasma of estradiol-17-treated fish by precipitation with EDTA-Mg²⁺ and distilled water or by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography. In all investigated species, vitellogenin contained 16–18% (w/w) lipid, in which polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3), comprised about 50% of the total fatty acids. The proportions of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and (n-3) fatty acids in vitellogenin of the different species were generally similar, although the relative content of specific fatty acids was distinctive for each species. The distribution of fatty acids in total lipids of vitellogenin was highly consistent among individual females of each species. In contrast, liver fatty acid composition varied considerably, both within and between species. Altogether, the differences in the fatty acid composition of vitellogenin and liver from each species indicate that a specific selection of fatty acids occurs during the lipidation of vitellogenin.Abbreviations BHT butylated hydroxytoluene - E-17 estradiol-17 - EDTA ethylenedinitrilo tetra-acetic acid disodium salt dihydrate - FA fatty acids - FAME fatty acid methyl esters - HDL high density lipoproteins - PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids - SD standard deviation - TLC thin-layer chromatography - VHDL very high density lipoproteins - VLDL very low density lipoproteins - v/v volume per volume - w/v weight per volume - w/w weight per weight     

Fatty acid composition of six freshwater wild cyanobacterial species

Hydroxy, n-saturated, branched, dioic, and unsaturated fatty acids in six freshwater wild cyanobacteria (Chroococcus minutus, Lyngbya ceylanica, Merismopedia glauca, Nodularia sphaerocarpa, Nostoc linckia, and Synechococcus aeruginosus) collected from different lakes and springs of Israel have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).     

Novel variation of lipid A structures in strains of different Yersinia species

The Yersinia genus includes human and animal pathogens (plague, enterocolitis). The fine structures of the endotoxin lipids A of seven strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia ruckeri and Yersinia pestis were determined and compared using mass spectrometry. These lipids differed in secondary acylation at C-2': this was dodecanoic acid (C(12)) for two strains of Y. enterocolitica and Y. ruckeri, tetradecanoic acid (C(14)) in two other Y. enterocolitica and hexadecenoic acid (C(16:1)) in Y. pestis. The enterocolitica lipids having a mass identical to that of Escherichia coli were found to be structurally different. The results supported the idea of a relation between membrane fluidity and environmental adaptability in Yersinia.     

Fatty acid and sterol composition of three phytomonas species.

Fatty acid and sterol analysis were performed on Phytomonas serpens and Phytomonas sp. grown in chemically defined and complex medium, and P. fran?ai cultivated in complex medium. The three species of the genus Phytomonas had qualitatively identical fatty acid patterns. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic were the major unsaturated fatty acids. Miristic and stearic were the major saturated fatty acids. Ergosterol was the only sterol isolated from Phytmonas sp. and P. serpens grown in a sterol-free medium, indicating that it was synthesized de novo. When P. fran?ai that does not grow in defined medium was cultivated in a complex medium, cholesterol was the only sterol detected. The fatty acids and sterol isolated from Phytomonas sp. and P. serpens grown in a chemically defined lipid-free medium indicated that they were able to biosynthesize fatty acids and ergosterol from acetate or from acetate precursors such as glucose or threonine.     

Fatty acid composition of a new marine picoplankton species of the Chromophyta

A marine yellowish picoplankton, strain PP301, which was newly isolated from the surface seawater of the western Pacific Ocean was an eminent producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Its fatty acids were mostly shared by the shortest saturated form (14:0, 20–30%) and polyunsaturated forms (20:4, EPA and DHA) which accounted for about 50% of the total fatty acids. The amount of intermediate forms in 16 and 18 carbon chains were very little. This composition was consistently observed irrespective of the growth temperatures (15–35 °C).