基于转录组的瑶药半枫荷根和叶的差异分析

为了探究半枫荷(Semiliquidambar cathayensis)根和叶的基因表达差异和关键活性成分合成通路中关键基因的表达规律,本研究对半枫荷的根和叶进行转录组测序和生物信息分析。59378个差异表达基因归类到在GO分类的3个大类中,主要与生物学过程有关(50.59%)。626个差异表达基因注释KOG数据库的24个分类中。81个差异表达基因参与苯丙烷类化合物的生物合成,110个差异表达基因参与黄酮类化合物的生物合成,211个差异表达基因参与萜类化合物的生物合成。本研究获得了半枫荷根和叶的转录组信息特征,为今后半枫荷基因功能鉴定、次生代谢途径解析及调控机制的研究提供依据。     

Inheritance and Variation of Cytosine Methylation in Three Populus Allotriploid Populations with Different Heterozygosity

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism with the potential to regulate gene expression and affect plant phenotypes. Both hybridization and genome doubling may affect the DNA methylation status of newly formed allopolyploid plants. Previous studies demonstrated that changes in cytosine methylation levels and patterns were different among individual hybrid plant, therefore, studies investigating the characteristics of variation in cytosine methylation status must be conducted at the population level to avoid sampling error. In the present study, an F1 hybrid diploid population and three allotriploid populations with different heterozygosity [originating from first-division restitution (FDR), second-division restitution (SDR), and post-meiotic restitution (PMR) 2n eggs of the same female parent] were used to investigate cytosine methylation inheritance and variation relative to their common parents using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). The variation in cytosine methylation in individuals in each population exhibited substantial differences, confirming the necessity of population epigenetics. The total methylation levels of the diploid population were significantly higher than in the parents, but those of the three allotriploid populations were significantly lower than in the parents, indicating that both hybridization and polyploidization contributed to cytosine methylation variation. The vast majority of methylated status could be inherited from the parents, and the average percentages of non-additive variation were 6.29, 3.27, 5.49 and 5.07% in the diploid, FDR, SDR and PMR progeny populations, respectively. This study lays a foundation for further research on population epigenetics in allopolyploids.     

圆口铜鱼亲本与子代肝脏转录组特征及对比分析

通过Illumina HiseqTM 2000测序平台首次开展了圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)亲本与子代肝脏转录组测序并对比分析其测序结果。对转录组进行拼接和组装, 共获得80688个Unigene, Unigene的长度主要分布在401—600 bp, 占总Unigene的43.56%。与Nr、GO、COG、KEGG等公共数据库比对并进行功能注释, 经分析圆口铜鱼亲本与子代差异表达基因共2701个, 其中上调1240个, 下调1461个。差异基因表达模式聚类热图显示, 同一样本不同重复基因表达相似。将差异基因映射到代谢通路KEGG数据库进行富集分析, 并对37个KEGG显著富集的代谢通路(P<0.05)构建其基因共表达网络, 结果显示丙酸盐代谢、丙酮酸代谢、原核生物固碳途径、乙醛和二羧酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢、萜类骨架生物合成是KEGG差异表达基因的核心代谢途径, 且这些基因在圆口铜鱼子代中表达量均显著上调。该结果丰富了圆口铜鱼基因组数据, 并首次从分子水平比较了圆口铜鱼亲本和子代的代谢差异, 同时解释了在同一循环水系统中子代不易患病的现象。     

Identification and characterization of unique and common lncRNAs and mRNAs in the pituitary,ovary, and uterus of Hu sheep with different prolificacy

LncRNAs are regarded as regulators in various animal reproductive physiological processes. However, the regulation of lncRNAs in the reproductive organ development of Hu sheep with different prolificacy remains unknown. Herein, numerous tissue-unique and -common differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and fecundity-unique DELs and DEGs were identified among different comparison groups at horizontal and vertical levels. Moreover, the tissue-unique and -common, and fecundity-unique female reproduction-associated DEGs and DELs were screened, and the interaction networks were constructed. Furthermore, MSTRG.43442.1 was mainly present in the cytoplasm of tested cells. The key genes ADAMTS1 and DCN were mainly localized in the granulosa cells, pituitary cells and/or endometrial epithelial cells of ovary, pituitary and/or uterus. Overall, this study identified large numbers of unique and common DELs and DEGs in the female reproductive organs of Hu sheep with different prolificacy and provided new insights into understanding the regulation of Hu sheep fecundity.     

大叶杨干旱和水淹胁迫的转录组分析

大叶杨（Populus lasiocarpa）是中国特有的杨属物种,干旱和水淹是影响大叶杨生长和分布范围的两个关键因子。AP2/ERF转录因子家族在植物响应非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。本研究采用转录组测序、生物信息学分析手段并结合分子实验验证初步鉴定了参与大叶杨干旱和水淹胁迫响应的关键基因。研究结果显示：（1）在大叶杨中分别鉴定到3,986/385个响应干旱/水淹胁迫的差异表达基因,其中包括237个同时响应干旱和水淹胁迫的差异表达基因。（2）在大叶杨中共鉴定到205个AP2/ERF家族成员,系统发育分析表明其在大叶杨中主要分为5个亚家族,并显著富集于差异表达基因中。（3）筛选部分胁迫前后差异表达的PlAP2/ERF基因进行qRT-PCR实验,经证实这些基因在大叶杨受到干旱/水淹胁迫时均可被诱导表达。综上,大叶杨在水淹胁迫下的差异表达基因数量明显少于干旱胁迫,AP2/ERF基因家族的部分基因参与到大叶杨干旱/水淹胁迫的应激表达过程。     

Integrative analysis of genome‐wide lncRNA and mRNA expression in newly synthesized Brassica hexaploids

Polyploidization, as a significant evolution force, has been considered to facilitate plant diversity. The expression levels of lncRNAs and how they control the expression of protein‐coding genes in allopolyploids remain largely unknown. In this study, lncRNA expression profiles were compared between Brassica hexaploid and its parents using a high‐throughput sequencing approach. A total of 2,725, 1,672, and 2,810 lncRNAs were discovered in Brassica rapa, Brassica carinata, and Brassica hexaploid, respectively. It was also discovered that 725 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between Brassica hexaploid and its parents, and 379 lncRNAs were nonadditively expressed in this hexaploid. LncRNAs have multiple expression patterns between Brassica hexaploid and its parents and show paternal parent‐biased expression. These lncRNAs were found to implement regulatory functions directly in the long‐chain form, and acted as precursors or targets of miRNAs. According to the prediction of the targets of differentially expressed lncRNAs, 109 lncRNAs were annotated, and their target genes were involved in the metabolic process, pigmentation, reproduction, exposure to stimulus, biological regulation, and so on. Compared with the paternal parent, differentially expressed lncRNAs between Brassica hexaploid and its maternal parent participated in more regulation pathways. Additionally, 61 lncRNAs were identified as putative targets of known miRNAs, and 15 other lncRNAs worked as precursors of miRNAs. Some conservative motifs of lncRNAs from different groups were detected, which indicated that these motifs could be responsible for their regulatory roles. Our findings may provide a reference for the further study of the function and action mechanisms of lncRNAs during plant evolution.