胃癌CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨细胞粘附分子CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理学行为和患者预后的关系. 方法应用高敏感性催化信号放大系统(catalyzed signal amplification,CSA)原位杂交和免疫组化技术,对17例早期胃癌、21例中期胃癌和57例晚期胃癌组织进行CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白检测,并结合肿瘤的病理学行为和临床随访资料进行分析.结果在胃癌中,CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白的表达阳性率分别为85.3%和82.1%.CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达阳性率在晚期胃癌明显高于早、中期胃癌(P<0.05).CD44v6 mRNA表达与蛋白表达水平具有一致性,均与胃癌浆膜浸润,淋巴结转移和患者预后呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白异常表达与胃癌的临床病理生物学行为密切相关,特别是与胃癌细胞的转移潜能和胃癌患者的不良预后密切相关.CD44v6蛋白水平的表达可以间接反映其mRNA转录水平,并可作为预测胃癌转移潜能和患者预后的一个新的生物学指标.     

CD44v6和PTEN在胃印戒细胞癌中的表达意义

目的:探讨CD44v6和PTEN在胃印戒细胞癌组织中的表达与临床病理特征及预后之间的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP二步法,检测73例胃印戒细胞癌组织中CD44v6及PTEN的表达,分析CD44v6、PTEN与胃印戒细胞癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、器官转移、临床分期和三年生存率的关系.结果:73例胃印戒细胞癌组织中CD44v6阳性率为78.1%(57/73),PTEN阳性表达率为34.2%(25/73),PTEN表达与器官转移、临床分期有差异(P＜0.05),CD44v6、PTEN表达均与胃印戒细胞癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移有差异(P＜0.05).两者之间Spearman等级表达呈负相关(r=-0.214,P＜0.05);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示PTEN阴性组三年生存率16.1%显著低于PTEN阳性组66.9%(P＜0.01).结论:进行CD44v6和PTEN免疫组织化学检测对评估胃印戒细胞癌的预后具有一定意义.     

胃癌及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34、CD44v6的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、CD34和CD44v6在胃癌及相应癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床病理意义.方法:应用免疫组化技术检测60例胃癌以及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34和CD44v6的表达.结果:胃癌组织VEGF阳性率为71.67%(43/60)明显低于癌旁组织88.34%(53/60),两组间有显著性差异(P=0.022);VEGF阳性表达与胃癌病理分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床分期密切相关(P＜0.05).癌旁组织中微血管密度(MVD)明显高于癌组织MVD(P=0.000),有淋巴结转移癌组织中MVD高于无淋巴结转移者(P=0.043),并随浸润深度、临床分期MVD升高(P=0.046,P=0.000).癌旁组织中CD44v6阳性率为48.34%(29/60)低于癌组织的61.67%(37/60),两者无明显差别.CD44v6的阳性率随胃癌浸润的加深而升高,与淋巴结转移和TNM分期呈正相关.VEGF、CD34及CD44v6三指标间两两相关(P＜0.05).结论:VEGF、CD34和CD44v6三者联合检测有助于判断胃癌的浸润、转移及预后情况.     

MOC-31和CD44v6在良恶性腹水鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨检测肿瘤标志物MOC-31和CD44v6对鉴别良恶性腹水的诊断价值。方法利用液基薄层细胞学自动涂片技术方法筛查出查到肿瘤细胞的恶性腹水标本390例以及良性腹水标本100例,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和免疫细胞化学染色检测MOC-31和CD44v6的含量和表达情况。结果 ELISA结果显示MOC-31和CD44v6在良性腹水中的含量分别为21±4ng/ml和291±32ng/ml,在恶性腹水中的含量分别为98.1±19.3ng/ml和891±116ng/ml,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05);免疫细胞化学染色显示MOC-31在恶性腹水细胞中阳性表达250例,良性腹水细胞中阳性表达5例;CD44v6在恶性腹水细胞中阳性表达266例,良性腹水细胞中阳性表达3例,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 MOC-31和CD44v6可以做为良恶性腹水鉴别诊断的重要指标,值得在临床病理工作中推广应用。     

CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF在胃癌的表达及临床意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF表达情况及其与胃癌临床病理因素的关系,并探讨其表达与胃裸区侵犯的临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化方法测定60例胃癌组织CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF表达情况,并结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析。结果:CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达与胃癌的TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。胃裸区受侵组与未受侵组胃癌组织的CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达无明显差异。结论:CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达与胃癌的浸润转移密切相关,胃裸区是否受侵与胃癌组织的CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达无关,胃裸区这一解剖结构可能是胃癌预后较差的原因。     

CK19和MC在肺癌患者胸水中的表达及意义

目的探讨CK19和MC在肺癌患者胸水中的诊断价值。方法应用免疫细胞化学方法(S-P)研究44例肺癌患者胸水中的癌细胞和26例肺良性疾病胸水中的反应性间皮细胞的表达。结果CK19在肺癌患者胸水中的阳性率95.5%(42/44)明显高于在良性胸水中的阳性率7.7%(2/26),差异非常显著(P<0.01);而MC在良性胸水中的阳性率96.2%(25/26)明显高于在肺癌患者胸水中的阳性率22.7%(10/44),差异也非常显著(P<0.01);当CK19和MC联合应用时为最佳选择,其敏感性和特异性分别高达100%和88.5%。结论CK19和MC对肺癌患者胸水中癌细胞的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

胃癌中CD44v6 表达及与微血管密度和生物学行为的关系

目的:探讨CD44v6在胃癌中的表达及其与微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)和生物学行为的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测80例胃癌组织CD44v6、CD34的表达,以CD34标记肿瘤微血管,并在显微镜下计数微血管密度(MVD)。结果:CD44v6在胃癌组织中的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05),CD44v6强阳性表达组中MVD明显高于CD44v6阴性表达组(P<0.05)。结论:CD44v6的表达和MVD计数是反映胃癌生物学特性的良好的指标,对判断胃癌的浸润转移具有一定的临床意义。     

ICAM-1和CD44v6在结、直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:了解ICAM-1和CD44v6在结、直肠癌中的表达,探讨它们与结直肠癌侵袭与转移的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学pv-9000二步法检测ICAM-1和CD44v6在40例结直肠癌和30例大肠良性腺瘤组织中的表达情况,并分析其与结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系.结果:40例结、直肠癌和30例大肠良性腺瘤中,ICAM-1的表达阳性率分别是72.5%(29/40)、33.3%(10/30),CD44v6的表达阳性率分别是88.9%(27/40)、26.7%(8/30). ICAM-1和CD44v6的表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤细胞分化程度无关,但与淋巴结转移、Dukes分期具有相关性(p<0.05).有淋巴结转移、Dukes分期在C+D期者,ICAM-1和CD44v6的表达阳性率均明显升高.ICAM-1和CD44v6在大肠良性腺瘤中呈低表达或不表达.ICAM-1和CD44v6两者均阳性表达时,其预测结、直肠癌淋巴结转移的特异性升高,有一定的临床意义.结论:CD44v6和ICAM-1的阳性表达预示结直肠癌具有较强的侵袭转移能力,可作为预测结直肠癌转移潜能的生物学指标.     

变异性分化抗原簇44（CD44v17）对宫颈癌的临床诊断意义

目的:探讨CD44v17对宫颈癌的临床诊断意义。方法:将CD44v17si RNA、CD44v17、生理盐水转染至传代后的人宫颈癌细胞。检测细胞转染后存活率;检测细胞凋亡率。在裸鼠左肩背部注入人宫颈癌细胞悬液,随机分为CD44v17组、CD44v17si RNA组、对照组。在CD44v17组、CD44v17si RNA组裸鼠瘤体内分别注入CD44v17病毒颗粒、CD44v17si RNA病毒颗粒。检测瘤体的质量与体积。选取疑有宫颈病变患者阴道镜下活检组织80例,正常宫颈组织15例、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)I级组织l5例、CIN II级15例、CIN III级组织15例和宫颈癌组织20例。检测CD44v17在不同组织中的表达量。结果:CD44v17si RNA转染的宫颈癌细胞凋亡率(19.20±2.14%)高于CD44v17转染的宫颈癌细胞凋亡率(6.13±1.08%)(P0.05)。CD44v17组裸鼠瘤体质量(15.9±3.4)g高于对照组裸鼠瘤体质量(11.8±2.7)g(P0.05)。CD44v17在不同组织中的表达量,按正常宫颈、CINⅠ级、CINⅡ级、CINⅢ级、宫颈癌发展过程呈递增趋势(P0.05)。结论:CD44v17能抑制宫颈癌细胞凋亡,促进宫颈癌细胞的生长、增殖。通过降低CD44v17表达量可能是遏制CIN向宫颈癌发展的一个手段。     

干细胞标志物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4在胃癌组织中表达及其临床意义

目的探究在胃癌组织中干细胞标志物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4表达的临床意义。方法选择重庆两江新区第一人民医院消化内科收治的51例胃癌患者作为研究对象,同时选取门诊治疗的70例患有其他胃部良性、恶性疾病患者,比较胃癌患者与其他胃部良性、恶性疾病患者CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达阳性率;比较癌干细胞标记物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达与胃癌临床特征之间以及淋巴结状态的关系。表达阳性率,癌干细胞标记物的表达与胃癌临床特征之间比较采用c2检验。结果胃癌组CD133、CD44v6、PSCA、Oct-4阳性率分别为64.71%、68.63%、66.67%、60.78%,与慢性浅表性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃息肉、胃腺瘤比较表达阳性率明显更高,差异有统计学意义(c2值分别为31.583、33.475、30.171、28.751,P值均为0.000)。中+低分化CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率分别为55.56%、55.56%、55.56%和58.33%,高于高分化的26.67%、33.33%、26.67%和33.33%(c2值分别为3.547、2.092、3.547、2.648,P值分别为0.069、0.142、0.069、0.104);浸润深度T3~T4 CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率分别为52.94%、70.59%、58.82%和64.71%,高于T1~T2 CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率23.53%、41.18%、23.53%和35.29%(c2值分别为3.997、4.113、5.667、3.960,P值分别为0.041、0.032、0.014、0.046);肿块最大径≥5 cm CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率分别为48.57%、57.14%、45.71%和48.57%,高于<5cm CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率18.75%、25.00%、12.50%和18.75%(c2值分别为4.097、4.554、5.304、4.097,P值分别为0.037、0.024、0.019、0.037)。转移灶CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达阳性率分别为50.00%、50.00%、46.15%和53.85%,原发灶CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达阳性率64.00%、48.00%、40.00%和52.00%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(c2分别为1.018、0.020、0.197和0.017,P值分别为0.376、0.894、0.769和0.913)。结论肿瘤干细胞标志物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4表达,在胃癌的临床诊断中作为分子标记使用,与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度与肿块最大径有关,但与胃癌的淋巴结转移无关,对胃癌的发病情况有指示作用,具有临床使用价值。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.