寡聚糖诱导悬浮培养南方红豆杉细胞的凋亡

在真菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.vasinfectum (Atkinson) Snyder et Hansen)寡聚糖诱导悬浮培养南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu)细胞生产紫杉醇的体系中发现细胞出现凋亡,次生代谢增强.电镜观察到细胞核质和原生质出现凝集现象,液泡内出现大量的高电子致密体.核DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳,呈200 bp的整数倍的梯状条带(ladders);而对照组细胞核DNA完整,呈大片段,细胞完整,细胞器发达,但紫杉醇合成速率很低.加入寡聚糖后,细胞防御系统开启,细胞生长停止,次生代谢物酚类物质大量积累且次生壁加厚,多酚氧化酶活性迅速提高,苯丙烷类代谢途径的关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性在1 h后急速提高,目的产物紫杉醇在诱导后72 h达到峰值,比对照组提高了6倍,且细胞凋亡的出现与紫杉醇合成的峰值具有时间上的一致性.     

寡聚糖诱导悬浮培养南方红豆衫细胞的凋亡

在真菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.vasinfectum(Atkinson)Snyder et Hansen）寡聚糖诱导悬浮培养南方红豆衫（Taxus chinensis(Pilger)Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Levl.）Cheng et L.K.Fu）细胞生产紫杉醇的体系中发现细胞出现凋亡，次生代谢增强，电镜观察到细胞核质和原生质出现凝集现象，液泡内出现大量的高电子致密林。核DNA器发达，但紫杉醇合成速率很低，加入寡聚糖后，细胞防御系统开启，细胞生长停止，次生代谢物酚类物质大量积累且次生壁加厚，多酚氧化酶活性迅速提高，苯丙烷类代谢途径的关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性在1h后急速提高，目的产物紫杉醇在诱导后72h达到峰值，比对照组提高了6倍，且细胞凋亡的出现与紫杉醇合成的峰值具有时间上的一致性。     

DMSO 对悬浮培养的东北红豆杉细胞凋亡和紫杉醇合成的影响

研究了不同浓度的DMSO对悬浮培养的东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)细胞的增殖能力、细胞活性以及紫杉醇合成和释放等方面的影响,同时应用荧光指示剂双染法检测了细胞凋亡的发生情况.结果显示2%的DMSO处理能显著降低细胞活性,抑制细胞的增殖能力,使细胞核内DNA含量减少,培养中、后期在荧光显微镜下可见部分细胞核出现典型的凋亡形态,同时伴有紫杉醇产量的明显增加;对照组及1%以下浓度组未出现上述改变.结果表明一定浓度的DMSO能诱导细胞凋亡,促进细胞紫杉醇合成能力的提高.     

真菌诱导子对悬浮培养南方红豆杉细胞态势及紫杉醇合成的影响

在南方红豆杉细胞悬浮培养过程中,研究了在指数生长期的末期加入真菌诱导子(尖孢镰刀菌的胞壁组分粗提物)对细胞态势及紫杉醇合成的影响。结果表明,真菌诱导子能在短期内激发细胞的防御性应答反应而产生氧迸发,细胞的氧化还原态势发生了明显的变化,培养基发生碱化现象,表征酶含量的蛋白质含量明显提高,SOD、POD、CAT的活力出现波动性变化,并具有一定的时序性。同时,南方红豆杉悬浮培养体系中产次生代谢途径中重要的酶PAL的活力得到提高,紫杉醇的合成被加强,产量得到了显著提高,达到了对照组的5倍左右。     

DMSO对悬浮培养的东北红豆杉细胞凋亡和紫杉醇合成的影响

研究了不同浓度的DMSO对悬浮培养的东北红豆杉（Taxus cuspidata）细胞的增殖能力、细胞活性以及紫杉醇合成和释放等方面的影响,同时应用荧光指示剂双染法检测了细胞凋亡的发生情况。结果显示2％的DMSO处理能显著降低细胞活性,抑制细胞的增殖能力,使细胞核内DNA含量减少,培养中、后期在荧光显微镜下可见部分细胞核出现典型的凋亡形态,同时伴有紫杉醇产量的明显增加。对照组及1％以下浓度组未出现上述改变。结果表明一定浓度的DMSO能诱导细胞凋亡,促进细胞紫杉醇合成能力的提高。     

鸭呼肠孤病毒强毒株致鸭胚原代成纤维细胞凋亡的研究

通过光镜、电镜、DNA Ladder法、流式细胞术、荧光染色对鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)诱导鸭胚原代成纤维细胞(DEF)凋亡情况进行检测.结果显示,光镜可见细胞形态学上出现细胞皱缩,染色质浓染边移;电镜观察到细胞胞浆浓缩,细胞核染色质凝聚、部分形成凋亡小体;荧光染色结果显示,在感染后24h有激发绿色荧光的凋亡细胞出现,随着时间的推移,激发红色荧光的死亡细胞数量增多;DNA Ladder检测到感染后24～144h的DNA样品呈梯形条带;流式细胞术于感染后24h检测到凋亡细胞,其数量在72～96h达到高峰,144h开始下降.研究结果表明,DRV在DEF增殖的过程中具有诱导宿主细胞凋亡的作用.     

真菌诱导子对茶条槭细胞没食子酸积累的影响

茶条槭（Acer ginnala Maxim.）叶片中含有没食子酸,但含量较低。真菌诱导子可以增加植物中一些次生代谢产物的含量,但其机理尚不十分清楚。本研究在茶条槭细胞悬浮培养的对数期加入内生真菌（Phomopsis sp.）诱导子,茶条槭细胞中没食子酸含量在24 h后开始增加,48 h时没食子酸含量达到峰值,最高含量为12.2 mg·g^-1 DW,是对照的1.58倍。茶条槭细胞对内生真菌诱导子的防御反应不同于对病原和非生物胁迫。真菌诱导子不提高培养液中pH值,也不明显增加胞内Ca²⁺浓度,但增大细胞膜通透性。培养液电导率差异显著,细胞核发生分裂,说明真菌诱导子可能促进茶条槭细胞核内有丝分裂,促使茶条槭细胞对培养液中的无机盐离子的吸收,以满足细胞生长的需要。PAL酶活性升高,在48 h时为对照的1.75倍,说明PAL酶可能参与了真菌诱导没食子酸的合成。     

猪流行性感冒病毒H3N2亚型体外诱导猪肺巨噬细胞发生凋亡

本文旨在探讨H3N2亚型猪流行性感冒病毒(SIV)引起机体免疫抑制的机制.用SIV分离株体外感染猪肺巨噬细胞(PAM),发现SIV可在PAM中进行生产性复制.感染后96 h,病毒的血凝效价达到64.琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示,感染细胞的DNA呈"梯样"图谱;流式细胞仪检测显示,细胞在感染后24 h出现明显的亚二倍体DNA峰,72 h凋亡细胞达25%.光学显微镜和电子显微镜下可见感染细胞的形态发生特征性改变,如细胞皱缩、细胞表面微绒毛消失、胞质内出现大量空泡、细胞核染色体发生浓缩等.结果提示,SIV可在体外诱导PAM凋亡,推测PAM凋亡可能是SIV引起机体免疫抑制的重要因素之一.     

基于定量PCR技术探讨紫杉醇生物合成的限速步骤

次生代谢产物牛物合成受到发育和诱导的调控,本实验研究了组织分化和诱导处理对紫杉醇生物合成的影响,并采用定量PCR技术分析了紫杉醇生物合成不同阶段关键酶基因的动态表达特征。结果表明。紫杉醇主要分布在中国红豆杉（Taxus chinensis）树皮和根皮组织中,针叶内含量很少,催化紫杉醇功能官能团连接的关键酶摹因也主要定位在树皮和根皮组织巾;茉莉酸甲酯（MJ）和真菌诱导子F5分别提高了中国红豆杉悬浮培养细胞HG-1紫杉醇得率8倍和10倍,同时有效诱导紫杉醇生物合成基因的表达。发现催化紫杉醇侧链连接的基因与紫杉醇生物合成早正相关。结果表明。紫杉醇生物合成的限速步骤是催化功能官能团连接的步骤。     

紫杉醇生物合成酶的研究进展

抗癌药紫杉醇是具有萜类环状结构的天然次生代谢产物.研究紫杉醇生物合成酶,特别是其合成关键酶,将为利用基因工程手段大量生产紫杉醇打下基础.对紫杉醇生物合成过程中参与酶的研究进展作一综述.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.